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Tang H, Rui M, Mai J, Guo W, Xu Y. Reimaging biological barriers affecting distribution and extravasation of PEG/peptide- modified liposomes in xenograft SMMC7721 tumor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:546-556. [PMID: 32140398 PMCID: PMC7049609 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, as one of the most successful nanotherapeutics, have a major impact on many biomedical areas. In this study, we performed laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays to investigate the intra-tumor transport and antitumor mechanism of GE11 peptide-conjugated active targeting liposomes (GE11-TLs) in SMMC7721 xenograft model. According to classification of individual cell types in high resolution images, biodistribution of macrophages, tumor cells, cells with high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and interstitial matrix in tumor microenvironment, in addition, their impacts on intra-tumor penetration of GE11-TLs were estimated. Type I collagen fibers and macrophage flooded in the whole SMMC7721 tumor xenografts. Tumor angiogenesis was of great heterogeneity from the periphery to the center region. However, the receptor-binding site barriers were supposed to be the leading cause of poor penetration of GE11-TLs. We anticipate these images can give a deep reconsideration for rational design of target nanoparticles for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Tang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 13564527091, +86 10 67061033.
| | - Mengjie Rui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Gao X, Yao H, Mu Y, Guan P, Li G, Lin B, Jiang Y, Han L, Huang X, Jiang C. The antiproliferative effect of spectinabilins from Streptomyces spectabilis on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103311. [PMID: 31586709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spectinabilin (1), spectinabilin derivative (2), and a new analogue, 2-demethyl-spectinabilin (3) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a soil-borne Streptomyces spectabilis strain. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data analysis including data from CD spectra. Spectinabilin (1) demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 18.7 ± 3.1 to 34.6 ± 4.7 μM, while derivatives 2 and 3 showed weak cytotoxicities. Notably, 1 inhibited the growth and proliferation of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC7721 and HepG2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further study demonstrated that 1 caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells through decreasing the protein levels of cyclin B1 and cdc2 as well as increasing that of p21. Compound 1 downregulated the protein expression of Bcl-2, upregulated Bax, and activated the cleavage of caspase-9 and -3 as a result of inducing apoptosis in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of 1 in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells was mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, 1 also suppressed tumor growth in vivo though inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gao
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Yao
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiding Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenglin Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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Dai H, Jia G, Wang H, Yang J, Jiang H, Chu M. Epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation is involved in the induction of human hepatoma SMMC7721 cell proliferation by insufficient radiofrequency ablation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2463-2467. [PMID: 28789459 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) promotes the malignancy of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC7721 cells via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-induced overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aims of the present study were to address the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation in the enhanced SMMC7721 cell proliferation induced by insufficient RFA, in addition to its association with the CaMKII/ERK/VEGF signaling cascade. SMMC7721 cells were subjected to a 47°C treatment regimen to simulate insufficient RFA. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT and colony formation assays. The expression levels of VEGF, CaMKII, phosphorylated (phospho)-CaMKII, ERK, phospho-ERK, EGFR and phospho-EGFR were analyzed using western blotting. The results demonstrated that the enhancement of SMMC7721 cell proliferation by the 47°C treatment regimen was significantly inhibited by exposure of the cells to AG178 (a specific inhibitor of EGFR). Furthermore, AG1478 exposure prevented the overexpression of VEGF and phosphorylation of ERK, but had no significant effects on CaMKII phosphorylation. By contrast, 47°C treatment-induced EGFR phosphorylation was inhibited by treatment with KN93 (a specific inhibitor of CaMKII). Overall, the results of the present study have suggested a role for EGFR transactivation in the RFA-promoted growth of residual HCC. Thus, targeting EGFR may represent a useful preventive and therapeutic strategy for RFA-induced HCC progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Chu
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Chen J, Wang H, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang W. STAT1 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through induction of p53 and Fbxw7. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:111. [PMID: 26617467 PMCID: PMC4661940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Aberrant STAT1 signaling is observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been associated with the modulation of cell proliferation and survival. However, the role of STAT1 signaling in HCC and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. Methods We transiently transfected pcDNA3.1-STAT1 and STAT1 siRNA into SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR examined the expression of protein and RNA of target genes. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results We found that STAT1 overexpression increased protein expression of p53 and Fbxw7, and downregulated the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, Hes-1 and NF-κB p65. These changes led to growth inhibition and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Conversely, ablation of STAT1 had the opposite effect on p53, Fbxw7, Hes-1, NF-κB p65, cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, and improved the viability of SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Conclusions Our data indicate that STAT1 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in hepatocarcinogenesis through induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and may provide a basis for the design of new therapies for the intervention of HCC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 Zhejiang China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology of Fifth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, 163714 China
| | - Shishun Huang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Liu Z, Dai H, Jia G, Li Y, Liu X, Ren W. Insufficient radiofrequency ablation promotes human hepatoma SMMC7721 cell proliferation by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1893-1896. [PMID: 25789063 PMCID: PMC4356410 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to investigate the influence of insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on the cell proliferation of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, SMMC7721, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. SMMC7721 cells were subjected to a 47°C treatment regimen to simulate insufficient RFA, in the presence or absence of KN93 [a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)], PD98059 [a specific inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)], or axitinib (a specific inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor]. Cell proliferation was determined using a thiazolyl terazolium assay (MTT). The levels of CaMKII, phospho-CaMKII, ERK, phospho-ERK and VEGF were observed by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the 47°C treatment regimen: i) Triggered upregulation of VEGF expression in the SMMC7721 cells, which was reduced by CaMKII or ERK inhibition; ii) induced ERK activation was prevented by KN93; and iii) promoted SMMC7721 cell proliferation, which was greatly inhibited by axitinib, KN93 and PD98059. In conclusion, the results indicated that insufficient RFA promotes SMMC7721 cell proliferation by activating CaMKII/ERK-dependent VEGF overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Liu
- Ultrasound Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Ultrasound Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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