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Tu Z, Tang L, Khan FU, Hu M, Shen H, Wang Y. Low-frequency noise impairs righting reflex behavior by disrupting central nervous system in the sea slug Onchidium reevesii. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170552. [PMID: 38309332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise has significantly increased due to human activities, posing a threat to the health and survival of marine organisms. However, current studies have often emphasized its effects on the physiological aspects of marine organisms, while ignored the relationship between the neuroendocrine system and behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the righting behavior and relevant physiological functions of the central nervous system (CNS) in sea slug (Onchidium reevesii) exposed to low-frequency noise and subsequent noise removal. The duration of the sea slugs' righting reflex increased with longer noise exposure time. The degree of neuronal cell damage and apoptosis were significantly increased and relevant gene expressions were affected (Glu, AChE, FMRFamide and CaMKII) (P < 0.05). After the removal of noise, the righting reflex speed gradually recovered, and the degree of neuronal cell damage, apoptosis and the expression levels of genes continued to decrease. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the righting time was positively correlated with CNS tissue and DNA damage, apoptosis rate, and negatively correlated with the expression levels of genes. Therefore, low-frequency noise exposure causes damage to the CNS of sea slugs, subsequently impairing their normal behavior. Sea slugs exhibited partial recovery within 384 h after removing noise. These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of low-frequency noise on the CNS and behavior of marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liusiqiao Tang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Heding Shen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Kamli H, Shaikh A, Bappi MH, Raposo A, Ahmad MF, Sonia FA, Akbor MS, Prottay AAS, Gonçalves SA, Araújo IM, Coutinho HDM, Elbendary EY, Lho LH, Han H, Islam MT. Sclareol exerts synergistic antidepressant effects with quercetin and caffeine, possibly suppressing GABAergic transmission in chicks. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115768. [PMID: 37866001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of sclareol (SCL) with or without caffeine (CAF) and quercetin (QUR) using in-vivo and in-silico studies. For this, 5-day-old chicks weighing between 45 and 48 g were randomly divided into five groups and treated accordingly. The chicks were monitored to compare the occurrence, latency, and duration of sleep as well as the loss and gain of righting reflex in response to SCL-10 mg/kg, CAF-10 mg/kg, and QUR-50 mg/kg using a thiopental sodium (TS)-induced sleeping model. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by t-Student-Newman-Keuls' as a posthoc test at 95% confidence intervals with multiple comparisons. An in-silico study was also performed to investigate the possible antidepressant mechanisms of the test and/or standard drugs with different subunits of GABAA receptors. In comparison to the SCL, CAF, and QUR individual groups, SCL+CAF+QUR significantly increased the latency while decreasing the length of sleep. The incidence of loss and gain of the righting reflex was also modulated in the combination group. SCL showed better interaction with GABAA (α2 and α5) subunits than QUR with α2, α3, and α5. All these compounds showed stronger interactions with the GABAA receptor subunits than the standard CAF. Taken together, SCL, CAF, and QUR reduced the TS-induced righting reflex and sleeping time in the combination group more than in the individual treatments. SCL may show its antidepressant effects, possibly through interactions with GABAA receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Shaikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehedi Hasan Bappi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Akter Sonia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkoth Akbor
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Sheila Alves Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Isaac Moura Araújo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28503, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh.
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Solé M, De Vreese S, Fortuño JM, van der Schaar M. Artificial sound impact could put at risk hermit crabs and their symbiont anemones. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165756. [PMID: 37499834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The sea anemone Calliactis parasitica, which is found in the East Atlantic (Portugal to Senegal) and the Mediterranean Sea, forms a symbiotic relationship with the red hermit crab, Dardanus calidus, in which the anemone provides protection from predators such as the octopus while it gains mobility, and possibly food scraps, from the hermit crab. Acoustic pollution is recognised by the scientific community as a growing threat to ocean inhabitants. Recent findings on marine invertebrates showed that exposure to artificial sound had direct behavioural, physiological and ultrastructural consequences. In this study we assess the impact of artificial sound (received level 157 ± 5 dB re 1 μPa2 with peak levels up to 175 dB re 1 μPa2) on the red hermit crab and its symbiotic sea anemone. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed lesions in the statocyst of the red hermit crab and in the tentacle sensory epithelia of its anemone when exposed to low-intensity, low-frequency sounds. These ultrastructural changes under situations of acoustic stress in symbiotic partners belonging to different phyla is a new issue that may limit their survival capacity, and a new challenge in assessing the effects of acoustic disturbance in the oceanic ecosystem. Despite the lesions found in the red hermit crab, its righting reflex time was not as strongly affected showing only an increase in the range of righting times. Given that low-frequency sound levels in the ocean are increasing and that reliable bioacoustic data on invertebrates is very scarce, in light of the results of the present study, we argue that anthropogenic sound effects on invertebrates species may have direct consequences in the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solé
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Steffen De Vreese
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - José-Manuel Fortuño
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mike van der Schaar
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
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Seemiller LR, Garcia-Trevizo P, Novoa C, Goldberg LR, Murray S, Gould TJ. Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure produces strain-specific cross-sensitization to nicotine and other behavioral adaptations in adulthood in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173655. [PMID: 37802393 PMCID: PMC10995114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol exposure is associated with lasting behavioral changes in humans and in mice. Prior work from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice differ in sensitivity to some effects of acute alcohol exposure during adolescence and adulthood. However, it is unknown if these strains differ in cognitive, anxiety-related, and addiction-related long-term consequences of adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure. This study examined the impact of a previously validated adolescent alcohol exposure paradigm (2-3 g/kg, i.p., every other day PND 30-44) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J male and female mice on adult fear conditioning, anxiety-related behavior (elevated plus maze), and addiction-related phenotypes including nicotine sensitivity (hypothermia and locomotor depression) and alcohol sensitivity (loss of righting reflex; LORR). Both shared and strain-specific long-term consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure were found. Most notably, we found a strain-specific alcohol-induced increase in sensitivity to nicotine's hypothermic effects during adulthood in the DBA/2J strain but not in the C57BL/6J strain. Conversely, both strains demonstrated a robust increased latency to LORR during adulthood after adolescent alcohol exposure. Thus, we observed strain-dependent cross-sensitization to nicotine and strain-independent tolerance to alcohol due to adolescent alcohol exposure. Several strain and sex differences independent of adolescent alcohol treatment were also observed. These include increased sensitivity to nicotine-induced hypothermia in the C57BL/6J strain relative to the DBA/2J strain, in addition to DBA/2J mice showing more anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze relative to the C57BL/6J strain. Overall, these results suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure results in altered adult sensitivity to nicotine and alcohol with some phenotypes mediated by genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Novoa
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lisa R Goldberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Murray
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Chapman ECN, Rochas CMV, Piper AJR, Vad J, Kazanidis G. Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115250. [PMID: 37421913 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Offshore renewables are expanding, yet more information is required to understand their possible impacts on the environment. Little is known about the effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from subsea power cables on marine life. This study simulated an EMF of 500 μT, as modelled for an export cable over a rocky shore, where the industry standard cable burial would not be possible. Righting reflex, refractive index of haemolymph/coelomic fluid, and total haemocyte/coelomocyte counts were measured for four coastal invertebrates (Asterias rubens, Echinus esculentus, Necora puber, and Littorina littorea). No significant differences were found in either behavioural or physiological responses. This was the first study to investigate EMF exposure on righting reflex, and the first ever EMF study on edible sea urchins and periwinkles, and only one of a couple for common starfish and velvet crabs. It therefore, provides valuable data for environmental impact assessments, marine spatial planning, and commercial fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C N Chapman
- St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Berwickshire TD14 5PW, UK.
| | | | - Althea J R Piper
- St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Berwickshire TD14 5PW, UK
| | - Johanne Vad
- School of Geoscience, The University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Georgios Kazanidis
- School of Geoscience, The University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
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6
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Solé M, De Vreese S, Sánchez AM, Fortuño JM, van der Schaar M, Sancho N, André M. Cross-sensory interference assessment after exposure to noise shows different effects in the blue crab olfactory and sound sensing capabilities. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162260. [PMID: 36841409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution is an increasing threat to marine ecosystems. Marine animals use sound in communication and orientation processes. The introduction of anthropogenic noise in their habitat can interfere with sound production and reception as well as with the acquisition of vital information through other sensory systems. In the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), the statocyst is responsible for acoustic perception, and it is housed at the base of its first pair of antennae (antennule). The sensilla of the distal part of these antennule hosts the olfactory system, which is key for foraging. Given the anatomical proximity of the two sensory regions, we evaluated the possible interference of sound exposure with the crab ability to find food, by using an aquatic maze, and looked at the potential impairment of the righting reflex as well as at ultrastructural damages in statocysts. Although a significant effect was observed when looking at the time used by the animal to recover its habitual position ("righting reflex"), which was associated to lesions in the statocyst sensory epithelia, the time required to find food did not increase after the exposure to sound. When the crabs were exposed to natural sounds (marine background noise and sounds of their predators: Micropogonias undulates and Sciaenops ocellatus) they did not show significant differences in foraging behaviour. Although we found no unequivocal evidence of a negative impact of sound on olfactory capabilities, the study showed a clear righting reflex impairment correlated with ultrastructural damages of the statocysts. We argue that crab populations that cannot easily avoid noise sources due to their specific coastal distributions may incur in significant direct fitness costs (e.g. impairment of complex reflexes). This integrated approach to sound effect assessment could be used as a model for other invertebrate species to effectively monitor noise impact in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solé
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Steffen De Vreese
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio M Sánchez
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fortuño
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mike van der Schaar
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Sancho
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
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Mukai A, Irifune M, Shimizu Y, Doi M, Kikuchi Y, Katayama S, Oue K, Yoshida M, Ago Y, Okada Y, Morioka N, Nakata Y, Sakai N. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and glycinergic transmission, respectively, mediate muscle relaxation and immobility of pentobarbital in mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 802:137175. [PMID: 36907265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Pentobarbital-induced anesthesia is believed to be mediated by enhancement of the inhibitory action of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the central nervous system. However, it is unclear whether all components of anesthesia induced by pentobarbital, such as muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and immobility in response to noxious stimuli, are mediated only through GABAergic neurons. Thus, we examined whether the indirect GABA and glycine receptor agonists gabaculine and sarcosine, respectively, the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine, or the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channel blocker MK-801 could enhance pentobarbital-induced components of anesthesia. Muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and immobility were evaluated by grip strength, the righting reflex, and loss of movement in response to nociceptive tail clamping, respectively, in mice. Pentobarbital reduced grip strength, impaired the righting reflex, and induced immobility in a dose-dependent manner. The change in each behavior induced by pentobarbital was roughly consistent with that in electroencephalographic power. A low dose of gabaculine, which significantly increased endogenous GABA levels in the central nervous system but had no effect on behaviors alone, potentiated muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and immobility induced by low pentobarbital doses. A low dose of MK-801 augmented only the masked muscle-relaxing effects of pentobarbital among these components. Sarcosine enhanced only pentobarbital-induced immobility. Conversely, mecamylamine had no effect on any behavior. These findings suggest that each component of anesthesia induced by pentobarbital is mediated through GABAergic neurons and that pentobarbital-induced muscle relaxation and immobility may partially be associated with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism and glycinergic neuron activation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Mukai
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Irifune
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shimizu
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Doi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yuka Kikuchi
- Section of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sotaro Katayama
- Section of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kana Oue
- Section of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshida
- Section of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Okada
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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8
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Harper KM, Nikolova VD, Conrad ME, Moy SS. Neonatal Behavioral Screen for Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2583:159-173. [PMID: 36418733 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2752-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral phenotyping approaches for neonatal mice are important for investigating early alterations in brain development and function, relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. This chapter describes a behavioral screen that can provide an overall profile of function across the neonatal and preweaning period while also minimizing pup stress and disturbance of the maternal environment. Testing begins when mice are between 6 and 8 days in age, with additional evaluations at discrete time points until postnatal day (PD) 20-21, using tests for negative geotaxis, surface righting reflex, activity in an open field, acoustic startle responses and sensorimotor gating, and limb clasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Monika E Conrad
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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9
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Coulter I, Timic Stamenic T, Eggan P, Fine BR, Corrigan T, Covey DF, Yang L, Pan JQ, Todorovic SM. Different roles of T-type calcium channel isoforms in hypnosis induced by an endogenous neurosteroid epipregnanolone. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108739. [PMID: 34339750 PMCID: PMC8478885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neuroactive steroids induce sedation/hypnosis by potentiating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) currents. However, we previously demonstrated that an endogenous neuroactive steroid epipregnanolone [(3β,5β)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one] (EpiP) exerts potent peripheral analgesia and blocks T-type calcium currents while sparing GABAA currents in rat sensory neurons. This study seeks to investigate the behavioral effects elicited by systemic administration of EpiP and to characterize its use as an adjuvant agent to commonly used general anesthetics (GAs). METHODS Here, we utilized electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to characterize thalamocortical oscillations, as well as behavioral assessment and mouse genetics with wild-type (WT) and different knockout (KO) models of T-channel isoforms to investigate potential sedative/hypnotic and immobilizing properties of EpiP. RESULTS Consistent with increased oscillations in slower EEG frequencies, EpiP induced an hypnotic state in WT mice when injected alone intra-peritoneally (i.p.) and effectively facilitated anesthetic effects of isoflurane (ISO) and sevoflurane (SEVO). The CaV3.1 (Cacna1g) KO mice demonstrated decreased sensitivity to EpiP-induced hypnosis when compared to WT mice, whereas no significant difference was noted between CaV3.2 (Cacna1h), CaV3.3 (Cacna1i) and WT mice. Finally, when compared to WT mice, onset of EpiP-induced hypnosis was delayed in CaV3.2 KO mice but not in CaV3.1 and CaV3.3 KO mice. CONCLUSION We posit that EpiP may have an important role as novel hypnotic and/or adjuvant to volatile anesthetic agents. We speculate that distinct hypnotic effects of EpiP across all three T-channel isoforms is due to their differential expression in thalamocortical circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Coulter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045
| | - Tamara Timic Stamenic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045
| | - Pierce Eggan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045
| | - Brier R. Fine
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045
| | - Timothy Corrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology,
Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical
Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;,Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric
Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of
Harvard and MIT
| | - Jen Q. Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of
Harvard and MIT
| | - Slobodan M. Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045;,Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical
Campus, Aurora 80045;,Pharmacology Graduate Programs, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045
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10
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Ando S, Osanai D, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Survival motor neuron protein regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in microglia of the spinal cord in spinal muscular atrophy. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:204-211. [PMID: 33070839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein can result in the onset of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons and skeletal muscle atrophy. The mechanism underlying SMA pathology remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SMN protein regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in microglia. Antisense oligonucleotide, which increases SMN protein expression (SMN-ASO), attenuated SMA model mice phenotypes and suppressed the activation of microglia in the spinal cord. The expression of oxidative stress marker in microglia was decreased by SMN-ASO injection in SMA model mice. Increased reactive oxygen species production and subsequent antioxidative stress reaction was observed in SMN protein-depleted RAW264.7. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which mainly mediate the inflammatory response, are activated in SMN protein-depleted RAW264.7. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production is also increased in SMN protein-depleted RAW264.7. These findings suggest that SMN protein regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in microglia, supporting current claims that microglia can be an effective target for SMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ando
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daiki Osanai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Lunny E, Eng ML, Gurney KEB, Morrissey CA. Incubation temperature and PCB-126 exposure interactively impair shorebird embryo and post-hatch development. Environ Res 2020; 188:109779. [PMID: 32590146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In oviparous wildlife, many critical physiological and behavioural components are strongly influenced by the embryonic and early post-hatch developmental environment. As such, early life stages in these species are highly vulnerable to both natural and anthropogenic stressors. For example, in birds, incubation temperature may influence the rate of egg development while also affecting contaminant metabolism and absorption in body tissues, resulting in potentially multiplicative impacts on embryonic and posthatch development. We tested the hypothesis that cumulative effects of early contaminant exposure and temperature stress can negatively affect avian development and may have interactive effects that are more detrimental than either stressor individually. Using a controlled egg injection and incubation study on killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), eggs were exposed to a known endocrine disruptor, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and incubated at either low (36 °C), intermediate (37.5 °C), or high (39 °C) temperatures. Our results indicated that eggs incubated at low temperature had earlier detection of heartbeat, longer incubation length, lower growth rate post-hatch, and higher post-hatch mortality, compared to eggs incubated under intermediate temperatures. Higher incubation temperatures resulted in shorter incubation length, earlier detection of heart rate and faster righting time. As predicted, embryo and chick mortality were greater in the PCB-dosed birds incubated at intermediate and high temperatures. Incidence of distended yolk sacs (%) also increased with PCB exposure in all temperature groups, with the largest increase in the high temperature group. Overall, our results show that low incubation temperature can cause greater adverse effects than PCB-126 exposure alone, but that negative effects of PCB-126 exposure are exacerbated by high incubation temperatures. These findings suggest that in natural settings, shorebird embryos may be more susceptible to contaminant exposure when incubated at temperatures either below or above the apparent optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Lunny
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Margaret L Eng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kirsty E B Gurney
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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12
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Mustard JA, Jones L, Wright GA. GABA signaling affects motor function in the honey bee. J Insect Physiol 2020; 120:103989. [PMID: 31805284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. In insects, inhibition plays important roles at the neuromuscular junction, in the regulation of central pattern generators, and in the modulation of information in higher brain processing centers. Additionally, increasing our understanding of the functions of GABA is important since GABAA receptors are the targets of several classes of pesticides. To investigate the role of GABA in motor function, honey bee foragers were injected with GABA or with agonists or antagonists specific for either GABAA or GABAB receptors. Compounds that activated either type of GABA receptor decreased activity levels. Bees injected with the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin lost the ability to right themselves, whereas blockade of GABAB receptors led to increases in grooming. Injection with antagonists of either GABAA or GABAB receptors resulted in an increase in extended wing behavior, during which bees kept their wings out at right angles to their body rather than folded along their back. These data suggest that the GABA receptor types play distinct roles in behavior and that GABA may affect behavior at several different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Mustard
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
| | - Lisa Jones
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine A Wright
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Li J, Yu T, Shi F, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Fu B, Zhang Y. Involvement of Ventral Periaqueductal Gray Dopaminergic Neurons in Propofol Anesthesia. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:838-847. [PMID: 29417470 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that central dopaminergic system is implicated in the mechanism underlying general anesthesia. Whether dopamine (DA) neurons in midbrain ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) are involved in general anesthesia and how general anesthetics affect these neurons remain sparsely documented. To determine the role of vPAG DA neurons in propofol-induced anesthesia, we performed microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into vPAG to damage DA neurons and investigated the alteration in somatosensory electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as the induction and recovery time of propofol anesthesia. Subsequently, we examined the effect of propofol on the electrophysiological activity of DA neurons in vPAG using whole-cell patch clamp. Two weeks after 6-OHDA microinfusion, DA neurons in the vPAG were markedly reduced by 63.6% in the 6-OHDA-treated rats compared with vehicle rats. This lesion significantly shortened the induction time (7.15 ± 3.97 s vs. 11.18 ± 2.83 s, P < 0.05) and prolonged the recovery time of propofol anesthesia (780.26 ± 150.86 s vs. 590.68 ± 107.97 s, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, EEG in somatosensory cortex revealed that delta power (0-4 Hz) was significantly higher in 6-OHDA-treated rats than vehicle rats. In the electrophysiological experiment, propofol decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents rather than the amplitude and decay time. In addition, propofol preferentially increased the frequency and prolonged the decay time of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents without affecting the amplitude. SIGNIFICANCE Propofol can promote presynaptic GABA release, inhibit presynaptic glutamate release and increase postsynaptic GABAA receptor sensitivity, which eventually inhibits the activity of vPAG DA neurons and thereby influences the state of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, No. 48 Fenghao West Road, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Fu Shi
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zikun Duan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Bao Fu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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14
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Quadir SG, Guzelian E, Palmer MA, Martin DL, Kim J, Szumlinski KK. Complex interactions between the subject factors of biological sex and prior histories of binge-drinking and unpredictable stress influence behavioral sensitivity to alcohol and alcohol intake. Physiol Behav 2017; 203:100-112. [PMID: 28803118 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders, affective disorders and their comorbidity are sexually dimorphic in humans. However, it is difficult to disentangle the interactions between subject factors influencing alcohol sensitivity in studies of humans. Herein, we combined murine models of unpredictable, chronic, mild stress (UCMS) and voluntary binge-drinking to examine for sex differences in the interactions between prior histories of excessive ethanol-drinking and stress upon ethanol-induced changes in motor behavior and subsequent drinking. In Experiment 1, female mice were insensitive to the UCMS-induced increase in ethanol-induced locomotion and ethanol intake under continuous alcohol-access. Experiment 2 revealed interactions between ethanol dose and sex (females>males), binge-drinking history (water>ethanol), and UCMS history (UCMS>controls), with no additive effect of a sequential prior history of both binge drinking and UCMS observed. We also observed an interaction between UCMS history and sex for righting recovery. UCMS history potentiated subsequent binge-drinking in water controls of both sexes and in male binge-drinking mice. Conversely, a prior binge-drinking history increased subsequent ethanol intake in females only, irrespective of prior UCMS history. In Experiment 3, a concurrent history of binge-drinking and UCMS did not alter ethanol intake, nor did it influence the ethanol dose-locomotor response function, but it did augment alcohol-induced sedation and reduced subsequent alcohol intake over that produced by binge-drinking alone. Thus, the subject factors of biological sex, prior stressor history and prior binge-drinking history interact in complex ways in mice to impact sensitivity to alcohol's motor-stimulating, -incoordinating and intoxicating effects, as well as to influence subsequent heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema G Quadir
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Eugenie Guzelian
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mason A Palmer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Douglas L Martin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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15
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Teo JD, Morris MJ, Jones NM. Hypoxic postconditioning improves behavioural deficits at 6 weeks following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:27-34. [PMID: 28647597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborns is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with many babies suffering neurological deficits. Recently, we showed that hypoxic postconditioning (PostC) immediately post injury can protect against HI up to one week in neonatal rats. Here, we aimed to examine whether long term functional deficits were also improved by PostC. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control (C) or HI group on postnatal day 7 (P7). The HI group underwent unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (7% oxygen, 3h). Half of each group were randomly assigned to the PostC group (8% oxygen, 1h/day for 5days post-injury), or normoxic group, where animals were kept under ambient conditions. Righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests were performed on P8 and P14. On P42, rats underwent further behavioural tests of motor function and memory (forelimb grip strength, grid walking and novel object recognition tasks). Brain injury was assessed using histological scoring of brain sections. At P14, PostC reduced the righting reflex deficit compared to HI alone. Long-term (6 weeks) behavioural deficits were observed in grid walking and novel object recognition tests after HI alone, with both functions improved following PostC. Following HI, there was an increase in brain injury assessed by histological scoring compared to control, and this damage was reduced by PostC. This novel finding of long-term histological neuroprotection accompanied by functional improvements by PostC further demonstrates the clinical potential of mild hypoxia for the treatment of HI brain injury.
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16
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Nagasaka Y, Wepler M, Thoonen R, Sips PY, Allen K, Graw JA, Yao V, Burns SM, Muenster S, Brouckaert P, Miller K, Solt K, Buys ES, Ichinose F, Zapol WM. Sensitivity to Sevoflurane anesthesia is decreased in mice with a congenital deletion of Guanylyl Cyclase-1 alpha. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28615047 PMCID: PMC5471676 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics increase levels of the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) and the secondary messenger molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the brain. NO activates the enzyme guanylyl cyclase (GC) to produce cGMP. We hypothesized that the NO-GC-cGMP pathway contributes to anesthesia-induced unconsciousness. METHODS Sevoflurane-induced loss and return of righting reflex (LORR and RORR, respectively) were studied in wild-type mice (WT) and in mice congenitally deficient in the GC-1α subunit (GC-1-/- mice). Spatial distributions of GC-1α and the GC-2α subunit in the brain were visualized by in situ hybridization. Brain cGMP levels were measured in WT and GC-1-/- mice after inhaling oxygen with or without 1.2% sevoflurane for 20 min. RESULTS Higher concentrations of sevoflurane were required to induce LORR in GC-1-/- mice than in WT mice (1.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2%, respectively, n = 14 and 14, P < 0.0001). Similarly, RORR occurred at higher concentrations of sevoflurane in GC-1-/- mice than in WT mice (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1%, respectively, n = 14 and 14, P < 0.0001). Abundant GC-1α and GC-2α mRNA expression was detected in the cerebral cortex, medial habenula, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Inhaling 1.2% sevoflurane for 20 min increased cGMP levels in the brains of WT mice from 2.6 ± 2.0 to 5.5 ± 3.7 pmol/mg protein (n = 13 and 10, respectively, P = 0.0355) but not in GC-1-/- mice. CONCLUSION Congenital deficiency of GC-1α abolished the ability of sevoflurane anesthesia to increase cGMP levels in the whole brain, and increased the concentration of sevoflurane required to induce LORR. Impaired NO-cGMP signaling raises the threshold for producing sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagasaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Wepler
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robrecht Thoonen
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sips
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kaitlin Allen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara M Burns
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium and Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Muenster
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Miller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Solt
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Hayashiuchi M, Kitayama T, Morita K, Yamawaki Y, Oue K, Yoshinaka T, Asano S, Harada K, Kang Y, Hirata M, Irifune M, Okada M, Kanematsu T. General anesthetic actions on GABA A receptors in vivo are reduced in phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein knockout mice. J Anesth 2017; 31:531-8. [PMID: 28389811 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the action of general anesthetics in phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP)-knockout (KO) mice that alter GABAA receptor signaling. METHODS PRIP regulates the intracellular trafficking of β subunit-containing GABAA receptors in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of intravenous anesthetics, propofol and etomidate that act via β subunit-containing GABAA receptors, in wild-type and Prip-KO mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a drug, and a loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay and an electroencephalogram analysis were performed. RESULTS The cell surface expression of GABAA receptor β3 subunit detected by immunoblotting was decreased in Prip-knockout brain compared with that in wild-type brain without changing the expression of other GABAA receptor subunits. Propofol-treated Prip-KO mice exhibited significantly shorter duration of LORR and had lower total anesthetic score than wild-type mice in the LORR assay. The average duration of sleep time in an electroencephalogram analysis was shorter in propofol-treated Prip-KO mice than in wild-type mice. The hypnotic action of etomidate was also reduced in Prip-KO mice. However, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, had similar effects in the two genotypes. CONCLUSION PRIP regulates the cell surface expression of the GABAA receptor β3 subunit and modulates general anesthetic action in vivo. Elucidation of the involved regulatory mechanisms of GABAA receptor-dependent signaling would inform the development of safer anesthetic therapies for clinical applications.
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18
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Milewski K, Hilgier W, Fręśko I, Polowy R, Podsiadłowska A, Zołocińska E, Grymanowska AW, Filipkowski RK, Albrecht J, Zielińska M. Carnosine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Reverses Attenuation of Righting and Postural Reflexes in Rats with Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Failure. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:376-84. [PMID: 26801175 PMCID: PMC4773466 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral oxidative stress (OS) contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Existing evidence suggests that systemic administration of l-histidine (His) attenuates OS in brain of HE animal models, but the underlying mechanism is complex and not sufficiently understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine, Car) may be neuroprotective in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver failure in rats and that, being His metabolite, may mediate the well documented anti-OS activity of His. Amino acids [His or Car (100 mg/kg)] were administrated 2 h before TAA (i.p., 300 mg/kg 3× in 24 h intervals) injection into Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were thus tested for: (i) brain prefrontal cortex and blood contents of Car and His, (ii) amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSSG/GSH ratio and thioredoxin reductase (TRx) activity, and (iii) behavioral changes (several models were used, i.e. tests for reflexes, open field, grip test, Rotarod). Brain level of Car was reduced in TAA rats, and His administration significantly elevated Car levels in control and TAA rats. Car partly attenuated TAA-induced ROS production and reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, whereas the increase of TRx activity in TAA brain was not significantly modulated by Car. Further, Car improved TAA-affected behavioral functions in rats, as was shown by the tests of righting and postural reflexes. Collectively, the results support the hypothesis that (i) Car may be added to the list of neuroprotective compounds of therapeutic potential on HE and that (ii) Car mediates at least a portion of the OS-attenuating activity of His in the setting of TAA-induced liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Milewski
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inez Fręśko
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Polowy
- Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podsiadłowska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zołocińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta W Grymanowska
- Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert K Filipkowski
- Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Albrecht
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Abstract
Research models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) hold significant validity towards the human condition, with each model replicating a subset of clinical features and symptoms. After 30 years of characterization and implementation, fluid percussion injury (FPI) is firmly recognized as a clinically relevant model of TBI, encompassing concussion through severe injury. The midline variation of FPI may best represent mild and diffuse clinical brain injury, because of the acute behavioral deficits, the late onset of subtle behavioral morbidities, and the absence of gross histopathology. This chapter outlines the procedures for midline (diffuse) FPI in adult male rats and mice. With these procedures, it becomes possible to generate brain-injured laboratory animals for studies of injury-induced pathophysiology and behavioral deficits, for which rational therapeutic interventions can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Rowe
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, 85004, AZ, USA
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R Griffiths
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, 85004, AZ, USA.
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is an incredibly versatile organism capable of both innate and higher-order behaviors. These behaviors offer not only a way to assay whether or not the animal is physiologically compromised (e.g., feeding, locomotion), but also serve to assess changes in centrally mediated functions. Here we describe several high throughput, reproducible, yet inexpensive and facile behavioral assays for both larval and adult Drosophila. The larval assays all employ an agar substrate in a petri dish; the adult assays are grouped into "vial-based" and "arena-based" paradigms. While these protocols are largely designed to assess individual animals, they are sufficiently rapid that ample numbers can be tested to determine behavioral significance. Importantly, this also allows for one to control for reproductive status, age, and sex, since these factors all have a significant impact on adult behaviors. In general, it is best to designate a dedicated area for any assay, so that lighting conditions are consistent, and all animals should be tested at roughly the same time each day to minimize circadian fluctuations. Temperature and humidity should also be maintained at a constant level to minimize variability in the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi S Neckameyer
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Parag Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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21
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Abstract
Postural instability is a key feature of Parkinson Disease that is associated with falls and morbidity. We designed a pull apparatus to quantitatively measure the force needed to pull subjects off-balance. Thirteen Controls and eight individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) were evaluated. All individuals with PD reported subjective symptoms of postural instability and were symptomatic for approximately 9.4years when tested. No significant differences were found between Controls and PD subjects in the magnitude of force required to pull them off-balance. None of the Controls fell and all took a step into the direction of pull to maintain their balance. 59% of the time PD subjects fell because they did not take a step in the direction of pull to maintain their center of mass (COM) over their feet, thus indicating a deficiency in postural reflexes. If they fell on the first pull, PD subjects did not show a learning effect when pulled multiple times in the same direction. The utility of the Pull Test to detect postural instability is related to the subject's behavioral response, not the force needed to pull them off balance. Our findings may also help explain certain features of the PD gait as an attempt by subjects to avoid postural instability by not placing their COM in gravitationally unstable positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Kimmell
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vinay K Pulusu
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kersi J Bharucha
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elliott D Ross
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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22
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Akkaya A, Tekelioglu UY, Demirhan A, Erdurmus M, Apuhan T, Bayir H, Ayaz E, Kocoglu H. Locomotor differences in Mongolian gerbils with the effects of midazolam administration in the form of eye drops. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:195-200. [PMID: 26060479 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midazolam is a sedative-hypnotic agent with amnestic and anticonvulsant properties that can be administrated to mammals through various routes, such as intravenous, intramuscular, oral, intrathecal, rectal, and buccal. Midazolam administration in the form of eye drops through the conjunctiva is not reported in the literature. AIM This study aims to demonstrate the possible central nervous system effects of midazolam administration as eyes drops in Mongolian gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen gerbils were randomly assigned to one of two equal sized groups. The active arm received 2 ml of 10 mg midazolam as eye drops in both eyes. Control group received a total of 2 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). We subjected the gerbils to an adapted "Open Field" to determine the possible effects on central nervous system of midazolam. Gerbils were allowed to move freely in the open field. Before and after the drug administration, locomotor activities of each gerbil have been recorded. Frequency of loss of righting reflex was quantified. RESULTS Conjunctival midazolam administration resulted with the transient loss of righting reflex (p=0.017) and suppressed exploration motion (p=0.018) in the open field test compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, administration of conjunctival midazolam as an eye drop may affect gerbil's locomotor activities and open field behaviors. We argue that, using a sedative and anticonvulsive drug such as midazolam via conjunctival route may be useful in some clinical situations. Therefore, it could be beneficial to develop a new conjunctival formulation of midazolam. Also, there is a need for trials in humans with pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akcan Akkaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Umit Y Tekelioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Demirhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mesut Erdurmus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Apuhan
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hakan Bayir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erol Ayaz
- Department of Parasitology, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocoglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
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