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Al Rawahi Y, Al Sunaidi O, Al-Masqari M, Al Jamei A, Rahamtalla D, Al-Maawali A. Biallelic variants of the first Kunitz domain of SPINT2 cause a non-syndromic form of congenital diarrhea and tufting enteropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63474. [PMID: 37960980 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic SPINT2 pathogenic variants cause a syndromic form of congenital diarrhea and enteropathy (OMIM 270420). To date, 35 patients have been reported and all presented with additional extra-intestinal features, apart from one case. We report on a 5-year-old girl who presented early in life with diarrhea and was found to have a novel homozygous variant in SPINT2. Pathological studies confirmed tufting enteropathy, and during her 5 years of life, she has not developed any extra-intestinal features. Molecular analysis detected a homozygous variant (NM_021102.4: c.203A>G (p. [Tyr68Cys]) in SPINT2. This is the first missense variant reported in the first Kunitz domain (KD1) of SPINT2 in humans. In vitro functional studies of this variant confirmed the deleterious effect leading to the loss of inhibitory activity of the intestinal serine proteases. This is the first description of SPINT2-related diarrhea in a patient who lived without long-term total parenteral nutrition. This study expands the clinical and molecular characteristics of SPINT2-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusriya Al Rawahi
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Omar Al Sunaidi
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Masqari
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Adawiya Al Jamei
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Dafalla Rahamtalla
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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2
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Goulet O, Pigneur B, Charbit-Henrion F. Congenital enteropathies involving defects in enterocyte structure or differentiation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56-57:101784. [PMID: 35331396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital enteropathies (CE) are a group of rare inherited diseases with a typical onset early in life. They involve defects in enterocyte structure or differentiation. They can cause a severe condition of intestinal failure (IF). The diagnostic approach is based first on clinical presentation (consanguinity, prenatal expression, polyhydramnios, early neonatal onset, aspect of stools, persistence at bowel rest, associated extra-digestive manifestations….) and histo-pathological analyses. These rare intestinal diseases cause protracted diarrhea that might resolve, for a few, with a dietetic approach. However, protracted or permanent IF may require long term parenteral nutrition and, in limited cases, intestinal transplantation. With the progresses in both clinical nutrition and genetics, many of these CE are nowadays associated with recognized gene mutations. It improved our knowledge and the understanding in the patho-physiology of these diseases, thus, leading potentially to therapeutic perspectives. These review cover most of the early onset CE and excludes the immune related diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Goulet
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Paris-Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France.
| | - Bénédicte Pigneur
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Paris-Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France
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3
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Bernhard SV, Seget-Trzensiok K, Kuffer C, Krastev DB, Stautmeister LM, Theis M, Keuper K, Boekenkamp JE, Kschischo M, Buchholz F, Storchova Z. Loss of USP28 and SPINT2 expression promotes cancer cell survival after whole genome doubling. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 45:103-119. [PMID: 34962618 PMCID: PMC8881269 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole genome doubling is a frequent event during cancer evolution and shapes the cancer genome due to the occurrence of chromosomal instability. Yet, erroneously arising human tetraploid cells usually do not proliferate due to p53 activation that leads to CDKN1A expression, cell cycle arrest, senescence and/or apoptosis. Methods To uncover the barriers that block the proliferation of tetraploids, we performed a RNAi mediated genome-wide screen in a human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116). Results We identified 140 genes whose depletion improved the survival of tetraploid cells and characterized in depth two of them: SPINT2 and USP28. We found that SPINT2 is a general regulator of CDKN1A transcription via histone acetylation. Using mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation, we found that USP28 interacts with NuMA1 and affects centrosome clustering. Tetraploid cells accumulate DNA damage and loss of USP28 reduces checkpoint activation, thus facilitating their proliferation. Conclusions Our results indicate three aspects that contribute to the survival of tetraploid cells: (i) increased mitogenic signaling and reduced expression of cell cycle inhibitors, (ii) the ability to establish functional bipolar spindles and (iii) reduced DNA damage signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-021-00654-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vanessa Bernhard
- Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kuffer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74/PF 64, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Stautmeister
- Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mirko Theis
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74/PF 64, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Keuper
- Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Boekenkamp
- Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen, Germany
| | - Maik Kschischo
- Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74/PF 64, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Prasad H, Visweswariah SS. Impaired Intestinal Sodium Transport in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From the Passenger to the Driver's Seat. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:277-92. [PMID: 33744482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although impaired intestinal sodium transport has been described for decades as a ubiquitous feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whether and how it plays a pivotal role in the ailment has remained uncertain. Our identification of dominant mutations in receptor guanylyl cyclase 2C as a cause of IBD-associated familial diarrhea syndrome brought a shift in the way we envision impaired sodium transport. Is this just a passive collateral effect resulting from intestinal inflammation, or is it a crucial regulator of IBD pathogenesis? This review summarizes the mutational spectrum and underlying mechanisms of monogenic IBD associated with congenital sodium diarrhea. We constructed a model proposing that impaired sodium transport is an upstream pathogenic factor in IBD. The review also synthesized emerging insights from microbiome and animal studies to suggest how sodium malabsorption can serve as a unifying mediator of downstream pathophysiology. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying salt and water transport in the intestine will provide newer approaches for understanding the ion-microbiome-immune cross-talk that serves as a driver of IBD. Model systems, such as patient-derived enteroids or induced pluripotent stem cell models, are warranted to unravel the role of individual genes regulating sodium transport and to develop more effective epithelial rescue and repair therapies.
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Ernst J, Hiasat J, Alabek ML, Scanga HL, Motley W, Nischal KK. Expansion of the ophthalmic phenotype of SPINT2-related syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1270-1274. [PMID: 33547739 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl presented with treatment-refractory dry eye and recurrent episodes of eye pain. She had been previously diagnosed with syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (SCSD) caused by a pathogenic variant in SPINT2. Her local pediatric ophthalmologist had made the diagnosis of severe dry eye with corneal erosions, based on which, we arranged an eye exam under anesthesia (EUA) and punctal plug placement. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal photographs were taken during the procedure. There are reports describing similar ophthalmic findings in this syndrome. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to document OCT imaging and corneal photographs in a patient with SCSD, which we feel expands the ophthalmic phenotype of this rare genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ernst
- Eye Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jamila Hiasat
- Eye Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle L Alabek
- Eye Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah L Scanga
- Eye Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Motley
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ken K Nischal
- Eye Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wu Q, Yin G, Luo J, Zhang Y, Ai T, Tian J, Jin Y, Lei J, Liu S. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of SPINT1/2 in Breast Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665666. [PMID: 34381422 PMCID: PMC8351597 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling plays a plethora of roles in tumorigenesis and progression in many cancer types. As HGF activator inhibitors, serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz types 1 and 2 (SPINT1 and SPINT2) have been reported to be differentially expressed in breast cancer, but their prognostic significance and functioning mechanism remain unclear. METHODS In our study, multiple databases and bioinformatics tools were used to investigate SPINT1/2 expression profiles, prognostic significance, genetic alteration, methylation, and regulatory network in breast carcinoma. RESULTS SPINT1/2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer, and was relatively higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and node positive patients. Elevated SPINT1/2 expression was significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis. Genetic alterations and SPINT1/2 hypomethylation were observed. In breast carcinoma, SPINT1/2 were reciprocally correlated and shared common co-expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that their common co-expressed genes were primarily involved in regulating cell attachment and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the expression profiles, prognostic significance and potential roles of SPINT1/2 in breast carcinoma. These study results showed that the SPINT1/2 were potential prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Ai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Chongqing Kangxin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudi Jin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchun Liu,
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Iacobas DA. Biomarkers, Master Regulators and Genomic Fabric Remodeling in a Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1030. [PMID: 32887258 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Publicly available (own) transcriptomic data have been analyzed to quantify the alteration in functional pathways in thyroid cancer, establish the gene hierarchy, identify potential gene targets and predict the effects of their manipulation. The expression data have been generated by profiling one case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and genetically manipulated BCPAP (papillary) and 8505C (anaplastic) human thyroid cancer cell lines. The study used the genomic fabric paradigm that considers the transcriptome as a multi-dimensional mathematical object based on the three independent characteristics that can be derived for each gene from the expression data. We found remarkable remodeling of the thyroid hormone synthesis, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2 (SPINT2) was identified as the Gene Master Regulator of the investigated PTC. The substantial increase in the expression synergism of SPINT2 with apoptosis genes in the cancer nodule with respect to the surrounding normal tissue (NOR) suggests that SPINT2 experimental overexpression may force the PTC cells into apoptosis with a negligible effect on the NOR cells. The predictive value of the expression coordination for the expression regulation was validated with data from 8505C and BCPAP cell lines before and after lentiviral transfection with DDX19B.
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8
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Straus MR, Kinder JT, Segall M, Dutch RE, Whittaker GR. SPINT2 inhibits proteases involved in activation of both influenza viruses and metapneumoviruses. Virology 2020; 543:43-53. [PMID: 32056846 PMCID: PMC7112099 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viruses possessing class I fusion proteins require proteolytic activation by host cell proteases to mediate fusion with the host cell membrane. The mammalian SPINT2 gene encodes a protease inhibitor that targets trypsin-like serine proteases. Here we show the protease inhibitor, SPINT2, restricts cleavage-activation efficiently for a range of influenza viruses and for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). SPINT2 treatment resulted in the cleavage and fusion inhibition of full-length influenza A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) HA, A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) HA, A/Shanghai/2/2013 (H7N9) HA and HMPV F when activated by trypsin, recombinant matriptase or KLK5. We also demonstrate that SPINT2 was able to reduce viral growth of influenza A/CA/04/09 H1N1 and A/X31 H3N2 in cell culture by inhibiting matriptase or TMPRSS2. Moreover, inhibition efficacy did not differ whether SPINT2 was added at the time of infection or 24 h post-infection. Our data suggest that the SPINT2 inhibitor has a strong potential to serve as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco R Straus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
| | - Jonathan T Kinder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michal Segall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - Gary R Whittaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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9
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Pereira MS, Celeiro SP, Costa ÂM, Pinto F, Popov S, de Almeida GC, Amorim J, Pires MM, Pinheiro C, Lopes JM, Honavar M, Costa P, Pimentel J, Jones C, Reis RM, Viana-Pereira M. Loss of SPINT2 expression frequently occurs in glioma, leading to increased growth and invasion via MMP2. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:107-121. [PMID: 31701492 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade gliomas (HGG) remain one of the most aggressive tumors, which is primarily due to its diffuse infiltrative nature. Serine proteases and metalloproteases are known to play key roles in cellular migration and invasion mechanisms. SPINT2, also known as HAI-2, is an important serine protease inhibitor that can affect MET signaling. SPINT2 has been found to be frequently downregulated in various tumors, whereby hypermethylation of its promoter appears to serve as a common mechanism. Here, we assessed the clinical relevance of SPINT2 expression and promoter hypermethylation in pediatric and adult HGG and explored its functional role. METHODS A series of 371 adult and 77 pediatric primary HGG samples was assessed for SPINT2 protein expression (immunohistochemistry) and promoter methylation (methylation-specific PCR) patterns. After SPINT2 knockdown and knock-in in adult and pediatric HGG cell lines, a variety of in vitro assays was carried out to determine the role of SPINT2 in glioma cell viability and invasion, as well as their mechanistic associations with metalloprotease activities. RESULTS We found that SPINT2 protein expression was frequently absent in adult (85.3%) and pediatric (100%) HGG samples. The SPINT2 gene promoter was found to be hypermethylated in approximately half of both adult and pediatric gliomas. Through functional assays we revealed a suppressor activity of SPINT2 in glioma cell proliferation and viability, as well as in their migration and invasion. These functions appear to be mediated in part by MMP2 expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dysregulation of SPINT2 is a common event in both pediatric and adult HGG, in which SPINT2 may act as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santos Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pires Celeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergey Popov
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Júlia Amorim
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo Pires
- Unity of Neuropathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Pinheiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Graumann J, Finkernagel F, Reinartz S, Stief T, Brödje D, Renz H, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Worzfeld T, Pogge von Strandmann E, Müller R. Multi-platform Affinity Proteomics Identify Proteins Linked to Metastasis and Immune Suppression in Ovarian Cancer Plasma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1150. [PMID: 31737572 PMCID: PMC6839336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A central reason behind the poor clinical outcome of patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary is the difficulty in reliably detecting early occurrence or recurrence of this malignancy. Biomarkers that provide reliable diagnosis of this disease are therefore urgently needed. Systematic proteomic methods that identify HGSC-associated molecules may provide such biomarkers. We applied the antibody-based proximity extension assay (PEA) platform (Olink) for the identification of proteins that are upregulated in the plasma of OC patients. Using binders targeting 368 different plasma proteins, we compared 20 plasma samples from HGSC patients (OC-plasma) with 20 plasma samples from individuals with non-malignant gynecologic disorders (N-plasma). We identified 176 proteins with significantly higher levels in OC-plasma compared to N-plasma by PEA (p < 0.05 by U-test; Benjamini-Hochberg corrected), which are mainly implicated in immune regulation and metastasis-associated processes, such as matrix remodeling, adhesion, migration and proliferation. A number of these proteins have not been reported in previous studies, such as BCAM, CDH6, DDR1, N2DL-2 (ULBP2), SPINT2, and WISP-1 (CCN4). Of these SPINT2, a protease inhibitor mainly derived from tumor cells within the HGSC microenvironment, showed the highest significance (p < 2 × 10−7) similar to the previously described IL-6 and PVRL4 (NECTIN4) proteins. Results were validated by means of the aptamer-based 1.3 k SOMAscan proteomic platform, which revealed a high inter-platform correlation with a median Spearman ρ of 0.62. Likewise, ELISA confirmed the PEA data for 10 out of 12 proteins analyzed, including SPINT2. These findings suggest that in contrast to other entities SPINT2 does not act as a tumor suppressor in HGSC. This is supported by data from the PRECOG and KM-Plotter meta-analysis databases, which point to a tumor-type-specific inverse association of SPINT2 gene expression with survival. Our data also demonstrate that both the PEA and SOMAscan affinity proteomics platforms bear considerable potential for the unbiased discovery of novel disease-associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stief
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dörte Brödje
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Biology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Liu F, Cox CD, Chowdhury R, Dovek L, Nguyen H, Li T, Li S, Ozer B, Chou A, Nguyen N, Wei B, Antonios J, Soto H, Kornblum H, Liau L, Prins R, Nghiemphu PL, Yong W, Cloughesy T, Lai A. SPINT2 is hypermethylated in both IDH1 mutated and wild-type glioblastomas, and exerts tumor suppression via reduction of c-Met activation. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:423-34. [PMID: 30838489 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both IDH1-mutated and wild-type gliomas abundantly display aberrant CpG island hypermethylation. However, the potential role of hypermethylation in promoting gliomas, especially the most aggressive form, glioblastoma (GBM), remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed RRBS-generated methylation profiles for 11 IDH1WT gliomas (including 7 GBMs), 24 IDH1MUT gliomas (including 6 GBMs), and 5 normal brain samples and employed TCGA GBM methylation profiles as a validation set. Upon classification of differentially methylated CpG islands by IDH1 status, we used integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression to identify SPINT2 as a top cancer related gene. To explore functional consequences of SPINT2 methylation in GBM, we validated SPINT2 methylation status using targeted bisulfite sequencing in a large cohort of GBM samples. We assessed DNA methylation-mediated SPINT2 gene regulation using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, DNMT1 knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. We conducted functional analyses of SPINT2 in GBM cell lines in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified SPINT2 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene within a group of CpG islands (designated GT-CMG) that are hypermethylated in both IDH1MUT and IDH1WT gliomas but not in normal brain. We established that SPINT2 downregulation results from promoter hypermethylation, and that restoration of SPINT2 expression reduces c-Met activation and tumorigenic properties of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS We defined a previously under-recognized group of coordinately methylated CpG islands common to both IDH1WT and IDH1MUT gliomas (GT-CMG). Within GT-CMG, we identified SPINT2 as a top cancer-related candidate and demonstrated that SPINT2 suppressed GBM via down-regulation of c-Met activation.
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12
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Hirabayashi KE, Moore AT, Mendelsohn BA, Taft RJ, Chawla A, Perry D, Henry D, Slavotinek A. Congenital sodium diarrhea and chorioretinal coloboma with optic disc coloboma in a patient with biallelic SPINT2 mutations, including p.(Tyr163Cys). Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:997-1000. [PMID: 29575628 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sodium diarrhea is a rare and life-threatening disorder characterized by a severe, secretory diarrhea containing high concentrations of sodium, leading to hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. It may occur in isolation or in association with systemic features such as facial dysmorphism, choanal atresia, imperforate anus, and corneal erosions. Mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz-Type 2 (SPINT2) gene have been associated with congenital sodium diarrhea and additional syndromic features. We present a child with congenital sodium diarrhea, cleft lip and palate, corneal erosions, optic nerve coloboma, and intermittent exotropia who was found to have biallelic mutations in SPINT2. One mutation, c.488A > G, predicting p.(Tyr163Cys), has been previously associated with a syndromic form of congenital sodium diarrhea. The other mutation, c.166_167dupTA, predicting p.(Asn57Thrfs*24) has not previously been reported and is likely a novel pathogenic variant for this disorder. We found only one other report of an optic nerve coloboma associated with SPINT2 mutations and this occurred in a patient with congenital tufting enteropathy. Our patient confirms an association of ocular coloboma with presumed loss of SPINT2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Hirabayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Clinical Genomics Research, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Aditi Chawla
- Clinical Genomics Research, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Denise Perry
- Clinical Genomics Research, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Duncan Henry
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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13
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Fukushima T, Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Yamashita F, Izumi A, Kaieda T, Takezaki Y, Itoh H, Takeshima H, Kataoka H. Aberrant methylation and silencing of the SPINT2 gene in high-grade gliomas. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2970-2979. [PMID: 29987920 PMCID: PMC6125435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (HAI‐2), encoded by the SPINT2 gene, is a membrane‐anchored protein that inhibits proteases involved in the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand of MET receptor. Epigenetic silencing of the SPINT2 gene has been reported in a human glioblastoma cell line (U87) and glioblastoma‐derived cancer stem cells. However, the incidence of SPINT2 methylation in tumor tissues obtained from glioma patients is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of the SPINT2 gene of eight human glioblastoma cell lines and surgically resected glioma tissues of different grades (II, III, and IV) by bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation‐specific PCR. Most glioblastoma lines (7/8) showed methylation of the SPINT2 gene with a significantly reduced level of SPINT2mRNA compared to cultured astrocytes and normal brain tissues. However, all glioblastoma lines expressed mRNA for HGF activator (HGFAC), a target protease of HAI‐2/SPINT2. Forced expression of SPINT2 reduced MET phosphorylation of U87 glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Methylation‐specific PCR analysis of the resected glioma tissues indicated notable methylation of the SPINT2 gene in 33.3% (2/6), 71.4% (10/14), and 74.3% (26/35) of grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively. Analysis of RNA sequencing data in a public database indicated an increased HGFAC/SPINT2 expression ratio in high‐grade compared to low‐grade gliomas (P = .01). In summary, aberrant methylation of the SPINT2 gene is frequently observed in high‐grade gliomas and might confer MET signaling in the glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Izumi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaieda
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Takezaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hideo Takeshima
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the malignant tumors which seriously threaten the women health worldwide. SPINT2 is an endogenous inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator and down regulated or even silenced in many human malignant tumors. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the promoter methylation status of SPINT2 gene and the effect on its expression in cervical carcinoma. METHODS HPV-positive and -negative cervical cancer cell lines, 50 cases of cervical carcinoma tissues, and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues were used for this study. The methylation status of promoter and the first exon of SPINT2 gene were analyzed. The expression of SPINT2 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS HPV E6/E7 infection affects SPINT2 methylation rate in cell lines. SPINT2 methylation rate of HT-3E6/E7 was 8.8%, while the methylation rate of SPINT2 in HT-3 was 0%. In cervical tissues, the methylation rate of SPINT2 in cervical cancers was 54%, while the methylation rate of SPINT2 in normal cervical samples was 25%. As for cervical cancers, the methylation rate of SPINT2 gene was higher in grade 3 than those of grade 2. CONCLUSIONS The expression of SPINT2 gene is regulated by its methylation status, and the methylation status of SPINT2 is altered by HPV infection. The aberrant methylation status of SPINT2 gene may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
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15
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Roversi FM, Olalla Saad ST, Machado-Neto JA. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 ( SPINT2) in cancer development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:278-86. [PMID: 29499401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis and mechanisms involved in neoplastic transformation and progression is important for the development of novel selective target therapeutic strategies. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival, migration and motility of cancer cells. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2) binds to and inactivates the HGF activator (HGFA), behaving as an HGFA inhibitor (HAI) and impairing the conversion of pro-HGF into bioactive HGF. The scope of the present review is to recapitulate and review the evidence of SPINT2 participation in cancer development and progression, exploring the clinical, biological and functional descriptions of the involvement of this protein in diverse neoplasias. Most studies are in agreement as to the belief that, in a large range of human cancers, the SPINT2 gene promoter is frequently methylated, resulting in the epigenetic silence of this gene. Functional assays indicate that SPINT2 reactivation ameliorates the malignant phenotype, specifically reducing cell viability, migration and invasion in diverse cancer cell lines. In sum, the SPINT2 gene is epigenetically silenced or downregulated in human cancers, altering the balance of HGF activation/inhibition ratio, which contributes to cancer development and progression.
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16
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Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi M, Shimomura T, Izumi A, Konari K, Honda A, Lin CY, Johnson MD, Yamashita Y, Fukushima T, Kataoka H. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-2 (HAI-2)/ SPINT2 contributes to invasive growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11691-706. [PMID: 29545930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2 are membrane-anchored protease inhibitors having homologous Kunitz-type inhibitor domains. They regulate membrane-anchored serine proteases, such as matriptase and prostasin. Whereas HAI-1 suppresses the neoplastic progression of keratinocytes to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through matriptase inhibition, the role of HAI-2 in keratinocytes is poorly understood. In vitro homozygous knockout of the SPINT2 gene suppressed the proliferation of two oral SCC (OSCC) lines (SAS and HSC3) but not the growth of a non-tumorigenic keratinocyte line (HaCaT). Reversion of HAI-2 abrogated the growth suppression. Matrigel invasion of both OSCC lines was also suppressed by the loss of HAI-2. The levels of prostasin protein were markedly increased in HAI-2-deficient cells, and knockdown of prostasin alleviated the HAI-2 loss-induced suppression of OSCC cell invasion. Therefore, HAI-2 has a pro-invasive role in OSCC cells through suppression of prostasin. In surgically resected OSCC tissues, HAI-2 immunoreactivity increased along with neoplastic progression, showing intense immunoreactivities in invasive OSCC cells. In summary, HAI-2 is required for invasive growth of OSCC cells and may contribute to OSCC progression.
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17
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Pereira MS, de Almeida GC, Pinto F, Viana-Pereira M, Reis RM. SPINT2 Deregulation in Prostate Carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:32-41. [PMID: 26442953 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415612874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SPINT2 is a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits proteases implicated in cancer progression, like HGFA, hepsin and matriptase. Loss of SPINT2 expression in tumors has been associated with gene promoter hypermethylation; however, little is known about the mechanisms of SPINT2 deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to analyze SPINT2 expression levels and understand the possible regulation by SPINT2 promoter hypermethylation in PCa. In a cohort of 57 cases including non-neoplastic and PCa tissues, SPINT2 expression and promoter methylation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Methylation status of the SPINT2 promoter was also evaluated by bisulfite sequencing and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Oncomine and TCGA databases were used to perform in silico PCa analysis of SPINT2 mRNA and methylation levels. A reduction in SPINT2 expression levels from non-neoplastic to PCa tissues was observed; however, none of the cases exhibited SPINT2 promoter methylation. Both bisulfite sequencing and 5-aza demonstrated that SPINT2 promoter is not methylated in PCa cells. Bioinformatics approaches did not show downregulation of SPINT2 at the mRNA level and, in corroboration with our results, SPINT2 promoter region is reported to be unmethylated. Our study suggests an involvement of SPINT2 in PCa tumorigenesis, probably in association with a post-translational regulation of SPINT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santos Pereira
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR)
| | | | - Filipe Pinto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR),ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR)
| | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR),ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR)
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR),ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (MSP, FP, MVP, RMR),Molecular Oncology Research Center ,Barretos Cancer Hospital, S. Paulo, Brazil(RMR)
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18
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Lee EJ, Rath P, Liu J, Ryu D, Pei L, Noonepalle SK, Shull AY, Feng Q, Litofsky NS, Miller DC, Anthony DC, Kirk MD, Laterra J, Deng L, Xin HB, Wang X, Choi JH, Shi H. Identification of Global DNA Methylation Signatures in Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cells. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:355-71. [PMID: 26233891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The existence of a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy is one proposed mechanism leading to the resilient behavior of tumor cells and poor prognosis. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the DNA methylation landscape in GBM-derived cancer stem cells (GSCs). Parallel comparisons of primary tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls (a neural stem cell (NSC) line and normal brain tissue) identified groups of hyper- and hypomethylated genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1 and PTPRN2. These unique DNA methylation signatures were also found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors indicating that they are not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down-regulated in GBMs such as SPINT2, NEFM and PENK. Forced re-expression of SPINT2 reduced glioma cell proliferative capacity, anchorage independent growth, cell motility, and tumor sphere formation in vitro. The results from this study demonstrate that GSCs possess unique epigenetic signatures that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joon Lee
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prakash Rath
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimei Liu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dungsung Ryu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lirong Pei
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Austin Y Shull
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qi Feng
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University and Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mark D Kirk
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc. and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Huidong Shi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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19
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Yue D, Fan Q, Chen X, Li F, Wang L, Huang L, Dong W, Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang F, Wang M, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Epigenetic inactivation of SPINT2 is associated with tumor suppressive function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2013; 322:149-58. [PMID: 24269829 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (SPINT2), a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor, has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene silenced by promoter methylation. We aimed to investigate whether SPINT2 might act as an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor suppressor gene. Four ESCC cell lines, Fifty-two ESCC tissues and twenty-nine neighboring non-cancerous tissues were included in this study. The expression of SPINT2 was monitored by real time PCR. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylation-specific PCR were used to analyze methylation status. The effect of SPINT2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in EC109 and EC9706 cells was observed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometric analysis. We found that silencing of SPINT2 was associated with promoter methylation in ESCC cell lines. The densely methylated SPINT2 promoter region was confirmed by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Ectopic expression of SPINT2 inhibited cell proliferation through inducing cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, methylation-specific PCR analysis revealed that SPINT2 promoter methylation was prominent in carcinoma tissues (52.08%) compared with neighboring non-cancerous tissues (22.58%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with SPINT2 hypermethylation had shorter survival time. The tumor suppressor gene of SPINT2 is commonly silenced by promoter hypermethylation in human ESCC and SPINT2 hypermethylation is correlated with poor overall survival, implicating SPINT2 is an underlying prognostic marker for human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Yue
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lan Huang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The institute of Clinical-Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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