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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Beauty and the beast: host microRNA-155 versus SARS-CoV-2. Hum Cell 2023; 36:908-922. [PMID: 36847920 PMCID: PMC9969954 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the young and healthy usually results in an asymptomatic or mild viral syndrome, possibly through an erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent, protective evolutionary landscape. In the old and in the presence of co-morbidities, however, a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cytokine storm, through unrestrained renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) hyperactivity, has been described. Multifunctional microRNA-155 (miR-155) elevation in malaria, dengue virus (DENV), the thalassemias, and SARS-CoV-1/2, plays critical antiviral and cardiovascular roles through its targeted translational repression of over 140 genes. In the present review, we propose a plausible miR-155-dependent mechanism whereby the translational repression of AGRT1, Arginase-2 and Ets-1, reshapes RAAS towards Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 (AT2R)-mediated balanced, tolerable, and SARS-CoV-2-protective cardiovascular phenotypes. In addition, it enhances EPO secretion and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and substrate availability, and negates proinflammatory Ang II effects. Disrupted miR-155 repression of AT1R + 1166C-allele, significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular and COVID-19 outcomes, manifests its decisive role in RAAS modulation. BACH1 and SOCS1 repression creates an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective milieu, robustly inducing antiviral interferons. MiR-155 dysregulation in the elderly, and in comorbidities, allows unimpeded RAAS hyperactivity to progress towards a particularly aggressive COVID-19 course. Elevated miR-155 in thalassemia plausibly engenders a favorable cardiovascular profile and protection against malaria, DENV, and SARS-CoV-2. MiR-155 modulating pharmaceutical approaches could offer novel therapeutic options in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand
| | - A. Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - T. C. Aw
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889 Singapore
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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Chung HY, Jian MJ, Chang CK, Lin JC, Yeh KM, Chen CW, Yang YS, Hsieh SS, Chen ES, Yang MH, Tang SH, Perng CL, Yang JR, Liu MT, Chang FY, Shang HS. Multicenter study evaluating novel multi-specimen pooling assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: High sensitivity and high throughput testing. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2022; 55:1069-1075. [PMID: 34538568 PMCID: PMC8411585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mass screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pooling samples can increase the number of tests processed. LabTurbo AIO 48 is an automated platform that allows ribonucleic acid extraction and sample analysis on the same instrument. We created a novel pooling assay on this platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection and demonstrated that the pooling strategy increases testing capacity without affecting accuracy and sensitivity. METHODS Comparative limit of detection (LoD) assessment was performed on the LabTurbo AIO 48 platform and the current standard detection system based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using 55 clinically positive samples. An additional 330 primary clinical samples were assessed. RESULTS Six samples pooled into one reaction tube were detected in approximately 2.5 h using the World Health Organization rRT-PCR protocol. LabTurbo AIO 48 also demonstrated a higher throughput than our reference rRT-PCR assay, with an LoD of 1000 copies/mL. The overall percentage agreement between the methods for the 330 samples was 100%. CONCLUSION We created a novel multi-specimen pooling assay using LabTurbo AIO 48 for the robust detection of SARS-CoV-2, allowing high-throughput results; this assay will aid in better control and prevention of COVID-19. The diagnostic assay was cost-effective and time-efficient; thus, the pooling strategy is a practical and effective method for diagnosing large quantities of specimens without compromising precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yi Chung
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Jr Jian
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Ming Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shan-Shan Hsieh
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Sung Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hui Tang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cherng-Lih Perng
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC,Corresponding author. Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC. Fax: +886 2 87927226
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Asai Y, Nomoto H, Hayakawa K, Matsunaga N, Tsuzuki S, Terada M, Ohtsu H, Kitajima K, Suzuki K, Suzuki T, Nakamura K, Morioka S, Saito S, Saito F, Ohmagari N. Comorbidities as Risk Factors for Severe Disease in Hospitalized Elderly COVID-19 Patients by Different Age-Groups in Japan. Gerontology 2022; 68:1027-1037. [PMID: 34999588 PMCID: PMC8805047 DOI: 10.1159/000521000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Old age is an independent risk factor (RF) for severe COVID-19; evidence for clinico-epidemiological characteristics among elderly COVID-19 patients is scarce. We aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities associated with COVID-19 inpatients in age-stratified populations of an elderly COVID-19 cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using nationwide registry data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized before October 31, 2020 (major information entered in the registry as of December 28, 2020). Participants were divided by age according to the Japan Geriatrics Society and the Japan Gerontological Society: pre-old (65–74 years), old (75–89 years), and super-old (≥90 years). Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses were conducted to identify stratified risk and relationships with comorbidities associated with worse outcomes in different age-groups of elderly patients. Demographics and supportive care were evaluated by category. Results Data of 4,701 patients from 444 hospitals were included. Most patients (79.3%) had at least one comorbidity; the proportion of patients with hypertension was high in all categories. The proportion of patients with dementia, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease increased with age. The percentage of patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was lower in the super-old group. In total, 11.5% of patients died (5.3%, pre-old; 15.2%, old; and 22.4%, super-old). MLR showed that the risk of critical illness differed among age-groups. Male sex was a significant RF in all ages. Collagen disease, moderate to severe renal disorder, and dialysis were significant RFs in older patients, while hematological malignancies and metastatic tumors were more important RFs for severe disease in relatively younger patients. Most of the RFs for critical illnesses were associated with death. Conclusion Differences in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics among the different age-groups were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nomoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Terada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kitajima
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Suzuki
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitake Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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El Mouhayyar C, Dewald J, Cabrales J, Tighiouart H, Moraco AH, Jaber BL, Balakrishnan VS. Factors Associated with Severity of Acute Kidney Injury and Adverse Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:584-592. [PMID: 35675790 PMCID: PMC9393776 DOI: 10.1159/000524657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-recognized complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The short and long-term outcomes of patients who develop AKI have not been well characterized. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill adults with severe COVID-19 and AKI. Patient-level variables were extracted from the electronic medical record. Using nadir-to-peak serum creatinine, AKI was defined using the KDIGO definition. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with development of moderate-to-severe (stage 2-3) AKI, severe (stage-3) AKI, and the composite of renal replacement therapy (RRT) or in-hospital death. RESULTS Among 459 critically ill adults with COVID-19, 371 (80.1%) developed AKI, with 179 (37.9%) developing stage-3 AKI. Male gender, black and Asian/Native American race, lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher body mass index (BMI), and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score were more prevalent among patients with severe AKI, as were systemic markers of inflammation. On multivariable analysis, male gender, black and Asian/Native American race, higher APACHE IV score, lower baseline eGFR, and higher BMI (mainly the highest BMI stratum ≥35 kg/m2) were independently associated with higher stages of AKI severity. Male gender, lower baseline eGFR, and higher APACHE IV score were also independently associated with the composite of RRT or in-hospital death. Moderate-to-severe AKI and severe AKI were independently associated with in-hospital death, and there was a significant interaction between BMI and moderate-to-severe AKI for the outcome of in-hospital death. Among 83 (18.1%) patients who required RRT, 27 (32.5%) survived, and 12 (44.4%) remained dialysis-dependent at discharge. At 3 and 6 months, 5 (41.7%) and 4 (33.3%) remained dialysis-dependent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AKI is common in critically ill adults with COVID-19. Several patient-level risk factors are associated with higher stages of AKI severity. BMI might be an effect modifier of AKI severity for in-hospital death. Among AKI survivors, there is a high rate of short- and long-term dialysis dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher El Mouhayyar
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, .,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Jonathan Dewald
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Cabrales
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hocine Tighiouart
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew H Moraco
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand L Jaber
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Nephrology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vaidyanathapuram S Balakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Nephrology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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MO J, HUANG F, LYU B, SHEN H, WANG Q, XU X, CHAI Q. [Reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:603-608. [PMID: 33210487 PMCID: PMC8800687 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS The procedure of pretreatment, storage, recovery, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods, which were used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients was established in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital. The cleaning and disinfection effects of the protective hoods after treatment were examined by magnifying glass method, residual protein detection method, real-time PCR, and agar pour plate method. RESULTS Twenty five used protective hoods underwent totally 135 times of washing, disinfecting and sterilizing procedures. After washing, all the protein residue tests and COVID-19 nucleic acid tests showed negative results. After sterilizing, all the protective hoods met sterility requirement. All the tested protective hoods were undamaged after reprocessing. CONCLUSIONS The established reuse procedures for used positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaowei XU
- 许骁玮(1975-), 女, 学士, 副主任护师, 主要从事护理管理工作; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-7126
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Abstract
The emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread have created a global health emergency. The resemblance with SARS-CoV in spike protein suggests that SARS-CoV-2 employs spike-driven entry into angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells. From a stem cell perspective, this review focuses on the possible involvement of ACE2+ stem/progenitor cells from both the upper and lower respiratory tracts in coronavirus infection. Viral infection-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury occur because of dysregulation of the immune response. Mesenchymal stem cells appear to be a promising cell therapy given that they favorably modulate the immune response to reduce lung injury. The use of exogenous stem cells may lead to lung repair. Therefore, intervention by transplantation of exogenous stem cells may be required to replace, repair, remodel, and regenerate lung tissue in survivors infected with coronavirus. Ultimately, vaccines, natural killer cells and induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes may offer off-the-shelf therapeutics for preventing coronavirus reemergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Yingfeng Bilogical Group, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Researc (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Rufu Jia
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongyong Tang
- Yinfeng Dingcheng Bioengineering and Technology Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Benjie Wei
- Institute of Life Science, Yingfeng Bilogical Group, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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