1
|
Hao J, Hao J, Liu D, He L, Liu X, Zhao Z, Zhao T, Xu W. Maximizing resource recovery: A green and economic strategy for lithium extraction from spent ternary batteries. J Hazard Mater 2024; 472:134472. [PMID: 38696964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Spent ternary lithium-ion batteries contain abundant lithium resource, and their proper disposal is conducive to environmental protection and the comprehensive utilization of resources. Separating valuable metals in the ternary leaching solution is the key to ensuring resource recovery. However, the traditional post-lithium extraction strategies, which heavily rely on ion exchange to remove transition metal ions in the leachate, encounter challenges in achieving satisfactory lithium yields and purities. Based on this, this paper proposed a new strategy to prioritize lithium extraction from ternary leachate using "(+) LiFePO4/FePO4 (-)" lithium extraction system. The preferential recovery of lithium can be realized by controlling the potential over 0.1 V versus Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) without introducing any impurity ions. The lithium recovery rate reaches 98.91%, while the rejection rate of transition ions exceeds 99%, and the separation coefficients of lithium to transition metal ions can reach 126. Notably, the resulting lithium-rich liquid can directly prepare lithium carbonate with a purity of 99.36%. It provides a green and efficient strategy for the preferential recovery of lithium from the spent ternary leachate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Hao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongfu Liu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lihua He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xuheng Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- The Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang B, Lu X, Wang X, Zhang J. Selective lithium extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries through polyvinyl chloride thermal decomposition-based gas-solid reaction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25575. [PMID: 38370216 PMCID: PMC10867344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recovery of valuable metals from waste battery materials and the thermal decomposition of PVC both require significant energy and material consumption. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy that integrates the lithium extraction process from spent LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2 (S-NCA) with PVC pyrolysis, resulting in a substantial reduction in energy consumption and chemical additive. Various characterization techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS, are employed to investigate the mechanism of gas-solid lithium extraction and provide valuable insights into the migration pathway of lithium from S-NCA to soluble LiCl. The optimal conditions for the process were determined as follows: a temperature of 600 °C, S-NCA/PVC mass ratio of 1:4, and a baking time of 2 h, achieving a lithium extraction efficiency of 94.37 %. The research provides valuable insights for the valorization of PVC thermal decomposition and lithium extraction from NCA, presenting a novel approach for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biyuan Yang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, 410007, PR China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for High-efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for High-efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for High-efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin Z, Li X, Shen X, Cheng Y, Wu F, Li Y, He Z. Electrochemical selective lithium extraction and regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate. Waste Manag 2024; 174:106-113. [PMID: 38041979 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a green, efficient and low-cost process for the selective recovery of lithium from spent LiFePO4 by anodic electrolysis is proposed. The leaching rates of Li, Fe and P under different conditions were explored and the optimal conditions are obtained. In the optimal conditions, Li, Fe and P leaching rates were 96.31%, 0.06% and 0.62% respectively. The Li/Fe selectivity was over 99.9%. The product obtained is isostructural FePO4 and retains the original particle morphology. The FePO4 obtained can be synthesised into LiFePO4/C by direct regeneration process or impurity removal regeneration process. The material synthesized by the latter process has a better electrochemical performance, with a discharge specific capacity of 144.5 mAh/g at 1.0C and a capacity retention of 92.0% over 500cycles. The superior performance can be attributed to an impurity removal process that reduced agglomeration and improved particle morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Qin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinjie Shen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|