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Zhao J, Wang B, Zhan Z, Hu M, Cai F, Świerczek K, Yang K, Ren J, Guo Z, Wang Z. Boron-doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework/carbon shell encapsulated silicon composites for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:790-800. [PMID: 38492380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Deleterious volumetric expansion and poor electrical conductivity seriously hinder the application of Si-based anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, boron-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon framework/carbon shell encapsulated silicon (B-3DCF/Si@C) hybrid composites are successfully prepared by two coating and thermal treatment processes. The presence of 3D porous carbon skeleton and carbon shell effectively improves the mechanical properties of the B-3DCF/Si@C electrode during the cycling process, ensures the stability of the electrical contacts of the silicon particles and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, thus enhancing the electronic conductivity and ion migration efficiency of the anode. The developed B-3DCF/Si@C anode has a high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. A reversible capacity of 1288.5 mAh/g is maintained after 600 cycles at a current density of 400 mA g-1. The improved electrochemical performance is demonstrated in a full cell using a LiFePO4-based cathode. This study presents a novel approach that not only mitigates the large volume expansion effects in LIB anode materials, but also provides a reference model for the preparation of porous composites with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhao
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ziheng Zhan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Meiyang Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feipeng Cai
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Department of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Kaimeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanna Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zeng Z, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Gao F, Ma X, Terrones M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Scalable Synthesis of a Porous Micro Si/Si-Ti Alloy Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery from Recovery of Titanium-Blast Furnace Slag. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:54539-54549. [PMID: 37964444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of Si-anode-based lithium-ion batteries faces obstacles due to their substantial volume expansion, limited intrinsic conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this study, we present a straightforward, cost-effective, yet scalable method for producing a porous micro Si/Si-Ti alloy anode. This method utilizes titanium-blast furnace slag (TBFS) as a raw material and combines aluminothermic reduction with acid etching. By adjusting the Al:TBFS ratio, the specific surface area of the material can be facilely tailored, ranging from 25.89 to 43.23 m2 g-1, enhancing the ICE from 78.2 to 85.5%. The incorporation of the Si-Ti alloy skeleton and porous structure contributes to the enhanced cyclic stability (capacity retention from 50.7 to 96.9%) and conductivity (Rct from 107.7 to 76.6 Ω). The Si/Si-Ti anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including delivering a specific capacity of 1161 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after 200 cycles and 1112 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, with an improved ICE of 81.2%. This study introduces a successful methodology for designing novel Si anodes from recycling waste materials, providing valuable insights for future advancements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zeng
- Sichuan Nabis Silicon-Based Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 615500, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ye Wang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Cheng W, Li N, Liu J, Ma S, Gao X. Solid Electrolyte Interface Film-Forming and Surface-Stabilizing Bifunctional 1,2-Bis((trimethylsilyl)oxy) Benzene as Novel Electrolyte Additive for Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:51025-51035. [PMID: 37877787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has garnered significant attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity yet is still challenged by the substantial volume expansion of silicon particles during the lithiation process, resulting in the instability of the electrode-electrolyte interphase and deteriorative battery performance. Herein, an ortho(trimethylsilyl)oxybenzene electrolyte additive, 1,2-bis((trimethylsilyl)oxy) benzene (referred to as BTMSB), has been investigated as a bifunctional electrolyte additive for Si-based LIBs. The BTMSB can form a uniform and robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of Si-based material particles, adapting the huge volume expansion of the Si-based electrode and facilitating lithium-ion transport. Additionally, the BTMSB demonstrates the ability to scavenge hydrofluoric acid (HF) to stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interphase. The SiOx/C∥Li batteries with 2% BTMSB exhibit improved cycle performance and current-rate capabilities, of which the capacity retention retains 69% after 400 cycles. Furthermore, Si-based anode cells with higher theoretical specific capacities (1C = 550 mAh g-1) and NCM523∥SiOx/C pouch cells are constructed and evaluated, displaying superior cycle performance. This work provides valuable insights for the development of effective electrolyte additives and the commercialization of high energy density LIBs with Si-based anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Na Li
- Yanyi (Hangzhou) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jingcheng Liu
- Yanyi (Hangzhou) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Zhao J, Wei D, Wang J, Yang K, Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhang C, Yang X. Inorganic crosslinked supramolecular binder with fast Self-Healing for high performance silicon based anodes in Lithium-Ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:373-82. [PMID: 35717851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capacity retention is one of the key factors affecting the performance of silicon (Si)-based lithium-ion batteries and other energy storage devices. Herein, a three dimension (3D) network self-healing binder (denoted as PVA + LB) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and lithium metaborate (LiBO2) solution is proposed to improve the cycle stability of Si-based lithium-ion batteries. The reversible capacity of the silicon electrode is maintained at 1767.3 mAh g-1 after 180 cycles when employing PVA + LB as the binder, exhibiting excellent cycling stability. In addition, the silicon/carbon (Si/C) anode with the PVA + LB binder presents superior electrochemical performance, achieving a stable cycle life with a capacity retention of 73.7% (858.3 mAh g-1) after 800 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1. The high viscosity and flexibility, 3D network structure, and self-healing characteristics of the PVA + LB binder are the main reasons to improve the stability of the Si or Si/C contained electrodes. The novel self-healing binder shows great potential in designing the new generation of silicon-based lithium-ion batteries and even electrochemical energy storage devices.
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Zhu W, Zhou J, Xiang S, Bian X, Yin J, Jiang J, Yang L. Progress of Binder Structures in Silicon-Based Anodes for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:712225. [PMID: 34712647 PMCID: PMC8546331 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.712225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been counted as the most promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, safety, and high natural abundance. However, the commercial application of silicon anodes is hindered by its huge volume expansions, poor conductivity, and low coulombic efficiency. For the anode manufacture, binders play an important role of binding silicon materials, current collectors, and conductive agents, and the binder structure can significantly affect the mechanical durability, adhesion, ionic/electronic conductivities, and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) stability of the silicon anodes. Moreover, many cross-linked binders are effective in alleviating the volume expansions of silicon nanosized even microsized anodic materials along with maintaining the anode integrity and stable electrochemical performances. This mini review comprehensively summarizes various binders based on their structures, including the linear, branched, three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked, conductive polymer, and other hybrid binders. The mechanisms how various binder structures influence the performances of the silicon anodes, the limitations, and prospects of different hybrid binders are also discussed. This mini review can help in designing hybrid polymer binders and facilitating the practical application of silicon-based anodes with high electrochemical activity and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueting Bian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Water Treatment Process and Equipment, China Machinery International Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Lishan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Wang Z, Li F, Ding W, Tang X, Xu F, Ding Y. Structural evolution of Si-based anode materials during the lithiation reaction. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:315707. [PMID: 33882458 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfa54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Si-based materials have been intensively investigated as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, the structural evolution of the materials during the lithiation reaction is still unrevealed. In this paper, the structural parameters and mechanical properties of Si, SiOx(0 < x < 2) and SiO2during the lithiation reaction are studied by first-principle calculation based on density functional theory. The relationship between the Li number and expansion coefficient, elastic constant, modulus, and Poisson's ratio is systematically calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhang Wang
- Institute of Rheological Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Rheological Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- College of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiong Tang
- Institute of Rheological Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Xu
- Institute of Rheological Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhuai Ding
- Institute of Rheological Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
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Raza A, Jung JY, Lee CH, Kim BG, Choi JH, Park MS, Lee SM. Swelling-Controlled Double-Layered SiO x/Mg 2SiO 4/SiO x Composite with Enhanced Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Lithium-Ion Battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7161-7170. [PMID: 33539708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Si-based anode materials are considered as potential materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with the advantages of high specific capacities and low operating voltages. However, significant initial capacity loss and large volume variations during cycles are the primary restrictions for the practical application of Si-based anodes. Herein, we propose an affordable and scalable synthesis of double-layered SiOx/Mg2SiO4/SiOx composites through the magnesiothermic reduction of micro-sized SiO with Mg metal powder at 750 °C for 2 h. The distinctive morphology and microstructure of the double-layered SiOx/Mg2SiO4/SiOx composite are beneficial as they remarkably improve the reversibility in the first cycle and completely suppress the volume variations during cycling. In our material design, the outermost layer with a highly porous SiOx structure provides abundant active sites by securing a pathway for efficient access to electrons and electrolytes. The inner layer of Mg2SiO4 can constrain the large volume expansion to increase the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Owing to these promising structural features, the composite prepared with a 2:1 molar ratio of SiO to Mg exhibited initial charge and discharge capacities of 1826 and 1381 mA h g-1, respectively, with an ICE of 75.6%. Moreover, it showed a stable cycle performance, maintaining high capacity retention of up to >86.0% even after 300 cycles. The proposed approach provides practical insight into the mass production of advanced anode materials for high-energy LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Raza
- Electro-Functionality Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Next Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yup Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering of Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University,1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Lee
- Next Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Next Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Next Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering of Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University,1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Electro-Functionality Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Next Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Du C, Ren Y, Li X, Zuo P, Yin G, Ma Y, Cheng X, Gao Y. Free-Standing Sandwich-Type Graphene/Nanocellulose/Silicon Laminar Anode for Flexible Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:29638-29646. [PMID: 30091890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Freely deformable and free-standing electrodes together with high capacity are crucial to realizing flexible Li-ion batteries. Herein, a lamellar graphene/nanocellulose/silicon (GN/NC/Si) film assembled by interpenetrated GN nanosheets is synthesized via a facile vacuum-assisted filtration approach accompanied by the covalent cross-linking effect of glutaraldehyde. The hybrid film consists of the highly conductive GN matrix as an effective current collector, hydroxylated silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) embedded uniformly within GN interlayer and NC as adhesive to cross-link GN and Si NPs. When applied as anode, the GN/NC/Si film exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1251 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles and superior rate capability. More importantly, in the stress-strain test, this film represents robust mechanical strength, which not only provides good flexibility but also accommodates volume change of Si during cycling. By coupling with lithium cobalt oxide as the cathode, the full cell successfully powers a light-emitting diode, even bended and folded, indicating the deformation-tolerant GN/NC/Si film electrode for flexible Li-ion batteries. Therefore, the design of layered nanocomposites will offer the possibility closer to the application of flexible batteries.
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Gao C, Zhao H, Lv P, Zhang T, Xia Q, Wang J. Engineered Si sandwich electrode: Si nanoparticles/graphite sheet hybrid on ni foam for next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:1693-1698. [PMID: 25561398 DOI: 10.1021/am5072755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Si-based electrodes for lithium ion batteries typically exhibit high specific capacity but poor cycling performance. A possible strategy to improve the cycling performance is to design a novel electrode nanostructure. Here we report the design and fabrication of Ni/Si-nanoparticles/graphite clothing hybrid electrodes with a sandwich structure. An efficient dip-coating of Si-NPs combined with carbon deposition was adopted to synthesize the unique architecture, where the Si-NPs are sandwiched between the Ni matrix and the graphite clothing. This material architecture offers many critical features that are desirable for high-performance Si-based electrodes, including efficient ion diffusion, high conductivity, and structure durability, thus ensuring the electrode with outstanding electrochemical performance (reversible capacity of 1800 mA h g(-1) at 2 A g(-1) after 500 cycles). In addition, the hybrid anode does not require any polymeric binder and conductive additives and holds great potential for application in Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
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