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To JC, Chiu AP, Tschida BR, Lo LH, Chiu CH, Li XX, Kuka TP, Linden MA, Amin K, Chan WC, Bell JB, Moriarity BS, Largaespada DA, Keng VW. ZBTB20 regulates WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway by suppressing PPARG during hepatocellular carcinoma tumourigenesis. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100223. [PMID: 33604532 PMCID: PMC7873381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. However, knockout studies have shown it to be a transcriptional repressor of the alpha-foetoprotein (Afp) gene in adult liver, and reduced levels of ZBTB20 allow for upregulation of AFP with increased tumour severity in certain cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding its role in liver tumourigenesis, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. Methods A reverse genetic study using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system in mice was performed to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. In vitro ZBTB20 gain- and loss-of-function experiments were used to assess the relationship amongst ZBTB20, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1). Results Transgenic overexpression of ZBTB20 in hepatocytes and in the context of transformation related protein (T r p53) inactivation induced hepatic hypertrophy, activation of WNT/CTNNB1 signalling, and development of liver tumours. In vitro overexpression and knockout experiments using CRISPR/Cas9 demonstrated the important role for ZBTB20 in downregulating PPARG, resulting in activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway and its downstream effectors in HCC tumourigenesis. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a novel interaction between ZBTB20 and PPARG, which leads to activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway in HCC tumourigenesis. Lay summary ZBTB20 has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. Herein, we uncover its important role in liver cancer development. We show that it interacts with PPARG to upregulate the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway, leading to tumourigenesis.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-foetoprotein
- BTB/POZ, broad complex
- CTNNB1
- CTNNB1, catenin beta 1
- Fah, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HHL, immortalized human hepatic cell line
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IF, immunofluorescence
- NTBC, 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione
- OFP, orange fluorescent protein
- PHI, post-hydrodynamic injection
- POK, POZ and Kruppel
- PPARG
- PPARG, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Reverse genetic screen
- SB, Sleeping Beauty
- Sleeping Beauty
- ZBTB20
- ZBTB20, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20
- qPCR, quantitative RT-PCR
- tramtrack, bric a brac/poxvirus and zinc finger
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C To
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Amy P Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lilian H Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cynthia H Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wing-Cheung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jason B Bell
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Lemay MA, Torkamaneh D, Rigaill G, Boyle B, Stec AO, Stupar RM, Belzile F. Screening populations for copy number variation using genotyping-by-sequencing: a proof of concept using soybean fast neutron mutants. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:634. [PMID: 31387530 PMCID: PMC6683502 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective use of mutant populations for reverse genetic screens relies on the population-wide characterization of the induced mutations. Genome- and population-wide characterization of the mutations found in fast neutron populations has been hindered, however, by the wide range of mutations generated and the lack of affordable technologies to detect DNA sequence changes. In this study, we therefore aimed to test whether genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology could be used to characterize copy number variation (CNV) induced by fast neutrons in a soybean mutant population. RESULTS We called CNVs from GBS data in 79 soybean mutants and assessed the sensitivity and precision of this approach by validating our results against array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data for 19 of these mutants as well as targeted PCR and ddPCR assays for a representative subset of the smallest events detected by GBS. Our GBS pipeline detected 55 of the 96 events found by aCGH, with approximate detection thresholds of 60 kb, 500 kb and 1 Mb for homozygous deletions, hemizygous deletions and duplications, respectively. Among the whole set of 79 mutants, the GBS data revealed 105 homozygous deletions, 32 hemizygous deletions and 19 duplications. This included several extremely large events, exhibiting maximum sizes of ~ 11.2 Mb for a homozygous deletion, ~ 11.6 Mb for a hemizygous deletion, and ~ 50 Mb for a duplication. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a proof of concept that GBS can be used as an affordable high-throughput method for assessing CNVs in fast neutron mutants. The modularity of this GBS approach allows combining as many different libraries or sequencing runs as is necessary for reaching the goals of a particular study. This method should enable the low-cost genome-wide characterization of hundreds to thousands of individuals in fast neutron mutant populations or any population with large genomic deletions and duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Lemay
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Guillem Rigaill
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris, Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- LaMME, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, UMR CNRS 8071, ENSIIE, USC INRA, Paris, France
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Adrian O. Stec
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN USA
| | - Robert M. Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN USA
| | - François Belzile
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
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Kuil LE, Oosterhof N, Geurts SN, van der Linde HC, Meijering E, van Ham TJ. Reverse genetic screen reveals that Il34 facilitates yolk sac macrophage distribution and seeding of the brain. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037762. [PMID: 30765415 PMCID: PMC6451432 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages, which have specialized functions important in brain development and in disease. They colonize the brain in early embryonic stages, but few factors that drive the migration of yolk sac macrophages (YSMs) into the embryonic brain, or regulate their acquisition of specialized properties, are currently known. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9-based in vivo reverse genetic screening pipeline to identify new microglia regulators using zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae are particularly suitable due to their external development, transparency and conserved microglia features. We targeted putative microglia regulators, by Cas9/gRNA complex injections, followed by Neutral-Red-based visualization of microglia. Microglia were quantified automatically in 3-day-old larvae using a software tool we called SpotNGlia. We identified that loss of zebrafish colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) ligand, Il34, caused reduced microglia numbers. Previous studies on the role of IL34 in microglia development in vivo were ambiguous. Our data, and a concurrent paper, show that, in zebrafish, il34 is required during the earliest seeding of the brain by microglia. Our data also indicate that Il34 is required for YSM distribution to other organs. Disruption of the other Csf1r ligand, Csf1, did not reduce microglia numbers in mutants, whereas overexpression increased the number of microglia. This shows that Csf1 can influence microglia numbers, but might not be essential for the early seeding of the brain. In all, we identified il34 as a modifier of microglia colonization, by affecting distribution of YSMs to target organs, validating our reverse genetic screening pipeline in zebrafish.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuël N Geurts
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Quantitative Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Meijering
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In the postgenomic era, the ability to quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively assign function to the zebrafish proteome is critical. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) have revolutionized the ability to perform reverse genetics because of its simplicity and broad applicability. The CRISPR system is composed of an engineered, gene-specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) and a Cas9 enzyme that causes double-stranded breaks in DNA at the targeted site. This simple, two-part system, when injected into one-cell stage zebrafish embryos, efficiently mutates target loci at a frequency such that injected embryos phenocopy known mutant phenotypes. This property allows for CRISPR-based F0 screening in zebrafish, which provides a means to screen through a large number of candidate genes for their role in a phenotype of interest. While there are important considerations for any successful genetic screen, CRISPR screening has significant benefits over conventional methods and can be accomplished in any lab with modest molecular biology experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Shah
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C B Moens
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - A C Miller
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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