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Dingwoke EJ, Adamude FA, Salihu A, Abubakar MS, Sallau AB. Toxicological analyses of the venoms of Nigerian vipers Echis ocellatus and Bitis arietans. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:15. [PMID: 38282015 PMCID: PMC10823708 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the medically important snakes in Nigeria, Echis ocellatus and Bitis arietans have the most lethal venom. These venoms were classified according to the presence of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2s), and snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs). Toxicological analyzes were performed to understand the significance of different protein families in venoms. METHODS Proteins were separated from venom using column chromatography. The skin and footpad of mice were used to determine hemorrhagic and edematogenic activities. Caprine blood plasma was used to test fibrinolytic activity in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that, compared to the crude venom, the SVMP fraction induced hemorrhagic effects with a diameter of 26.00 ± 1.00 mm in E. ocellatus and 21.33 ± 1.52 mm in B. arietans. Both SVSP and SVMP had anticoagulant effects; however, the SVSP fraction had a stronger effect, with a longer anticoagulation time of 30.00 ± 3.00 min in E. ocellatus and 26.00 ± 2.00 min in B. arietans. These main venom toxins, SVMPs, SVSPs, and PLA2, were found to have edema-forming effects that were optimal at 2 h after envenomation. PLA2s had the highest edema-inducing activity, with onset 30 min after envenomation. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of SVMPs in altering the integrity of the membrane structure and impairing the blood coagulation system, an antivenom that can specifically neutralize its activity could inhibit the hemorrhage effects of the venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka John Dingwoke
- Department of Tropical Diseases, UNESCO-International Center for Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Venom, Antivenom and Natural Toxins Research Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Fatima Adis Adamude
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
- Venom, Antivenom and Natural Toxins Research Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Salihu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Mujitaba Suleiman Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Venom, Antivenom and Natural Toxins Research Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Venom, Antivenom and Natural Toxins Research Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
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Miyamoto JG, Kitano ES, Zelanis A, Nachtigall PG, Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Sant'Anna SS, Lauria da Silva R, Bersanetti PA, Carmona AK, Barbosa Pereira PJ, Serrano SMT, Vilela Oliva ML, Tashima AK. A novel metalloproteinase-derived cryptide from Bothrops cotiara venom inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Biochimie 2024; 216:90-98. [PMID: 37839625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are primarily composed of proteins and peptides, which selectively interact with specific molecular targets, disrupting prey homeostasis. Identifying toxins and the mechanisms involved in envenoming can lead to the discovery of new drugs based on natural peptide scaffolds. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based peptidomics to sequence 197 peptides in the venom of Bothrops cotiara, including a novel 7-residue peptide derived from a snake venom metalloproteinase. This peptide, named Bc-7a, features a pyroglutamic acid at the N-terminal and a PFR motif at the C-terminal, homologous to bradykinin. Using FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) substrate assays, we demonstrated that Bc-7a strongly inhibits the two domains of angiotensin converting enzyme (Ki < 1 μM). Our findings contribute to the repertoire of biologically active peptides from snake venoms capable of inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), beyond current known structural motifs and precursors. In summary, we report a novel snake venom peptide with ACE inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential contribution to the hypotensive effect observed in envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Gabriel Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Shigueo Kitano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inácio Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Lauria da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ito LT, Miyamoto JG, Sant'Anna SS, Grego KF, Tanaka-Azevedo AM, Tashima AK. Unveiling the peptidome diversity of Lachesismuta snake venom: Discovery of novel fragments of metalloproteinase, l-amino acid oxidase, and bradykinin potentiating peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 683:149090. [PMID: 37862779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are known to be major sources of peptides with different pharmacological properties. In this study, we comprehensively explored the venom peptidomes of three specimens of Lachesismuta, the largest venomous snake in South America, using mass spectrometry techniques. The analysis revealed 19 main chromatographic peaks common to all specimens. A total of 151 peptides were identified, including 69 from a metalloproteinase, 58 from the BPP-CNP precursor, and 24 from a l-amino acid oxidase. To our knowledge, 126 of these peptides were reported for the first time in this work, including a new SVMP-derived peptide fragment, Lm-10a. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of toxin maturation in snake venoms, driven by proteolytic processing, post-translational modifications, and cryptide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-901, Brazil
| | - Jackson G Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-901, Brazil
| | | | - Kathleen F Grego
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-901, Brazil.
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Wei Y, Lu QY, Zhong XJ, Guo L, Zeng FY, Sun QY. Cobra venom P-III class metalloproteinase atrase a induces inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in endothelial cells via its metalloproteinase domain. Toxicon 2023:107210. [PMID: 37393957 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which are a critical component of viperid and crotalid venoms, play various important roles in the pathogenesis of snakebite envenomation. The SVMPs from elapid venoms are not well elucidated, as compared with those from viperid and crotalid venoms. Atrase A is a nonhemorrhagic P-III SVMP purified from Naja atra venom that possesses only weak fibrinogenolytic activity. In our prior study, we found that atrase A detached adherent cells from the substrate. In this work, we investigated further the effect and mechanism of atrase A on endothelial cells. Oxidative damage, inflammatory mediators, apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were measured after HMEC-1 cells were exposed to atrase A. The results showed that HMEC-1 cells released inflammatory mediators, exihibited oxidative damage and apoptosis after exposure to atrase A. The Western blot analysis results revealed that atrase A increased Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels and activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in endothelial cells. The effects on endothelial cells were nearly completely abolished after atrase A was treated with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. These results showed that atrase A led to an inflammatory response, cellular injury and apoptosis in endothelial cells, and this effect was due to its metalloproteinase domain. The study contributes to a better understanding of the structures and functions of cobra venom P-III class metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qing-Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xin-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Fan-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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5
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Echeverría SM, Van de Velde AC, Luque DE, Cardozo CM, Kraemer S, Gauna Pereira MDC, Gay CC. Platelet aggregation inhibitors from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Toxicon 2023; 223:107014. [PMID: 36610603 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that can activate/inhibit platelet aggregation. Bothrops alternatus venom include three main families: metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serinoproteinases (SVSPs) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), among other minor components. In this work, we used inhibitor cocktails (containing Na2-EDTA, PMSF and/or pBPB) to investigate the effect of these three families and of baltergin (a PIII SVMP) on platelet aggregation by a turbidmetric method using a microplate reader. Cocktails 1 (active SVMPs) and 2 (active PLA2s) significantly reduced aggregation induced by ristocetin and collagen and by collagen and thrombin, respectively. Cocktail 3 (active SVSPs) showed a mild activation of aggregation, indicating the content of thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs) in this venom is low. Cocktail 4 (active minor components) displayed inhibitory effect with all agonists assayed (ristocetin, ADP, collagen and thrombin) but at higher IC50 values. Baltergin exhibited inhibitory effect when the catalytic domain was active for ristocetin-stimulated platelet aggregation and showed a non-enzymatic mechanism of inhibition when collagen was used as agonist. It was not able to disaggregate platelet thrombus. We conclude that B. alternatus venom is a source of natural inhibitors of platelet aggregation due to the action of SVMPs and PLA2s. Other minor components such as C-type lectins likely contribute to the antiplatelet effect. The interest in knowing the action of venom components on platelet function lies both in the understanding of the pathophysiology of snake bite envenomation and in their biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina M Echeverría
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Van de Velde
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Daiana E Luque
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Cristhian M Cardozo
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Simón Kraemer
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Gauna Pereira
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Gay
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina.
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6
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Sun QY, Wang CE, Li YN, Bao J. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation by a P-III class metalloproteinase purified from Naja atra venom. Toxicon 2020; 187:223-231. [PMID: 32971099 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are an important component in viperid and crotalid venoms, and these SVMPs play important and versatile roles in the pathogenesis of snakebite envenoming. The SVMPs from elapid venoms are not well elucidated compared with those from viperid and crotalid venoms. Atrase B is a nonhemorrhagic P-III SVMP purified from the Naja atra venom, which possesses a weak fibrinogenolytic activity. In this paper, the activity and mechanism of atrase B against platelet aggregation and blood coagulation were investigated. The in vitro assay showed that atrase B remarkably inhibited ristocetin- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by cleavage of the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib, and the coagulation of normal human plasma, which may be caused by inhibiting coagulation factor VIII predominantly. When atrase B was intravenously injected into rats at doses of 0.05 and 0.30 mg/kg, the activated partial thromboplastin and the thrombin times were significantly prolonged in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the fibrinogen level decreased, but only a high dose of atrase B showed remarkable activity against platelet aggregation. Results suggested that anticoagulation was a more important function of atrase B compared with its activity against platelet aggregation. These results indicated that atrase B may play an important role in the anticoagulant properties of Naja atra venom. In addition, atrase B may be a potent anticoagulant agent because its effectiveness in vivo against platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Cai-E Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Juan Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
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7
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Goetz SM, Piccolomini S, Hoffman M, Bogan J, Holding ML, Mendonça MT, Steen DA. Serum-based inhibition of pitviper venom by eastern indigo snakes ( Drymarchon couperi). Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040964. [PMID: 30824421 PMCID: PMC6451346 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When organisms possess chemical defenses, their predators may eventually evolve resistance to their toxins. Eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi; EIS) prey on pitvipers and are suspected to possess physiological resistance to their venom. In this study, we formally investigated this hypothesis using microassays that measured the ability of EIS blood sera to inhibit (A) hemolytic and (B) snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) activity of copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) venom. To serve as controls, we also tested the inhibitory ability of sera from house mice (Mus musculus) and checkered gartersnakes (Thamnophis marcianus), a snake that does not feed on pitvipers. Sera from both EIS and gartersnakes inhibited over 60% of SVMP activity, while only EIS sera also inhibited venom hemolytic activity (78%). Our results demonstrate that EIS serum is indeed capable of inhibiting two of the primary classes of toxins found in copperhead venom, providing the first empirical evidence suggesting that EIS possess physiological resistance to venom upon injection. Because we documented resistance to hemolytic components of pitviper venom within EIS but not gartersnakes, we speculate this resistance may be driven by selection from feeding on pitvipers while resistance to SVMP may be relatively widespread among snakes. Summary: We confirm eastern indigo snakes possess a physiological resistance to pitviper venom and speculate that venom resistance in snakes may be a product of antagonistic interactions and phylogenetically conserved traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Goetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sara Piccolomini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michelle Hoffman
- Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation, Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Eustis, FL 32736, USA
| | - James Bogan
- Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation, Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Eustis, FL 32736, USA
| | - Matthew L Holding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Mary T Mendonça
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - David A Steen
- Georgia Sea Turtle Center, Jekyll Island Authority, Jekyll Island, GA 31527, USA
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Yee KT, Tongsima S, Vasieva O, Ngamphiw C, Wilantho A, Wilkinson MC, Somparn P, Pisitkun T, Rojnuckarin P. Analysis of snake venom metalloproteinases from Myanmar Russell's viper transcriptome. Toxicon 2018; 146:31-41. [PMID: 29567103 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are the key enzymes in Russell's viper (RV) venom which target all important components of haemostasis, such as clotting factors, platelets, endothelial cells and basement membrane. The structural diversity of SVMPs contributes to the broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of the study was to investigate the SVMP transcript profile to gain better insights into the characteristic clinical manifestations of the Myanmar Russell's viper (MRV) bites that distinguish it from the RVs of other habitats. Next generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) of mRNA from MRV venom glands (2 males and 1 female) was performed on an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform and then de novo assembled using Trinity software. A total of 59 SVMP contigs were annotated through a Blastn search against the serpent nucleotide database from NCBI. Among them, disintegrins were the most abundant transcripts (75%) followed by the P-III class SVMPs (25%). The P-II SVMPs were scarce (0.002%), while no P-I SVMPs were detectable in the transcriptome. For detailed structural analysis, contigs were conceptually translated and compared with amino acid sequences from other RVs and other vipers using Clustal Omega. The RTS-disintegrin (jerdostatin homolog) was the most abundant among transcripts corresponding to 5 disintegrin isoforms. From 10 isoforms of SVMPs, RVV-X, and Vipera lebetina apoptosis-inducing protease (VLAIP) homolog, hereby termed Daboia siamensis AIP (DSAIP), were found to be highly expressed. Venom protein analysis using SDS-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry revealed that the disintegrin was scarce, while the latter two SVMPs were abundant. These two proteins can contribute to severe clinical manifestations caused by MRV envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Than Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Biochemistry Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PathumThani, Thailand
| | - Olga Vasieva
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Ingenet Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PathumThani, Thailand
| | - Alisa Wilantho
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PathumThani, Thailand
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Arpitha A, Sebastin Santhosh M, Rohit AC, Girish KS, Vinod D, Aparna HS. Inhibition of Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by β-Lactoglobulin Peptide from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Colostrum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1415-32. [PMID: 28155167 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptide research has experienced considerable therapeutic interest owing to varied physiological functions, efficacy in excretion, and tolerability of peptides. Colostrum is a rich natural source of bioactive peptides with many properties elucidated such as anti-thrombotic, anti-hypertensive, opioid, immunomodulatory, etc. In this study, a variant peptide derived from β-lactoglobulin from buffalo colostrum was evaluated for the anti-ophidian property by targeting snake venom metalloproteinases. These are responsible for rapid local tissue damages that develop after snakebite such as edema, hemorrhage, myonecrosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. The peptide identified by LC-MS/MS effectively neutralized hemorrhagic activity of the Echis carinatus venom in a dose-dependent manner. Histological examinations revealed that the peptide mitigated basement membrane degradation and accumulation of inflammatory leucocytes at the venom-injected site. Inhibition of proteolytic activity was evidenced in both casein and gelatin zymograms. Also, inhibition of fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities was seen. The UV-visible spectral study implicated Zn2+ chelation, which was further confirmed by molecular docking and dynamic studies by assessing molecular interactions, thus implicating the probable mechanism for inhibition of venom-induced proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities. The present investigation establishes newer vista for the BLG-col peptide with anti-ophidian efficacy as a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions.
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Schneider FS, de Almeida Lima S, Reis de Ávila G, Castro KL, Guerra-Duarte C, Sanchez EF, Nguyen C, Granier C, Molina F, Chávez-Olortegui C. Identification of protective B-cell epitopes of Atroxlysin-I: A metalloproteinase from Bothrops atrox snake venom. Vaccine 2016; 34:1680-7. [PMID: 26917009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atroxlysin-I (Atr-I) is a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops atrox venom, the snake responsible for the majority of bites in the north region of South America. SVMPs like Atr-I produce toxic effects in victims including hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis and blood coagulation deficiency. Mapping of B-cell epitopes in SVMPs might result in the identification of non-toxic molecules capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies and improving the anti-venom therapy. Here, using the SPOT-synthesis technique we identified two epitopes located in the N-ter region of Atr-I (AtrEp1-(22)YNGNSDKIRRRIHQM(36); and AtrEp2-(55)GVEIWSNKDLINVQ(68)). Based on the sequence of AtrEp1 and AtrEp2 a third peptide named Atr-I biepitope (AtrBiEp) was designed and synthesized ((23)NGNSDKIRRRIH(34)GG(55)GVEIWSNKDLINVQ(68)). AtrBiEp was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Anti-AtrBiEp serum cross-reacted against Atr-I in western blot and was able to fully neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of Atr-I. Our results provide a rational basis for the identification of neutralizing epitopes on Atr-I snake venom toxin and show that the use of synthetic peptides could improve the generation of immuno-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Schneider
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - S de Almeida Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - G Reis de Ávila
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - K L Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C Guerra-Duarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E F Sanchez
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C Nguyen
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - C Granier
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - F Molina
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - C Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Kurtović T, Lang Balija M, Ayvazyan N, Halassy B. Paraspecificity of Vipera a. ammodytes-specific antivenom towards Montivipera raddei and Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venoms. Toxicon 2013; 78:103-12. [PMID: 24378834 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antivenom raised against the venom of nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (V. a.) ammodytes (European viper venom antiserum, Zagreb antivenom), contains neutralising equine F(ab')₂ fragments that are clinically successful against homologous venom, but also against the venoms of several others medically important European snakes due to its paraspecific action. In this work we demonstrated that Zagreb antivenom is preclinically effective in neutralising lethal toxicity and hemorrhagicity of venoms of Armenian mountain snakes--Montivipera raddei and Macrovipera lebetina obtusa as well. In order to better understand the biochemical basis of the observed paraspecificity, the ability of anti-V. a. ammodytes serum to recognise and neutralise proteinases of the two venoms was also investigated. Anti-V. a. ammodytes serum showed surprisingly low capacity to inhibit metalloproteinases of both venoms included in the study, probably due to weak immunorecognition of their P-I representatives. Also, it completely failed to abolish enzymatic action of serine proteinases from Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom. Relevance of such finding is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Kurtović
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lang Balija
- Institute of Immunology Inc., Rockefellerova 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Naira Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22, Orbeli Bros. str., Yerevan 0028, Armenia
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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