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Chen CX, Zhang JH, Li SX, Chan KCC, Li AM, Kong APS, Chan JWY, Wing YK, Chan NY. Secular trends in sleep and circadian problems among adolescents in Hong Kong: From 2011-2012 to 2017-2019. Sleep Med 2024; 117:62-70. [PMID: 38513532 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate secular trends in sleep and circadian problems in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. METHODS This study analyzed cross-sectional data from two large-scale school-based sleep surveys conducted in 2011-2012 and 2017-2019. Sleep and circadian problems, including sleep-wake pattern, insomnia, chronotype, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep-related factors, were compared between two survey years. RESULTS A total of 8082 adolescents (5639 students in 2011-2012 [Mean age: 14.4 years, 50.9% boys] and 2443 students in 2017-2019 [Mean age: 14.7 years, 54.0% boys]) were included in this 7-year study. The average time in bed of Hong Kong adolescents decreased from 8.38 hours to 8.08 hours from 2011-2012 to 2017-2019. There was a 0.28-hour delay in weekday bedtime, 0.54-hour advance in weekend wake-up time, and a 0.36-hour decline in average time in bed, resulting in increased trends of sleep loss (Time in bed <8h: OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.44-2.93, p < 0.01; Time in bed <7h: OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.92-3.89, p < 0.01), daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.34-2.16, p < 0.01), and evening chronotype (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.08-1.48, p < 0.01). The increased trend in insomnia disorder, however, was insignificant when covariates were adjusted. CONCLUSION A secular trend of reduced time in bed, delay in weekday bedtime, advance in weekend wake-up time, increase in evening chronotype and daytime sleepiness from 2011-2012 to 2017-2019 were observed. There is a timely need for systematic intervention to promote sleep health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xie Chen
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ji-Hui Zhang
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kate Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lippuner K, Kyuchukova M, Schwab P, Rizzoli R. Differences in femoral fracture localizations in men and women in Switzerland between 1998 and 2021-reversal of the secular trend? Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:893-902. [PMID: 38396306 PMCID: PMC11031489 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Number and age-standardized incidences of femoral fractures by sex and localization were determined annually between 1998 and 2021 in subjects aged 45 years or older living in Switzerland. The number and incidences of femoral neck, pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, and femoral shaft fractures followed distinct unexpected trend patterns. INTRODUCTION Long-term incidence trends for femoral fractures by individual localizations are unknown. METHODS Annual absolute number of hospitalizations and median age at hospital admission between 1998 and 2021 were extracted from the medical database of the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics by sex and 10-year age groups for the following 10th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes: femoral neck (ICD-10 S72.0), pertrochanteric (S72.1), subtrochanteric (S72.2), and femoral shaft fractures (S72.3). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASI) and corresponding trends were calculated. RESULTS Over 24 years, the number of femoral neck fractures increased in men (+ 45%) but decreased in women (- 7%) with ASI significantly decreasing by 20% and 37% (p < 0.001 for trend for both), respectively. By contrast, the number of pertrochanteric fractures increased by 67% and 45% in men and women, respectively, corresponding to a horizontal ASI-trend in men (n.s.) and a modest significant decreasing ASI-trend in women (p < 0.001). The number of subtrochanteric fractures increased in both sexes with corresponding modest significant reductions in ASI-trends (p = 0.015 and 0.002, respectively). Femoral shaft fractures almost doubled in men (+ 71%) and doubled in women (+ 100%) with corresponding significant increases in ASI-trends (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Age at admission increased for all fracture localizations, more so in men than in women and more so for subtrochanteric and shaft fractures than for "typical" hip fractures. CONCLUSION Incidence changes of pertrochanteric fractures and femoral shaft fractures deserve increased attention, especially in men. Pooling diagnostic codes for defining hip fractures may hide differing patterns by localization and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lippuner
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariya Kyuchukova
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schwab
- Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kirchengast S, Waldhör T, Juan A, Yang L. Secular trends and regional pattern in body height of Austrian conscripts born between 1961 and 2002. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 53:101371. [PMID: 38428380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The human growth process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors. Therefore, regional differences in mean body heights may exist within a population or a state. In the present study, we described and evaluated the regional trends in mean body heights in the nine Austrian provinces over a period spanning more than four decades. Body height data of 1734569 male conscripts born in Austria with Austrian citizenship between 1961 and 2002 were anonymized and analyzed. From 1961 to 2002 birth cohorts, an overall increase in the mean body height of Austrian recruits was observed, although regional differences were evident. Regions with shorter body heights in the 1961-1963 birth cohorts showed a particularly pronounced increase in mean body heights. Meanwhile, the course of body height growth in the capital city, Vienna, was striking, where the highest body heights were documented for the 1961-1963 birth cohorts. In Vienna, mean body heights continued to decline until the 1984 birth cohort and increased again from the 1988 birth cohorts. In addition to economic factors, increased stress factors in an urban environment and a form of urban penalty are discussed as causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kirchengast
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhör
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd Street SW. Box ACB, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; Departments of Oncology & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Lix LM, Leslie WD, Kan B, Yang S. Secular Trends in Peak Bone Mineral Density: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01198-0. [PMID: 38522039 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Peak bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the most important factors influencing the development of osteoporosis. It was predicted that a 10% increase in peak BMD will delay the onset of osteoporosis by 13 years. However, changes in peak BMD over time are unknown. This study aimed to investigate secular trends in peak BMD among young adults in the United States. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2018, 3,975 males aged 19-28 years and 2370 females aged 31-40 years were our target population for estimating peak lumbar spine BMD. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models adjusted for multiple covariates were used to examine the secular trends in peak BMD in males and females, respectively. Secular trends for peak lumbar spine BMD from 1999-2000 to 2017-2018 were not statistically significant in males or females (all Plinear and Pquadratic > 0.05). Similar results were observed in race/ethnicity subgroups (all Plinear and Pquadratic > 0.05). However, in stratified analyses by obesity category, peak lumbar spine BMD in obese males and females increased from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 and then decreased until 2017-2018, while peak lumbar spine BMD in non-obese females decreased from 1999-2000 to 2005-2006 and then increased until 2017-2018 (all Pquadratic < 0.05). Peak lumbar spine BMD was greater in obese males and females than in non-obese males and females up to 2009-2010, but not from 2011-2012 onwards. Overall, there were no significant secular trends in peak lumbar spine BMD. However, secular trends differed between obese and non-obese groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linghua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Chan LL, Ho YY, Taylor ME, Mcveigh C, Jung S, Armstrong E, Close JC, Harvey LA. Incidence of fragility hip fracture across the Asia-pacific region: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105422. [PMID: 38579379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to update fragility hip fracture incidences in the Asia Pacific, and compare rates between countries/regions. METHOD A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases. Studies reporting data between 2010 and 2023 on the geographical incidences of hip fractures in individuals aged ≥50 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies reporting solely on high-trauma, atypical, or periprosthetic fractures. We calculated the crude incidence, age- and sex-standardised incidence, and the female-to-male ratio. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020162518). RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included across nine countries/regions (out of 41 countries/regions). The crude hip fracture incidence ranged from 89 to 341 per 100,000 people aged ≥50, with the highest observed in Australia, Taiwan, and Japan. Age- and sex-standardised rates ranged between 90 and 318 per 100,000 population and were highest in Korea and Japan. Temporal decreases in standardised rates were observed in Korea, China, and Japan. The female-to-male ratio was highest in Japan and lowest in China. CONCLUSION Fragility hip fracture incidence varied substantially within the Asia-Pacific region. This observation may reflect actual incidence differences or stem from varying research methods and healthcare recording systems. Future research should use consistent measurement approaches to enhance international comparisons and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Ly Chan
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y Y Ho
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Jalan Tanah Putih, Kuantan, Pahang 25100, Malaysia
| | - Morag E Taylor
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Mcveigh
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonya Jung
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Armstrong
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Ct Close
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lara A Harvey
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Queirolo EI, Kordas K, Martínez G, Ahmed Z, Barg G, Mañay N. Secular trends in blood lead concentrations of school-age children in Montevideo, Uruguay from 2009 to 2019. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123160. [PMID: 38104764 PMCID: PMC10922799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure continues to be a public health problem globally, yet very few countries perform systematic biomonitoring or surveillance of children's blood lead levels (BLLs). Secular trends in children's BLLs have not been well characterized outside North America and Europe. In 2009-19, we conducted a series of non-representative cross-sectional surveys in Montevideo, Uruguay, enrolling children living in areas of the city with known or suspected lead contamination. Lead was measured with atomic absorption spectrometry on fasting venous blood samples. Of the 856 children representing independent (non-sibling) observations, 759 had BLL measures. Other missing data were imputed. Using linear and logistic regression models, we estimated the covariate-adjusted year to year difference in mean BLL and the likelihood of having BLL ≥5 and BLL ≥3.5 μg/dL. At the start of the study, mean ± SD BLL was 4.8 ± 2.6 μg/dL, and at the end 1.4 ± 1.4 μg/dL. The prevalence of BLL ≥5 and BLL ≥3.5 μg/dL also differed markedly between 2009 and 2019 (30.8% vs. 2.7% and 53.8% vs. 5.8%). Similarly, where 80.8% of children had BLL ≥2 μg/dL in 2011, in 2019 that number was 19.3%. The estimated year to year difference in BLL was ∼0.3 μg/dL. Despite this progress, pediatric lead exposure remains a problem in Montevideo. In years 2015-19, between 19 and 48% of school children had BLL ≥2 μg/dL, a level at which adverse neurobehavioral outcomes continue to be reported in the literature. Continued prevention and risk-reduction efforts are needed in Montevideo, including systematic surveillance of BLLs in all children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Queirolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Zia Ahmed
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, 106 Cooke Hall, Buffalo NY, USA.
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Azegami T, Uchida K, Sato Y, Murai-Takeda A, Inokuchi M, Hayashi K, Mori M. Secular trends and age-specific distribution of blood pressure in Japanese adolescents aged 12-18 years in 2000-2019. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:184-194. [PMID: 37710036 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent blood pressure is a predictor of future risk for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and therefore its status needs to be accurately determined. However, limited evidence is available regarding the secular trends and distribution of adolescent blood pressure. In the present study, we assessed the secular trends and age-specific distributions of blood pressure in Japanese adolescents aged 12-18 years by using data drawn from 20 years of annual health checkups conducted between 2000 and 2019. Participants underwent health checkups every year for three years at the same school and the data were divided into four 5-year cycles: 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019. From a total of 124,460 records (33,496 individuals) retrieved, 3000 records (3000 individuals) from each year-cycle were randomly selected to avoid duplicating data from the same individuals. In the study period, in males systolic blood pressure showed a decreasing trend over time, whereas in females diastolic blood pressure showed an increasing trend. Subgroup analyses by school category (junior/senior high school) and by obesity category showed similar blood pressure trends as in the overall analysis. Age-specific blood pressure values in Japanese adolescents increased with age in males but not in females. Thus, different patterns of change in blood pressure values over the past 20 years were observed between males and females. Age-specific blood pressure distributions are also presented. Together, these findings will be useful for understanding blood pressure trends among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Keio University Health Center, Yokohama-shi, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Keio University Health Center, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Keio University Health Center, Yokohama-shi, Japan
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Niu D, Zhao Y, Wang J, Ye E, Huang J, Liu J, Huang X, Yue S, Hou X, Wu J. Secular trend in disease burden of leukemia and its subtypes in China from 1990 to 2019 and its projection in 25 years. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2375-2386. [PMID: 37468671 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia and its subtypes impose a major public health challenge in China. Identifying the secular trend of leukemia burden is critical to facilitate optimal healthcare planning and improve the management of leukemia. The incidence rates of leukemia from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database according to the following: subtype (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML], and other leukemia subtypes), sex, and age group. The average annual percentage changes and relative risks were calculated using joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort model, respectively. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was also applied to predict the future trend of the incidence of leukemia and its subtypes in the next 25 years. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of leukemia slightly declined in males and females, which is similar to the trend of other leukemia subtypes. However, the four major leukemia subtypes, namely, ALL, AML, CLL, and CML, have been on the rise over the past three decades. The incidence rates of leukemia in children and the elderly were considerably higher than those in other age groups in males and females. Age effects were the most influential risk factor for leukemia incidence. Period effects showed that the risks of leukemia and its subtypes incidence increased with time. For cohort effects, the risks of leukemia and its subtypes were higher among the early-born cohorts compared with the late-born cohorts. The ASIRs of leukemia and its subtypes will continue to increase in the next 25 years. The burden of leukemia and its subtypes is expected to continue to increase in the next 25 years in males and females. A comprehensive understanding of the risk characteristics and disease pattern of leukemia and its subtypes is needed to formulate timely and effective intervention measures to reduce the leukemia burden in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Niu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Enlin Ye
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Suru Yue
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Bogin B. What makes people grow? Love and hope. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:13. [PMID: 37443075 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hope and love are popular themes of literature and art in many human societies. The human physiology of love and hope is less well understood. This review presents evidence that the lack of love and/or hope delays growth disturbs development and maturation and even kills. MAIN BODY Love and hope intersect in promoting healthy human development. Love provides a sense of security and attachment, which are necessary for healthy physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Hope provides a sense of optimism and resilience in the face of adversity. Loving relationships can foster a sense of hope in individuals and in society by providing support systems during difficult times. Similarly, having a sense of hope can make it easier to form loving relationships by providing individuals with the confidence to connect with others. Hope and love are the fundamental basis of human biocultural reproduction, which is the human style of cooperation in the production, feeding, and care of offspring. Examples are given of the association between human growth in height with love and hope, including (1) the global "Long Depression" of 1873-1896, (2) "hospitalism" and the abuse/neglect of infants and children, (3) adoption, (4) international migration, (5) colonial conquest, and (6) social, economic, and political change in Japan between 1970 and 1990. CONCLUSION Overall, this review suggests that love and hope are both critical factors in promoting healthy human development and that they intersect in complex ways to support emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Bogin
- UCSD/Salk Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), San Diego, USA.
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, USA.
- Diversity Scholars Network, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Yang TH, Wang CY, Fu SH, Chan DC, Chen HM, Lin JW, Huang CF, Yang JJ, Wu CH, Hwang JS, Yang RS. Eleven years secular trend of the initiation of anti-osteoporosis medications and subsequent fractures in Taiwan: From 2008 to 2018. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122 Suppl 1:S36-S44. [PMID: 37280138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that benefits from many newly developed anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs). Reimbursement policies need to allocate medical budgets properly based on evidence-based data. This study aimed to investigate the 11-year secular trend, focusing on older age and males in this adjustment wave of the National Health Insurance reimbursement. METHODS We adopted a nationwide cohort from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients undergoing newly initiated AOMs from 2008 to 2018 were included. The AOMs in this study included denosumab, zoledronate, ibandronate, alendronate, raloxifene, and risedronate. Patients <50 years, pathological fractures, missing data, and two AOMs prescribed were excluded. The real-world trends related to subsequent fragility fracture and death within 1 and 3 years were used to evaluate the potential effects due to revision of reimbursement policies. RESULTS Of 393,092 patients, among them, 336,229 patients met the criteria, whose mean age ranged from 73.3 to 74.4 years, and nearly 80% were female. Further analysis showed a steady increase of AOMs from 5567 (17.1%) and 8802 (27.0%) in 2008-6697 (18.3%) and 10,793 (29.5%) in 2018 for males and 80+ years respectively. The subsequent fragility fracture within one and three years post AOMs initiation was 5.81% and 11.80% in 2018. CONCLUSION This study showed an immediate drop in AOMs prescription after the implementation of a new stricter reimbursement policy. It took 5 years to return the annual prescription number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, NTU BioMedical Park Hospital, NTUH Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Huai Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Min Chen
- Health Data Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Huang
- Division of Family Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jia Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Po Jen General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jawl-Shan Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang GungUniversit, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Wroński M. The full distribution of adult height in Poland: Cohorts born between 1920 and 1996. The biological cost of the economic transition. Econ Hum Biol 2023; 50:101261. [PMID: 37301173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Body height often serves as a proxy for economic progress. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of average height and height dispersion in Poland based on full administrative data on body height (n = 36,393,246). Especially for the cohorts between 1920 and 1950, we discuss the caveat of shrinking. In the cohorts born between 1920 and 1996, the average height of men increased by 10.15 cm, while the average height of women rose by 8.18 cm. Height increase was fastest in the years 1940 - 1980. After the economic transition, body height stagnated. Post-transition unemployment had negative effects on body height. Height declined in municipalities where there were State Agricultural Farms. Height dispersion decreased in the first decades under investigation and increased after the economic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wroński
- Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland.
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12
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Anastario M, Rink E, Firemoon P, Carnegie N, Johnson O, Peterson M, Rodriguez AM. Evidence of secular trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial examining sexual and reproductive health outcomes among Indigenous youth. Trials 2023; 24:248. [PMID: 37004106 PMCID: PMC10066013 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nen ŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo ("We Are Here Now," or NE) is an intervention to prevent STIs, HIV, HCV, and teen pregnancy among Assiniboine and Sioux youth of the Fort Peck Reservation in the state of Montana in the USA. A cluster-randomized stepped-wedge design (SWD) trial is used to evaluate NE, where clusters are schools. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there is evidence of a secular trend associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The original study design is a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge design (SWD), in which five schools that youth from Fort Peck attend are the clusters to be randomized into the intervention one at a time, with all schools eventually being randomized to the intervention across three steps. N/E is a 5-year study involving 456 15- to 18-year-old youth. For this study, we use a mixed quantitative and qualitative methods approach to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic may have been associated with the study's primary outcome variables. Data were drawn from the first cluster exposed to the intervention and one control cluster that did not yet receive the intervention during the period in which COVID-19 mitigation efforts were being implemented. A pre-post COVID questionnaire was added to core measures administered, and semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with youths regarding their perceptions of how the pandemic altered their sexual behaviors. RESULTS One hundred eighteen youth responded to the questionnaire and 31 youth participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Youth reporting having sex with less people due to COVID-19 reported more sex acts (incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.6, 95% CI 1.6-8.1) in comparison to those who did not report having sex with less people, and youth who reported having sex with the same amount of people due to COVID-19 reported less sex acts (IRR=0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.7) in comparison to those who did not report having sex with the same amount of people. Youth reporting having sex less times due to COVID-19 experienced a greater number of sex acts in comparison to those who did not report having sex less times (IRR=2.7, 1.2-6.4). Results suggest that more sexually active individuals reported perceiving having sex with less people and less frequent engagement in sex during the pandemic. It is possible that the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with a truncation in the distribution of sexual activity that would bias an estimate of the intervention's effect. CONCLUSION Findings suggest evidence of a secular trend. This trend must be accounted for at trial end, and sensitivity analyses are recommended. Documenting and reporting on these findings encourages transparent reporting during the implementation of a SWD trial during a global pandemic, and informs endline analyses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with the Clinical trials registry of the US National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It was registered on October 1, 2018. The study presented in this manuscript is funded by NIH National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Award # R01MD012761-01, Elizabeth Rink (Principal Investigator). The study's ClinicalTrials.gov number is NCT03694418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anastario
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, ACH5 11200 SW 8th St, Office 415, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Rodriguez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, ACH5 11200 SW 8th St, Office 415, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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13
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Tsai YS, Chen YC, Chen TI, Lee YK, Chiang CJ, You SL, Hsu WL, Liao LJ. Incidence trends of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers among males in Taiwan, 1980-2019: a population-based cancer registry study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 36879234 PMCID: PMC9987053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a country with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking, betel chewing, and alcohol drinking, cancers of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, and larynx were the fourth, twelfth and seventeenth leading causes of cancer death, respectively, for men in 2020. We analyzed patients with head and neck cancer from 1980 to 2019 from the Taiwan Cancer Registration Database and discussed the annual average percent change, average percent change, age period, and birth cohort. Obvious period effects and birth effects are seen in oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer; however, the most significant period effect was seen between 1990 and 2009, which mainly reflects the consumption of betel nuts per capita. In addition, the period effect lessens after 2010 in oral cancer and hypopharyngeal cancers, while oropharyngeal cancers remain an obvious period effect, which results from the rising prevalence of HPV. Due to the high prevalence rate of betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking in the 1990s, the government executed several acts. As a result, the age-adjusted incidence rates of oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancers have flattened since 2010, which can be explained by the declining cigarette smoking rate. The strict policy indeed shows an obvious effect on the head and neck cancer incidence rates, and we expect to see a further decline in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiun Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chen Chen
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kwang Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan. .,Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan. .,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance & Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Nakanishi Y, Furuta Y, Hata J, Yubi T, Oishi E, Sakata S, Hirakawa Y, Wakisaka Y, Ago T, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Long-Term Trends in The 5-Year Risk of Recurrent Stroke over A Half Century in A Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:1759-1773. [PMID: 35185108 PMCID: PMC9881531 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Secular trends in the risk of recurrent stroke have been reported in several epidemiological studies worldwide, but this issue has not been investigated in general Japanese populations. We examined the trends in the 5-year risk of recurrent stroke over a half century using community-based prospective data in Japan. METHODS We established 4 cohort studies in 1961, 1974, 1988, and 2002. To examine the risk of recurrent stroke, participants who developed stroke during a 10-year follow-up period in each cohort were followed-up for 5 years from the date of first onset. A total of 154 (first sub-cohort: 1961-1971), 144 (second sub-cohort: 1974-1984), 172 (third sub-cohort: 1988-1998), and 146 (fourth sub-cohort: 2002-2012) participants from each cohort were enrolled in the present study. The 5-year cumulative risk of recurrent stroke was compared among the sub-cohorts using the Kaplan-Meier method and the age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The risks of recurrent stroke after any stroke and ischemic stroke decreased significantly from the first to the third sub-cohort, but they did not clearly change from the third to the fourth sub-cohort. The risk of recurrent stroke after hemorrhagic stroke decreased mainly from the first to the second sub-cohort and there was no apparent decrease from the second to the fourth sub-cohort. These trends were substantially unchanged after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS In the Japanese community, the risk of recurrent stroke decreased mainly from the 1960s to 1990s, but there was no apparent decrease in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Division of Medical Engineering and Healthy Longevity, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yubi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurology, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Wu J, Chen L, Li X, Yue S, Huang X, Liu J, Hou X, Lai T. Trends in the prevalence of conduct disorder from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114907. [PMID: 36265191 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder is one of the least widely recognized and studied psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the burden of conduct disorder at the global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of conduct disorder slightly increased from 1990 to 2019 with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at 0.147. Males had a higher burden than females, but females had a greater increment in ASPRs than males over time. In 2019, the highest ASPR of conduct disorder was observed in Western Europe, followed by Eastern Europe, with the lowest one found in East Asia, then South Asia. However, the most significant increment in ASPRs was observed in high-income North America, followed by East Asia, and South Asia. The EAPCs at the national level were negatively associated with the ASPRs in 1990. The burden of conduct disorder continues to increase globally, especially in high-income North America, East Asia, and South Asia, and should have more attention focused on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Suru Yue
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Yoshimura N, Iidaka T, Horii C, Muraki S, Oka H, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T, Tanaka S. Trends in osteoporosis prevalence over a 10-year period in Japan: the ROAD study 2005-2015. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:829-838. [PMID: 36038673 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to clarify the trends in the prevalence of osteoporosis among general inhabitants using population-based cohort data of the baseline and the survey 10 years later. MATERIALS AND METHODS The baseline survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study was conducted in 2005-2007; 1690 participants (596 men, 1094 women, mean age 65.2 years) completed all examinations of osteoporosis, including a questionnaire of medical information in the present/past and bone mineral density measurement using dual-energy absorptiometry. The fourth survey was performed in 2015-2016; 1906 individuals (637 men, 1269 women, 65.0 years) completed assessments identical to those at the baseline survey. Osteoporosis was defined using the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of lumbar spine (L2-L4) osteoporosis at the baseline survey was 13.6% (men, 3.4%; women, 19.2%) and that at the fourth survey was 9.7% (men, 1.4%; women, 13.9%), which decreased significantly (p < 0.01), while that of the femoral neck was not significantly different between the baseline and fourth surveys. Regarding the prevalence of osteoporosis of L2-L4 or the femoral neck, the prevalence of osteoporosis in women aged ≥ 70 was 38.8% at the fourth survey and 48.9% at the baseline study; thus, the prevalence at the fourth survey was significantly lower than that at the baseline survey (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the population-based survey with a 10-year interval, the prevalence of osteoporosis at lumbar spine tended to decrease significantly. This preferable change in osteoporosis could contribute to the decrease in the occurrence of osteoporotic fracture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yoshimura
- Department of Prevention Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Iidaka
- Department of Prevention Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chiaki Horii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Muraki
- Department of Prevention Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | - Toru Akune
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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17
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Lin CR, Lee YK, Chiang CJ, Yang YW, Chang HC, You SL. Secular trends of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a high endemic area: A population-based study. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3695-3705. [PMID: 36161044 PMCID: PMC9372811 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. However, because of its scarcity there are limited population-based data available for investigations into its epidemiologic characteristics. In Taiwan, we have a national cancer registry database that can be used to evaluate the secular trends of ICC.
AIM To evaluate secular trends of ICC according to age, sex, and risk factors in Taiwan.
METHODS In this population-based study, we used the national Taiwan Cancer Registry database. Age-standardized and relative percent changes in incidence rates were used to describe secular trends in incidence rates and sex ratios of ICC in Taiwan.
RESULTS The age-standardized ICC incidence rate among males increased from 1.51 per 100000 in 1993-1997 to 4.07 per 100000 in 2013-2017 and among female from 1.73 per 100000 to 2.95 per 100000. The incidence in females tended to plateau after 2008-2012. For males, the ICC incidence increased as age increased. In the long-term incidence trend of ICC in females, the incidence of the four age groups (40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and 55-59 years) remained stable in different years; although, the incidence of the 60-64 group had a peak in 2003-2007, and the peak incidence of the 65-69 and 70-74 groups occurred in 2008-2012. Among males, beginning at the age of 65, there were increases in the incidence of ICC for the period of 2003-2017 as compared with females in the period of 2003-2017.
CONCLUSION Increased incidence of ICC occurred in Taiwan over the past two decades. The increased incidence has progressively shifted toward younger people for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242008, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kwang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine and Data Science Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242008, Taiwan
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18
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Moelyo AG, Sitaresmi MN, Julia M. Secular trends in Javanese adult height: the roles of environment and educational attainment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:712. [PMID: 35410153 PMCID: PMC8996584 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since its independence in 1945, Indonesia has undergone rapid socioeconomic development. The fastest changes occurred in Java, which is the main island where more than half of the Indonesian population lives. Objective This study aimed to analyze the secular trend in the height of adults living in Java born between 1953 and 1995 by comparing their residence (rural, small city, or large city) and considering factors that contribute to adult height. Methods The analysis used the following data: birth year, body height, weight, body mass index, sex, educational attainment, share of household food expenditures, and residence of 20- to 40-year-old men and women collected by the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 1 to 5. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyze several factors that influence adult height. Significance was set at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The study included 30,656 measurements of individuals born between 1953 and 1995 (54.9% female). Positive secular trends (95% CI) were observed for men and women: 1.3 (1.1–1.4) cm and 0.9 (0.8–1.0) cm per decade, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, in addition to the year of birth, the adult height of both males and females was independently associated with level of education and share of household food expenditure. Stratifying the data into residence in rural areas, small cities, and large cities showed that education levels influenced the adult height of men and women living in all regions, whereas the influence of birth year and share of household food expenditure differed between areas and genders. Conclusions We observed positive secular trends in the height of adults living in Java who were born between 1953 and 1995. The birth year, educational attainment, and share of household food expenditure significantly influenced adult height. A higher education level was consistently associated with taller adult height in both men and women living in rural areas, small cities, and large cities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13144-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annang Giri Moelyo
- Doctorate program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine/Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Mei Neni Sitaresmi
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Madarina Julia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ferrari V, Stefanucci S, Ferrari M, Ciofi D, Stagi S. Retrospective longitudinal analysis of the effects of postnatal weight gain on the timing and tempo of puberty and menarche in a cohort of Italian girls. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:20. [PMID: 35115014 PMCID: PMC8811590 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective over the last few decades there has been a progressive decline in the average age of onset of pubertal development stages in both sexes. The increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity seems to play an important role in this phenomenon. Design we undertook a retrospective, longitudinal evaluation of the average age of thelarche and menarche to evaluate the relationship between BMI and weight change during the first years of life and the timing and tempo of puberty. Methods we evaluated data for 577 Italian girls born between 1995 and 2003. We collected the main auxological and clinical parameters, including age at B2 and at menarche, BMI SDS at B2 and menarche, gestational age and birth weight and Z-score change from birth weight (BW) to BMI at B2 and menarche. Results the mean age of B2 was 10.06 ± 1.03 years and the mean age of menarche was 12.08 ± 1.02 years. Age at B2 and menarche were inversely correlated with BMI SDS (p < 0.0001). Both age at menarche and at thelarche have an inverse relationship with the Z-score change from birth weight and BMI at menarche and thelarche respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions our data confirm a significant relationship between BMI and age of B2 and menarche. We observed a clear relationship among weight change during the first years of life, age at thelarche and menarche and the duration of puberty, demonstrating the importance of weight and weight gain in determining the timing and tempo of pubertal changes and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Stefanucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Ciofi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy.
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Ferrari V, Stefanucci S, Ciofi D, Stagi S. Analysis of the Timing of Puberty in a Recent Cohort of Italian Girls: Evidence for Earlier Onset Compared to Previous Studies. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:23-29. [PMID: 34166823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the 20 century, in developed countries there has been a secular trend toward earlier menarche. Over the past 2 decades, however, there has been an apparent stabilization in the average age of menarche age in most Western countries. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the mean age of menarche in a cohort of Italian girls, to analyze the mean age of breast button appearance (B2), and to correlate the B2 developmental stage and age at menarche with the most important clinical and auxological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the data of 1458 Italian girls born between 1995 and 2003. We collected the main auxological and clinical parameters, including age at B2, age at menarche, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) at B2 and menarche and, when possible, adult/near adult height. RESULTS The mean age of B2 was 10.16 ± 1.00 years, significantly earlier than previously reported for Italian girls (P < .05); the mean age of menarche was 12.07 ± 0.99 years, also significantly earlier than previously reported (P < .0001). Age at B2 and menarche inversely correlated with BMI standard deviation score (SDS) (P < .0001). The mean adult/near adult height of the girls in the study cohort was not statistically different from previously reported data for Italian women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a new trend for an earlier appearance of thelarche and menarche in Italian girls. Our data confirm a significant relationship between BMI and age of B2 and menarche. The girls' final height seems to be in line with average height for the Italian female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Stefanucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Ciofi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Cortet B, Schott AM, Désaméricq G, Chauny JV, Samama P, Emery C, Fagnani F. Trends in postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment in France during the period 2007-2016: A nationwide claims database analysis. Bone 2022; 154:116255. [PMID: 34763115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the trends in the pharmacological management of postmenopausal osteoporosis in France during the period 2007-2016. METHOD This cross-sectional, yearly repeated study of patients in France used the nationwide claims database 'Échantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires' (EGB), covering a 1 in 97 representative sample of approximately 600,000 individuals insured by the main French public insurance scheme. For women aged 50-89 years, prescriptions for all anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs) marketed in France during the study period (bisphosphonates alone or used in combination with calcium, selective estrogen receptor modulators, strontium ranelate, teriparatide or denosumab) were identified in each calendar year. Initiation of any AOM in a calendar year was defined by the absence of a prescription for any AOM within the 2 previous calendar years. Incidence was calculated for all AOM prescriptions and initial prescriptions for AOM. RESULTS Marked changes were observed in the rates of women receiving any AOM, with a slight increase from 2007 to 2009 (from 10.22 to 10.42 per 100 patient-years [PY]), then a plateau in 2009-2010, followed by a rapid and more than twofold decrease until 2016 (from 10.39 to 5.02 per 100 PY). The decrease in the overall rate of women initiating an AOM showed a rapid halving from 2007 to 2012 (from 2.56 to 1.15 per 100 PY), followed by a plateau in the range of 0.90-1.0 per 100 PY during the period 2013-2016. In contrast, the use of calcium/vitamin D has been rapidly increasing as the only prevention and exclusive intervention for postmenopausal osteoporosis, from 10.6% of women in 2007 to 47.7% in 2016. The profile of patients initiating AOM changed substantially over the 10-year period. Despite a stable mean age of approximately 69 years, an increasing proportion of women with severe chronic comorbidities (from 34.9% to 43.3%), history of fractures (from 7.8% to 13.3%) or high-dose steroid use (from 2.9% to 8.4%) was observed. The decline of AOM initiation was associated with a marked reduction of prescriptions during the study period: by 64.2% for primary care physicians; by 36.7% for specialty doctors; and by 18.4% for rheumatologists. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a general trend toward an AOM uptake that is increasingly limited to a fraction of patients who are at high risk of fractures. In the context of an aging population and declining prescription rates for AOM, these data highlight an increasing treatment gap among women in France with osteoporosis, which is similar to that seen in other European countries and in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Cortet
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Salengro, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schott
- Research on Healthcare Performance, RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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22
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Liu W, Yan X, Li C, Shu Q, Chen M, Cai L, You D. A secular trend in age at menarche in Yunnan Province, China: a multiethnic population study of 1,275,000 women. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1890. [PMID: 34666747 PMCID: PMC8524999 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age at menarche (AAM) has shown different trends in women from different ethnic and economic regions in recent decades. Data on AAM among multiethnic women living in developing areas are scarce. Methods Data on AAM from 1,275,000 women among 26 ethnicities in Yunnan Province, China, who were born from 1965 to 2001 were obtained from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from 2010 to 2018. The patterns of AAM trends were analysed according to ethnic group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status. Results The mean AAM was 13.7 ± 1.21 years (95% CI 13.697–13.701), with a decrease from 14.12 (±1.41) among women born before 1970 to 13.3 (±1.04) among those born after 2000. The decline was 0.36 years per 10-year birth cohort, and the plateau has not yet been reached in Yunnan. A secular trend of earlier AAM was observed in all 26 ethnic groups. The fastest rate of decline was observed for the Bai ethnicity (0.36 years per decade). Consistent declining trends in AAM appeared among extreme-, middling-, and nonpoverty economic patterns from 1965 to 2001, with reductions of 1.19, 1.44, and 1.5 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The peak reduction among middling poverty and extreme poverty occurred in the early 2000s (0.4 and 0.32 years). Multivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the declining trends in AAM along rural/urban lines (P < 0.001). Conclusion There was a secular trend towards a younger AAM during the twentieth century and early twenty-first century birth cohorts in the Yunnan population. Considering the difference in AAM trends due to ethnic and socioeconomic status in Yunnan, the health authority should utilize flexible adjusted health care strategies in different regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11951-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- Department of Management of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Yunnan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Shu
- No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Le Cai
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dingyun You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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23
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Kishi R, Ikeda-Araki A, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Kobayashi S, Ait Bamai Y, Yamazaki K, Tamura N, Minatoya M, Ketema RM, Poudel K, Miura R, Masuda H, Itoh M, Yamaguchi T, Fukunaga H, Ito K, Goudarzi H. Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children's health: cohort profile 2021. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:59. [PMID: 34022817 PMCID: PMC8141139 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health is an ongoing study consisting of two birth cohorts of different population sizes: the Sapporo cohort and the Hokkaido cohort. Our primary objectives are to (1) examine the effects that low-level environmental chemical exposures have on birth outcomes, including birth defects and growth retardation; (2) follow the development of allergies, infectious diseases, and neurobehavioral developmental disorders, as well as perform a longitudinal observation of child development; (3) identify high-risk groups based on genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals; and (4) identify the additive effects of various chemicals, including tobacco. METHODS The purpose of this report is to provide an update on the progress of the Hokkaido Study, summarize recent results, and suggest future directions. In particular, this report provides the latest details from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face examinations, and a collection of biological specimens from children and measurements of their chemical exposures. RESULTS The latest findings indicate different risk factors of parental characteristics on birth outcomes and the mediating effect between socioeconomic status and children that are small for the gestational age. Maternal serum folate was not associated with birth defects. Prenatal chemical exposure and smoking were associated with birth size and growth, as well as cord blood biomarkers, such as adiponectin, leptin, thyroid, and reproductive hormones. We also found significant associations between the chemical levels and neuro development, asthma, and allergies. CONCLUSIONS Chemical exposure to children can occur both before and after birth. Longer follow-up for children is crucial in birth cohort studies to reinforce the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. In contrast, considering shifts in the exposure levels due to regulation is also essential, which may also change the association to health outcomes. This study found that individual susceptibility to adverse health effects depends on the genotype. Epigenome modification of DNA methylation was also discovered, indicating the necessity of examining molecular biology perspectives. International collaborations can add a new dimension to the current knowledge and provide novel discoveries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Machiko Minatoya
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rahel Mesfin Ketema
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kritika Poudel
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masuda
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Center for Medical Education and International Relations, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ketema RM, Ait Bamai Y, Ikeda-Araki A, Saito T, Kishi R. Secular trends of urinary phthalate metabolites in 7-year old children and association with building characteristics: Hokkaido study on environment and children's health. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113724. [PMID: 33761429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread commercial production and use of phthalates as plasticizers in consumer products have led to significant human exposure. Some phthalates are known to disrupt the endocrine system and result in adverse health outcomes. As such, they have been regulated in materials used for children's items and food packages. In this study, we examined the secular trend of urinary phthalate metabolites in children and the association between metabolites and building characteristics. In total, 400 first-morning spot urine samples of 7 years old children collected from 2012 to 2017 from an ongoing birth cohort study were examined. Parents provided information on demographics and building questionnaires. We analyzed 10 urinary phthalate metabolites from five phthalate diesters using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS): MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP, MiNP, OH-MiNP, and cx-MiNP. A multivariable regression model with creatinine-corrected metabolite levels was applied to assess secular trends during 2012-2017. The association between metabolite levels and building characteristics was investigated using a mutual-adjusted linear regression. The metabolites MnBP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP, and OH-MiNP were detected in all samples. The highest median concentration was for MECPP 37.4 ng/mL, followed by MnBP and MEHHP at concentrations of 36.8 and 25.8 ng/mL, respectively. Overall, DBP, BBzP, and DINP metabolite concentrations in this study were comparable to or lower than those in previous studies from Japan and other countries in a similar study period. Higher concentrations of DEHP metabolites were observed in this study than in children from the USA and Germany, as per previous reports. Despite updated phthalate regulations and reports of production volume change in Japan, all the measured metabolites showed a stable trend between 2012 and 2017. Higher phthalate metabolite levels were observed among children from households with low annual income, those who lived in old buildings, and those with window opening habits of ≥1 h than ≤1 h. In contrast, children in houses that vacuumed 4 or more days/week showed a lower level of MnBP than those in houses that vacuumed ≤3 days/week. This study demonstrates that the internal exposure level of phthalates in Japanese children was stable from 2012 to 2017. Our findings suggest that phthalate exposure in children is consistent. Thus, improvements in the indoor environment, such as frequent vacuuming, may reduce exposure. Biomonitoring of phthalates is critical for elucidating their possible health effects and developing mitigation strategies.
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Fawaz LMA, Mira M, Ibrahim SY, Maarouf YS, Badawi NE. Stretched penile length and anogenital distance in Egyptian boys aged one month to five years. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:110.e1-110.e7. [PMID: 33221178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with isolated unilateral undescended testis mechanical anomalies are commonly implicated and a diagnosis of simple hypospadius implies that the rest of the external genitalia are normal. Patients with disorders of sexual development, by contrast, have other associated genital anomalies including micropenis and should be referred to the endocrinologist for hormonal assessment before surgical correction of undescended testis or hypospadius. Early diagnosis of abnormal penile size is important but proper assessment begins with defining the normal population-specific age-appropriate reference range. Anogenital distance (AGD) reflects prenatal and early postnatal testosterone levels. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to establish mean reference values and percentile curves for strtetched penile length (SPL) and AGD in healthy Egyptian males from the age of one month to five years and to determine the mean monthly increase in SPL and AGDs from 1 to 13 months of age (a reflection of mini-puberty). STUDY DESIGN This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Cairo University and Mataria Hosptals, Egypt to determine SPL and AGD in 2972 Egyptian males aged from one month to five years from October 2016-December 2018. In addition, we measured length/height, weight and body mass index. RESULTS SPL increased gradually from a mean ± SD of 3.55 ± 0.51 cm in the first year of life to 5.52 ± 0.67 cm by five years of age with a growth from 1 to 12 months of life of 0.6 cm. SPL showed smaller values in infants 6-9 months old compared to younger infants. AGD increased from 7.48 ± 1.47 cm in the first year of life to 12.83 ± 0.58 cm by 5 years of age with a growth from 1 to 12 months of 4.34 cm. SPL and AGD Z-scores correlated positively with each other and with age (months), and Z-scores of height/length, weight and BMI (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The rapid increases in SPL and AGD observed in our study group in the first few months of life reflect the effects of mini-puberty. The fact that SPL and AGD correlated positively with other anthropometric measurements suggests that SPL and AGD may be controlled by nutritional and/or hormonal factors. We suggest that waning testosterone levels marking the end of minipuberty might explain smaller values for SPL in our group of 6-9 month old infants compared with younger infants. LIMITATION We have not included children under one month old. CONCLUSION It is important for each country to develop its own national percentile curves for all growth parameters. This will allow the physician to identify normal differences in the population and to pick up disorders at an age when intervention may yield better results We have developed percentile curves for SPL and AGD that can be used as references for Egyptian male infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna M A Fawaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mira
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Y Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nora E Badawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Cairo, Egypt.
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Escolà-Vergé L, Fernández-Hidalgo N, Larrosa MN, Fernandez-Galera R, Almirante B. Secular trends in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis at a referral center (2007-2018). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1137-48. [PMID: 33404892 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical changes in EFIE. All definite IE episodes treated at a referral center between 2007 and 2018 were registered prospectively, and a trend test was used to study etiologies over time. EFIE cases were divided into three periods, and clinical differences between them were analyzed. All episodes of E. faecalis monomicrobial bacteremia (EFMB) between 2010 and 2018 and the percentage of echocardiograms performed were retrospectively collected. Six hundred forty-eight IE episodes were studied. We detected an increase in the percentage of EFIE (15% in 2007, 25.3% in 2018, P = 0.038), which became the most prevalent causative agent of IE during the last study period. One hundred and eight EFIE episodes were analyzed (2007-2010, n = 30; 2011-2014, n = 22; 2015-2018, n = 56). The patients in the last period were older (median 70.9 vs 66.5 vs 76.3 years, P = 0.015) and more frequently had an abdominal origin of EFIE (20% vs 13.6% vs 42.9%, P = 0.014), fewer indications for surgery (63.3% vs 54.6% vs 32.1%, P = 0.014), and non-significantly lower in-hospital mortality (30% vs 18.2% vs 12.5%, P = 0.139). There was an increase in the percentage of echocardiograms performed in patients with EFMB (30% in 2010, 51.2% in 2018, P = 0.014) and EFIE diagnoses (15% in 2010, 32.6% in 2018, P = 0.004). E. faecalis is an increasing cause of IE in our center, most likely due to an increase in the percentage of echocardiograms performed. The factors involved in clinical changes in EFIE should be thoroughly studied.
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Pate A, van Staa T, Emsley R. An assessment of the potential miscalibration of cardiovascular disease risk predictions caused by a secular trend in cardiovascular disease in England. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 33256644 PMCID: PMC7706224 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A downwards secular trend in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in England was identified through previous work and the literature. Risk prediction models for primary prevention of CVD do not model this secular trend, this could result in over prediction of risk for individuals in the present day. We evaluate the effects of modelling this secular trend, and also assess whether it is driven by an increase in statin use during follow up. Methods We derived a cohort of patients (1998–2015) eligible for cardiovascular risk prediction from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink with linked hospitalisation and mortality records (N = 3,855,660). Patients were split into development and validation cohort based on their cohort entry date (before/after 2010). The calibration of a CVD risk prediction model developed in the development cohort was tested in the validation cohort. The calibration was also assessed after modelling the secular trend. Finally, the presence of the secular trend was evaluated under a marginal structural model framework, where the effect of statin treatment during follow up is adjusted for. Results Substantial over prediction of risks in the validation cohort was found when not modelling the secular trend. This miscalibration could be minimised if one was to explicitly model the secular trend. The reduction in risk in the validation cohort when introducing the secular trend was 35.68 and 33.24% in the female and male cohorts respectively. Under the marginal structural model framework, the reductions were 33.31 and 32.67% respectively, indicating increasing statin use during follow up is not the only the cause of the secular trend. Conclusions Inclusion of the secular trend into the model substantially changed the CVD risk predictions. Models that are being used in clinical practice in the UK do not model secular trend and may thus overestimate the risks, possibly leading to patients being treated unnecessarily. Wider discussion around the modelling of secular trends in a risk prediction framework is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-020-01173-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pate
- Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Tjeerd van Staa
- Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crispigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Abstract
Background Growth references (growth charts) are used to assess the nutritional and growth status of children. In developed countries, there are growth charts based on the country’s national surveys. However, many developing countries do not have their own growth references, so they usually use WHO and US CDC references. In such cases, it is known that the growth statuses of the subject are underestimated or overestimated. This study sought to accurately assess the growth status of children by developing a local growth chart for children living in the Southern Province of Zambia. Methods Anthropometric measurements were conducted on 1135 children aged 2–19 years in the target area. The height and weight data for each sex and age were smoothed using the LMS method, and a percentile curve of height and weight was developed. Based on the US CDC reference, three indicators of undernutrition (stunting, underweight, and thinness) were calculated to determine the proportion of those who are undernourished (z-score < − 2). Results The 50th percentile curve of height and weight in the growth chart of the target population was equivalent to the 5–25th percentile curve of the US reference, and the children of Zambia were both small and of low weight. Conversely, although many subjects are small and of low weight, it was found that there were few poor nutritional statuses as judged by BMI. Through comparison with a previous study in the Southern Province of Zambia, a secular change in the growth of children over 20 years was found. Although there was no significant increase in height and weight in the older age group, there was a significant increase in height and weight at an earlier age. This is thought to be due to an increase in the growth rate of children due to improved socioeconomic conditions, women’s education level, and improvement in health care standards. Conclusions The subjects were small and of low weight compared to the US population, but the nutritional status was not poor by BMI. The height and weight at an earlier age increased compared to 20 years ago. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40101-020-00244-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arimi Mitsunaga
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Aghayan M, Asghari G, Yuzbashian E, Mahdavi M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Secular trend in dietary patterns of Iranian adults from 2006 to 2017: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Nutr J 2020; 19:110. [PMID: 33010805 PMCID: PMC7533031 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on data regarding nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns reported from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017. METHODS We investigated on four examination waves of TLGS, including wave 1 (2006-2008), wave 2 (2009-2011), wave 3 (2012-2014), and wave 4 (2015-2017), using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each waves, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value< 0.001), although total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed noticeably less refined grains, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugars. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intakes showed no significant changes during a decade (all P-values< 0.001). Three dietary patterns extracted using PCA, included: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam; Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern, highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in wave 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among the study population during the last decade. CONCLUSIONS The structure and the type of foods that participants preferred to eat changed since 2006, a new secular trend in dietary patterns, including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was obsereved in our investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aghayan
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Emad Yuzbashian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kwak K. Secular trends in adolescents' diagnosed health status and healthcare consultation: examinations of Canadian national surveys from 2007 to 2016. Public Health 2020; 187:177-185. [PMID: 33002711 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate secular trends in adolescent health status and healthcare consultations. STUDY DESIGN The design of this study is cross-sectional comparisons of population survey outcomes. METHODS Canadian national population data from 2007 to 2016 (T1 N = 14,223; T2 N = 14,247; T3 N = 13,532; T4 N = 13,184; T5 N = 11,122; Total N = 66,308) were examined to find trends in health diagnosis (chronic illnesses and mental disorders) and healthcare consultation (general health practitioners and mental health professionals). Controlling demographics, Multivariate analysis of covariances (MANCOVAs) and correlations were carried out to compare differences by age group (A1: 12-14 years N = 25,180; A2: 15-17 years N = 25,825; A3: 18-19 years N = 15,303) and gender (girls N = 32,388; boys N = 33,920) across survey years. RESULTS Steady increases were found in diagnosed mental disorders and consultations with a mental health professional (MP) for girls, while chronic illnesses remained stable and general practitioner consultations declined for all adolescents over these years. Gender disparity in MP consultations grew with age, much more in recent years, whereas chronic illness diagnoses curved down for all in midadolescence. More integrated relations between health status and healthcare utilization were noted in T5 than in T1. CONCLUSIONS Differential secular trends were shown for adolescent physical versus mental health statuses and relevant healthcare consultations. Although girls' and older adolescents' mental health declined over the years, a positive direction was also found for improved awareness of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kwak
- School of Law and Social Sciences, University of East London, London, E15 1NF, United Kingdom.
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Casjens S, Brüning T, Taeger D. Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:839-852. [PMID: 32306177 PMCID: PMC7452930 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the cancer risks among firefighters in the time course and from different geographical areas. METHOD A PubMed search was performed to identify cohort studies about cancer risk and firefighting presented with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) or standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Using random-effect models, meta-relative risk estimates (mSIRs, mSMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed. Cohort studies with employment starting before 1950 were classified as "old", studies starting between 1950 and 1970 as "medium", and later studies as "new". RESULTS The general cancer risk of firefighters was similar to the general population, but mSMR decreased over time (new studies: mSMR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.92). We observed an increase of mSIR for melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer as well as a decrease of mSIR for stomach cancer with later employment onset. For those cancer sites, we did not observe a secular trend of mSMRs. Regional differences between relative cancer risks were particularly observed for bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Among other things, innovative firefighting techniques and better personal protective equipment have provided a safer and healthier working environment for firefighters over time leading to a reduction of overall cancer incidence and mortality ratios. Increased general preventive medical checkups and possible additional screenings for firefighters might have led to more findings of malignant melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer in the recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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Tong BA, Esquenazi Y, Johnson J, Zhu P, Tandon N. The Brain is Not Flat: Conformal Electrode Arrays Diminish Complications of Subdural Electrode Implantation, A Series of 117 Cases. World Neurosurg 2020; 144:e734-e742. [PMID: 32949797 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial recordings are integral to evaluating patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy whom noninvasive testing fails to localize seizure focus. Although stereo-electroencephalography is the preferred method of intracranial recordings in most centers, subdural electrode (SDE) implantation is necessary in selected cases. OBJECTIVE To identify imaging correlates that predict SDE complications (extra-axial fluid collections [EFCs]), and determine if modifications that diminish stiffness of electrode sheets reduce complications. METHODS A prospective epilepsy surgery database was used to identify adults undergoing craniotomy for SDE implantation over a 14-year period. EFCs and midline shift were measured via magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging. Correlation analyses and multivariable logistic regression explored associations between use of conformal arrays, serial order of patients, previous ipsilateral intracranial surgery, midline shift, number of SDEs, and neurologic complications. RESULTS A total of 111 consecutive patients (59 female) underwent 117 craniotomies (mean, 115 electrode contacts) for SDE implantation. There were 8 surgical complications, 3 in the first 17 (17.7%). and 5 (after electrode modifications) in a subsequent 100 craniotomies (5.0%). We noted an increase in electrode numbers implanted over time (P < 0.001) and decreased midline shift with conformal grids (ρ = - 0.32; P < 0.001). A multivariable regression showed that midline shift correlated with complications (odds ratio, 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-4.78; P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhagic complications after SDE implantation are difficult to detect because of artifact from electrodes, but predictable by prominent midline shift (>4 mm). Risks inherent to SDE implantation may be minimized using conformal grids. With symptomatic EFCs, a single electrode cable exit site allows hematoma evacuation without terminating intracranial recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Tong
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies, UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Piras GN, Bozzola M, Bianchin L, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Lorenzoni G, Buzi F, Rigon F, Tonini G, De Sanctis V, Perissinotto E. The levelling-off of the secular trend of age at menarche among Italian girls. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04222. [PMID: 32613111 PMCID: PMC7322252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to verify whether the secular trend stopped in Italy by comparing the results of a 1990-2000 birth cohort versus a 1980-1990 birth cohort of Italian young women. The results were used to speculate about age at menarche as adaptive response to non-genetic factors. METHODS In 2016, a study was set on 413, 18-to-26 year-old women (1990-2000 birth cohort) attending two Italian Universities by web-based, self-reported questionnaires. Previously in 2000, a research including 3,783 high school female students (1980-1990 birth cohort) was led. The age at menarche distribution was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The comparison between the findings of the two birth cohorts was performed by Wilcoxon sum-rank test. Mixed models analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of cohort and socio-economic status on age at menarche. RESULTS 1990-2000 cohort's age at menarche median was 12.44y (95%CI 12.37; 12.59y). There was no significant difference with age at menarche of the previous cohort (p = 0.56). Consistently, the advance of age at menarche in comparison to the mothers' one was not significantly different between the two cohorts (-0.27y±0.10y vs -0.25y±0.03y, p = 0.33). The socio-economic level was not significantly associated with menarcheal age. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study confirm that, like in other developed countries, the advance of age at menarche has stopped in Italy, consistently with the stop of the improvement of socio-economic conditions. Further studies are needed to explore the differential effect of each non-genetic factor to outline future scenarios of human sexual maturation. TRIAL REGISTRATION the Comitato Etico per la Sperimentazione Clinica (CESC) della Provincia di Padova of the Veneto Region (Italy), n°3993/U16/16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Niccolò Piras
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bianchin
- UOC Infanzia, Adolescenza, Famiglia, AULSS 3, Serenissima Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Bona
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Division of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Buzi
- Department of Pediatrics, “Carlo Poma” Hospital, Mantova, Italy
| | - Franco Rigon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tonini
- Centre of Pediatric Diabetology, Burlo Garofolo Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Sanctis
- Private Accredited Hospital Quisisana, Paediatric and Adolescent Outpatients Clinic, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Egle Perissinotto
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
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Chapur VF, Alfaro EL, Bronberg R, Dipierri JE. Epidemiology of sudden unexpected death in infancy in Argentina: secular trend and spatial variation. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2020; 117:164-170. [PMID: 31063300 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2019.eng.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Infant mortality comprises deaths among infants younger than one year old. The proportion of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) varies by country and based on the cause of death. Objective To describe the spatial and temporal variation of SUDI in Argentina between 1991 and 2014 according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision. Materials and methods Based on infant death data (provided by the Health Statistics and Information Department), we estimated the percentage of SUDI over the total number of infant deaths and the frequency of causes of death at a provincial, regional, and national level. The risk for death and the secular trend were estimated using a Poisson regression. The SaTScan software, v9.1.1, was used to detect clusters of districts where the percentage of SUDI was significantly different from the national percentage. Results In Argentina, between 1991 and 2014, 267 552 infants younger than 1 year died; 7 % corresponded to SUDI; the secular trend of causes was negative and statistically significant; the risk for SUDI was 0.86, and a great spatial heterogeneity was observed. At a national level, the most common cause was sudden infant death syndrome, with inter-regional differences. In nine district clusters, the risk for SUDI ranged between 4.36 and 1.24, which is significantly different from the rest of the country. Conclusions The proportion of SUDI and its causes show inter-regional heterogeneity; codes related to inaccurate diagnoses predominated in more unfavorable regions, while sudden infant death syndrome was prevalent in the more developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria F Chapur
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-UNJu-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Instituto de Biología de la Altura (INBIAL), San Salvador de Jujuy.
| | - Emma L Alfaro
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-UNJu-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Instituto de Biología de la Altura (INBIAL), San Salvador de Jujuy
| | - Rubén Bronberg
- Área de Genética Médica y Poblacional, Hospital Ramos Mejía
| | - José E Dipierri
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-UNJu-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Instituto de Biología de la Altura (INBIAL), San Salvador de Jujuy
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Pes GM, Salis R, Errigo A, Saturno M, Bibbo' S, Quarta Colosso BM, Longo NP, Dore MP. The Rise and Fall of the Secular Trend in Body Height in Sardinia: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Biomed Environ Sci 2020; 33:183-190. [PMID: 32209177 DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the last century, a progressive rise in stature, known as the 'secular trend', was documented worldwide, and especially in Sardinia, it has reached a peak in Europe. However, this situation recently ceased in several populations. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the stature secular trend has significantly leveled off in the Sardinian younger generations. METHODS Height measurements were retrieved from a database of patients undergoing digestive endoscopy, spanning generations between 1920 and 1990. Sex-specific principal component regression models were fitted to decompose stature variation into the contribution of age, period, and birth cohort. RESULTS A steady increase in stature was observed in generations born after 1920, with an upward surge in those born after 1950. However, a significant leveling off was observed among cohorts born after 1970 among both sexes, as mean heights stabilized at 171.1 cm with a standard error (SE) of 0.9 cm among men and a mean of 160.1 cm (SE = 0.9 cm) among women. CONCLUSION Our findings support a significant slowdown in the secular trend of stature among the latest Sardinian generations. Several factors, including the consumption of low-quality food, lack of physical activity, and late motherhood, among others, may explain the decline in the secular trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Salis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Saturno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbo'
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Pio Longo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‒07100 Sassari, Italy
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Żegleń M, Kryst Ł, Dasgupta P, Saha R, Das R, Das S. Time trends in mid-upper-arm anthropometry from 1982 to 2011 in male children and adolescents from Kolkata, India. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 53:71-81. [PMID: 32070439 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932020000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate inter-generational changes in selected mid-upper-arm measurements of boys from Kolkata, India. The analysis was based on the anthropometric measurements of two cohorts of Bengali boys aged 7-16 from middle-class families, in 1982-83 and 2005-11. The two cohorts were compared in terms of their mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and mid-upper-arm area (MUAA), mid-upper-arm muscle area (MUAMA), mid-upper-arm fat area (MUAFA) and Arm Fat Index (AFI). The significances of the differences were determined using two-way ANOVA. All features differed significantly between the examined cohorts and all showed a general positive secular trend. In most cases, the biggest differences were noted for 14- and 16-year olds and the smallest for the youngest boys. The contemporary boys seemed to have more favourable overall developmental conditions, probably related to socioeconomic progress in India over recent decades.
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Ho J, Wong SH, Doddangoudar VC, Boost MV, Tse G, Ip M. Regional differences in temporal incidence of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:89-94. [PMID: 31387772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous decades have witnessed a change in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. This study aimed to determine temporal trends in the incidence of C difficile infection across geographic regions. METHODS An initial search of the relevant literature was conducted from date inception to October 2018 without language restriction. We estimated the pooled incidences using logit transformation, weighted by inverse variance. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program was used to explore its temporal trend. RESULTS Globally, the estimated incidence of C difficile infection increased from 6.60 per 10,000 patient-days in 1997 to 13.8 per 10,000 patient-days in 2004. Thereafter, a significant downward trend was observed, at -8.75% annually until 2015. From 2005 to 2015, the incidences in most European countries decreased at a rate between 1.97% and 4.11% per annum, except in France, where an increasing incidence was observed (β = 0.16; P < .001). The incidences have stabilized in North America over the same period; however, in Asia, the incidence increased significantly from 2006 to 2014 (annualized percentage change = 14.4%; P < .001). The increase was greatest in Western Asian countries, including Turkey and Israel (β > 0.10; P < .004). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed rapid changes in the incidence of C difficile infection. This meta-analysis should inform the allocation of resources for controlling C difficile infection and future surveillance efforts in countries where epidemiologic information on C difficile infection remains sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vijaya C Doddangoudar
- Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, India
| | - Maureen V Boost
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Pereira A, Corvalan C, Merino PM, Leiva V, Mericq V. Age at Pubertal Development in a Hispanic-Latina Female Population: Should the Definitions Be Revisited? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:579-83. [PMID: 31445142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess pubertal events in a Hispanic female population and to create normograms of puberty. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING University facility. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred forty-nine girls from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort study. INTERVENTIONS Follow-up twice a year beginning at age 6 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Breast development, pubic hair development, and age. Breast development (B2, B3, and B4) and pubarche (P2) were determined. Age at menarche was obtained from the adolescents and their mothers. Age and growth velocity at peak height velocity were calculated. RESULTS In girls, B2, B3, and B4 occur at median ages of 9.2, 10.2, and 10.9 years, respectively. The median age at P2 was 9.7 years. The mean age at peak height velocity and the growth velocity were 10.6 years (SD = 1.1) and 8 cm/y, respectively. The mean age at menarche was 11.9 years (SD = 1.1); only 2.8% (15 /530) of girls experienced menarche after 14 years and 1.9% before 10 years. The mean interval time between B2 and menarche was 2.5 ± 1.0 years. Transient thelarche occurred in 8.6% of girls. CONCLUSION This longitudinal cohort shows that thelarche occurred 1.2 months later than previously reported in cross-sectional studies. Conversely, we found that pubic hair appeared 12 months earlier and menarche occurred 9 months earlier than previously reported. These findings are important in setting normalcy data and avoiding unnecessary clinical consultations.
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Viviani C, Castellucci HI, Arezes P, Bartsch Á, Bragança S, Molenbroek JFM, Martínez M, Aparici V. Educational level and its relationship with body height and popliteal height in Chilean male workers. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 52:734-45. [PMID: 31762424 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932019000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A secular trend in body height has been experienced in many nations and populations, hypothesized to be the result of better living conditions. Educational level has been shown to be closely associated with body height. This study examined the changes in body height and popliteal height in a group of adult Chilean male workers by age cohort and the relationship of these with educational level. The body heights and popliteal heights of 1404 male workers from the Valparaíso and Metropolitan regions of Chile were measured in 2016. The sample was grouped by level of education (primary, secondary, technical and university) and age (21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years). Robust ANOVA and post-hoc analyses using a one-step modified M-estimation of location were conducted based on bootstrap resampling. Both body height and popliteal height increased from the older to the younger age cohort. The largest increase was from the 41-50 to the 21-30 group, with a 1.1% increase in body height and 1.7% increase in popliteal height. When educational level was introduced into the analysis there was a marked increase in both body height and popliteal height for each cohort, but only in primary- and secondary-educated workers. Despite showing an overall increase in body height and popliteal height, younger workers with the highest levels of education showed fewer differences between them than did older workers with less education. The differences were larger in the older than in the younger cohorts. Similarly, this trend was less clear in workers with higher levels of education (technical and university), probably because of a dilution effect caused by increased access to higher education by workers in the lower income quintiles.
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Hwang JH, Park SW. Gender differential secular trend in lifetime smoking prevalence among adolescents: an age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1374. [PMID: 31653248 PMCID: PMC6815049 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a gender difference in adolescents’ lifetime smoking prevalence trends over the last 10 years. This study aimed to explain the gender differential secular trend in adolescents’ lifetime smoking prevalence using age-period-cohort (APC) analysis and suggests possible causes for this trend, including Korean tobacco control policies during the last 10 years. Methods We utilized the 2006–2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey enrolling grades 7 to 12. Using year of survey and year of entry into middle school, we classified 859,814 students who had ever smoked into 6 age groups, 12 periods, and 17 school admission cohorts. Using APC analysis with the intrinsic estimator method, the effects of age, period, and school admission cohort on lifetime smoking prevalence were analyzed according to gender. Results Overall, there was a similar tendency of all the three effects on lifetime smoking prevalence between genders: an increasing age effect with grade, negative period effect with survey period, and similar pattern of school admission cohort groups. However, compared to boys, girls experienced reduction in the increasing age effect in the 12th grade, consistent and steeper decreasing trend in the period effect from 2006 to 2016, and shorter and lower school admission cohort effect. Conclusions Gender differential response to chronological changes in lifetime smoking prevalence was measured by the APC effect, which affected the gender differential secular trend in lifetime smoking prevalence. Therefore, considering the APC effect could help us understand the trend in smoking rates, as well as the contextual factors that affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyun Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung-4Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Woo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung-4Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
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Kopczyński M. Between the Great War and the Great Depression: preliminary observations on the 'missing link' in the history of human stature in Poland. Econ Hum Biol 2019; 34:162-168. [PMID: 30655209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper traces the secular trend in stature in Poland in the interwar period. On the basis of individual measuring cards created by military authorities for Krosno and Sarny districts, the author states that the secular trend in stature that started in the mid-1860s continued between the two world wars with the velocity of at least 0.7 cm per decade, i.e. at a similar rate as in the second half of the 19th century. Although regional differences inside the Second Polish Republic were clearly visible, cohorts born during the Great War were able to make up the lost ground in their teens despite the hardships caused by the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kopczyński
- Institute of History, University of Warsaw, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście, 00-927, Warszawa, Poland.
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Njuguna P, Maitland K, Nyaguara A, Mwanga D, Mogeni P, Mturi N, Mohammed S, Mwambingu G, Ngetsa C, Awuondo K, Lowe B, Adetifa I, Scott JAG, Williams TN, Atkinson S, Osier F, Snow RW, Marsh K, Tsofa B, Peshu N, Hamaluba M, Berkley JA, Newton CRJ, Fondo J, Omar A, Bejon P. Observational study: 27 years of severe malaria surveillance in Kilifi, Kenya. BMC Med 2019; 17:124. [PMID: 31280724 PMCID: PMC6613255 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parts of Africa have witnessed reductions in Plasmodium falciparum transmission over the last 15 years. Since immunity to malaria is acquired more rapidly at higher transmission, the slower acquisition of immunity at lower transmission may partially offset the benefits of reductions in transmission. We examined the clinical spectrum of disease and predictors of mortality after sustained changes in transmission intensity, using data collected from 1989 to 2016. METHODS We conducted a temporal observational analysis of 18,000 children, aged 14 days to 14 years old, who were admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, from 1989 to 2016 with malaria. We describe the trends over time of the clinical and laboratory criteria for severe malaria and associated risk of mortality. RESULTS During the time periods 1989-2003, 2004-2008, and 2009-2016, Kilifi County Hospital admitted averages of 657, 310, and 174 cases of severe malaria per year including averages of 48, 14, and 12 malaria-associated deaths per year, respectively. The median ages in years of children admitted with cerebral malaria, severe anaemia, and malaria-associated mortality were 3.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-3.9), 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4), and 1.1 (95% CI 0.3-2.2) in the year 1989, rising to 4.9 (95% CI 3.9-5.9), 3.8 (95% CI 2.5-7.1), and 5 (95% CI 3.3-6.3) in the year 2016. The ratio of children with cerebral malaria to severe anaemia rose from 1:2 before 2004 to 3:2 after 2009. Hyperparasitaemia was a risk factor for death after 2009 but not in earlier time periods. CONCLUSION Despite the evidence of slower acquisition of immunity, continued reductions in the numbers of cases of severe malaria resulted in lower overall mortality. Our temporal data are limited to a single site, albeit potentially applicable to a secular trend present in many parts of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Njuguna
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Amek Nyaguara
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Polycarp Mogeni
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Neema Mturi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Shebe Mohammed
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel Mwambingu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Ngetsa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kenedy Awuondo
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Brett Lowe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ifedayo Adetifa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas N Williams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Faith Osier
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Robert W Snow
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Tsofa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Norbert Peshu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Mainga Hamaluba
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James A Berkley
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles R J Newton
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Fondo
- Kilifi County Department of Health, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anisa Omar
- Kilifi County Department of Health, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.
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Holmgren A, Niklasson A, Aronson AS, Sjöberg A, Lissner L, Albertsson‐Wikland K. Nordic populations are still getting taller - secular changes in height from the 20th to 21st century. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1311-1320. [PMID: 30838690 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aims to investigate secular changes in adult height among Nordic reference populations during the last four decades and in parents of Swedish study participants, and to study during which growth phase(s) infancy, childhood or puberty changes in height and tempo occurred. METHODS Length and height data were obtained from publications on populations used as current and previous national height references in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Measurements from birth until adult height and original parental heights of participants in Swedish reference populations born 1956, 1974, and 1990 were used. RESULTS Adult height has increased progressively in Nordic populations born in 1950s-1990s; for females by 6 mm/decade Norway, 4 mm; Sweden, 6 mm; Finland and Denmark, 7 mm; for males by 9 mm/decade, in Sweden, 5 mm; Finland, 7 mm; Denmark 8 mm; Norway, 15 mm. This was due to more growth during childhood despite earlier timing of mid-puberty. Heights of Swedish parents born 1920s-1960s increased 11 mm/decade for mothers, 14 mm/decade for fathers. CONCLUSION The Nordic countries comprise some of the tallest populations in the world yet continue to show a positive secular change in adult height alongside a faster tempo of growth by earlier timing of puberty, highlighting the need to regularly update national height references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Holmgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center (GP‐GRC) Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics Halmstad Hospital Halmstad Sweden
| | - Aimon Niklasson
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center (GP‐GRC) Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO) Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kerstin Albertsson‐Wikland
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Abstract
Genetic and environmental influences on age at menarche (AAM) have rarely been examined in Asian females. This study aimed to investigate the heritability of AAM in South Korean female twins. The AAM data from 1370 female twins (933 monozygotic [MZ] twins, 294 dizygotic [DZ] twins and 160 female members of opposite-sex DZ twins) born between 1988 and 2001 were analyzed. The age of the sample at the time of the assessment ranged from 16 to 28 years with a mean of 19.3 (SD = 2.2) years. The mean AAM in the total sample was 12.49 (SD = 1.41) years. Although the mean AAM decreased with increasing birth years, it levelled off in birth years 2000-2001. Maximum likelihood MZ and DZ twin correlations were 0.72 [95% CI (0.67, 0.76)] and 0.35 [95% CI (0.19, 0.50)], respectively. The results of model-fitting analysis indicated that the additive genetic and individual-specific environmental effects were 72% [95% CI (67%, 76%)] and 28% [95% CI (24%, 33%)], respectively. Neither nonadditive genetic nor shared environmental effects were significant.
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Chen YY, Liu WJ, Chen JW, Lin KT, Wei ST, Lin DT, Hou SM. Secular trends in the distribution of allogeneic blood components in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1369-74. [PMID: 30928185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent blood distribution profiles for transfusions in Taiwan have not been comprehensively documented. This study aimed to analyze trends in red blood cell (RBC), platelet, and plasma distribution rates, and compares these profiles with those in other countries. The distribution rates of RBC, platelets, and plasma in Taiwan during 2015 were 47.6, 11.1, and 26.8 units per 1000 population, respectively. At least 1.5 and 2.5-fold higher platelet and plasma distribution rates were observed than other selected countries. During 2007-2015, there was no significant change in RBC distribution. However, we observed a significant increase of 0.20 (95% CI: 0.11-0.30) adult doses of platelets, and a significant decrease of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.45-1.93) units of plasma per 1000 population per annum. Seven other countries showed a general significant decreasing trend of RBC distributions. Higher blood distribution rates were observed in Taiwan. Therefore, the adoption of patient blood management is essential.
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INTARUT N, SANGTHONG R, CHONGSUVIVATWONG V. Smoking Trends among Thailand's Youths from 1996-2015: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of National Health Surveys. Iran J Public Health 2019; 48:429-434. [PMID: 31223569 PMCID: PMC6570795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate secular trends of smoking among Thailand's youths. METHODS We combined 8 datasets from national representative surveys between 1996 and 2015. Multi-stage cluster sampling was applied in all studies. Overall, 231459 participants aged 11-26 yr were included and analyzed. Participants were classified as current smokers if they responded "yes" to the question "Do you currently smoke?", and former smoker if they reported no current smoking but had smoked previously. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on smoking for investigating secular trend of smoking. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking tended to decrease over time. Among those aged 11-14, the prevalence of current and former smoking was low but not negligible. Rates of underage smoking remained quite steady, around 3.8% in 1996 and 3.6% in 2015. The results of the APC model show that the prevalence of smoking among young male cohorts was lower than in older cohorts. CONCLUSION Thailand's tobacco control program has been effective in deterring youths from smoking. The prevalence of smoking in this population needs to be reduced further though, something achieved by reorienting tobacco consumption prevention campaigns towards this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirun INTARUT
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang, Mahasarakham, Thailand, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang, Mahasrakham, Thailand,Corresponding Author:
| | - Rassamee SANGTHONG
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Mazzarino J, Puel O, Jesuran-Perelroizen M. Update on pubertal development in France. PROSPEL - Observational study. Preliminary feasibility study. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:108-114. [PMID: 30638763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent publications report a decrease in the age of onset of pubertal changes in the United States and Europe. The PROSPEL study (PRemier Observatoire des Stades Pubertaire en Libéral) will provide the first French data on the age at which pubertal signs appear. Before considering this work at the national level, we wanted to assess its feasibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Private pediatricians and general practitioners were recruited in Bordeaux and Toulouse. Before participating in the study, they had been trained in pubertal assessment and then evaluated. Each physician completed 1-4 weeks of inclusion during which children aged 5-18 years seen in consultation were included, except children who were adopted or had a chronic condition. Pubertal stages were assessed according to Tanner's classification and using an orchidometer for testicular volume. The causes of non-realization were documented where appropriate. Inter-individual reproducibility was analyzed by a double examination for a number of children who had previously given their consent. RESULTS In total, 63 physicians participated in the study (35 pediatricians and 28 general practitioners). All were certified at the end of the training session. A total of 2646 children were included (1318 girls, 1328 boys) with a homogeneous age distribution. The study was carried out in 83.5% of cases. The main reason for non-realization was that physicians did not propose the study to patients who met the criteria (10.1%). Lack of time was the main reason. Inter-individual reproducibility was excellent. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results attest to the good feasibility of the PROSPEL study. They allowed us to validate our methodology, the training and certification of the participating physicians, and to consider extending the study to the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazzarino
- Faculté de médecine, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - O Puel
- Cabinet de pédiatrie, 88, avenue Pasteur, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Jesuran-Perelroizen
- Cabinet d'endocrinologie-pédiatrie, 14, rue du rempart Saint-Étienne, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Chapur VF, Alfaro EL, Bronberg R, Dipierri JE. Relationship between infant mortality and altitude in the Northwest region of Argentina. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2018; 115:462-469. [PMID: 28895693 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2017.eng.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given its location on the Andes, the Northwest region of Argentina is geographically, socioeconomically, culturally, and biologically heterogeneous, and this is reflected on an infant mortality rate (IMR) that is higher than in any other Argentine region. OBJETIVE To estimate IMR, neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and post-neonatal mortality rate (PNMR), and to analyze their spatial and temporal variations using secular trends and the relative risk based on altitudinal zones. POPULATION AND METHOD This was a retrospective, descriptive, correlational study based on birth and death data recorded in the Northwest region of Argentina (1998-2010); IMR, NMR, PNMR, secular trends, and the relative risk of death were calculated by district and altitudinal zone (districts at < 2000 meters above sea level, lowlands; at > 2000 meters above sea level, highlands) by means of a cluster analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Rates were higher in the highlands; IMR was 29.8%o (versus 15.6%o in the lowlands); PNMR was 17.7% in the highlands (versus 5.2% in the lowlands). In the highlands, there was an annual average reduction of 3.9% in IMR and of 4.1% in PNMR; in the lowlands, such reduction was of 7.0% in IMR and of 9.3% in PNMR. The relative risk of IMR and PNMR was significantly higher at high-altitude zones. NMR, its secular trend, and the relative risk did not show statistically significant differences between both altitudinal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria F Chapur
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Instituto de Biología de la Altura (INBIAL), San Salvador de Jujuy.
| | | | - Rubén Bronberg
- Área de Genética Médica y Poblacional, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ciudad de Buenos Aires
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[A national survey on physical growth and development of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China in 2015]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2018. [PMID: 29518829 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and analyze the status of physical growth and its change in children under 7 years of age in 9 cities of China, and to provide scientific data for renewing and developing the new growth reference of Chinese children. Methods: Data of healthy children under 7 years of age were collected by stratified cluster sampling method in Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming during the period from June to November in 2015. They were divided into 22 age groups. The sample size of boys or girls, urban or suburban was 150-200 in each age group in each city, and the total sample size in the 9 cities was 161 774. Weight, length/height, head circumference, sitting height, chest circumference and waist circumference were measured by the trained investigators using standard methods. There were strict quality control measures during investigation process. The t test was used to compare the difference of physical growth between two groups and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of physical growth among three groups. Results: (1) The level of physical growth of children under 7 years were different between boys and girls, urban and suburban, as well as different regions of China in 2015. The urban-suburban difference was more significant in children older than 8 months, that is, the weight and height of urban children were greater than those of suburban children (0.01-0.48 kg and 0.1-1.1 cm respectively). (2) Weight and height of children in the 9 cities, whether urban or suburban areas, had been greater than WHO growth standards, for example, the Z-scores of height values of urban and suburban children were 0.43 ±0.99 (t=130.551, P<0.05) and 0.30 ±1.01 (t=87.407, P<0.05) higher than the WHO standards. (3) The physical growth of children in the 9 cities was improved in varying degrees during the past 10 years. For example, the changes of weight and height in urban children under 3 years were not significant, while there was significant improvement among children older than 3 years and the increasing trend became apparent along with the increasing of age (0.05-1.18 kg in weight and 0.5-1.8 cm in height). The urban-suburban difference of physical growth in each age group of boys and girls narrowed significantly during the past 10 years, which was clearly shown from the narrowing urban-suburban differences of weight and height in boys aged 5.5-<6.0 years (1.58 kg in 2005 vs. 0.44 kg in 2015 and 2.8 cm in 2005 vs. 0.9 cm in 2015) . (4) From the increments of each decade during 1975-2015, a rapid increments of physical growth during 1975-2005 were found, while the increments after 2005 had slowed comparing with that of the previous period in urban areas, for example, the increments of height in boys aged 5.5-<6.0 years were 1.5, 2.1, 2.7, 0.7 cm respectively in the 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) decade (1975-1985, 1985-1995, 1995-2005, 2005-2015) . In suburban areas, the trends of the previous 3 decades were similar with that of urban children, while the increments of the 4(th) decade were still bigger though they were slightly smaller than those of the 3(rd) decade, for example, the increments of height in boys aged 5.5-<6.0 years were 2.4, 2.3, 3.2, 2.6 cm in the 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) decade respectively. Conclusions: Physical growth of children under 7 years of age showed a slow positive secular trend during the last decade after a rapid increase. The increments of suburban children's physical growth were greater than those of urban children. The physical growth of children under 7 years in 9 Chinese cities exceeded the WHO standards.
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Aguilar Del Rey FJ, Pérez González O. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in Andalusia, Spain, from 2000-2010. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 150:297-302. [PMID: 28923669 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological data on osteoporotic fractures in Andalusia in the period 2000-2010. In view of the lack of epidemiological studies of fractures in Andalusia, we set out to ascertain the number and incidence rates of osteoporotic fractures and their distribution by gender and age, location, comorbidity, seasonality and secular trend. METHODS Cohort study observed over a period of 11 years analysing the data provided by the Minimum Basic Data Set register for the period 2000-2010. RESULTS There were a total of 96,458 osteoporotic fractures, with a crude incidence rate of 374.18 fractures per 100,000 population. Fractures increased in this period by 27% (p<.01, IC 95%, 0.71; 0.73). We found a trend change in female/male ratio, from 3.4 to 3.2, and in the reduction in fractures in the last two years, especially in the past year, with a decrease of 11.2% in hip fractures (p<.001, IC 95%, 0.88; 0.895). CONCLUSIONS In this period, there has been an increase in fractures as a consequence of the ageing of the population, but also a change in trend, with fractures decreasing in some age groups. The incidence rate of fractures varies between different countries and regions of Spain, and between different provinces of Andalusia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Pérez González
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación de Málaga en Medicina y Salud (FIMABIS), Málaga, España
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