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Li JY, Zhou CM, Jin RL, Song JH, Yang KC, Li SL, Tan BH, Li YC. The detection methods currently available for protein aggregation in neurological diseases. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102420. [PMID: 38626816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a pathological feature in various neurodegenerative diseases and is thought to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of neurological disorders. This pathological phenomenon has attracted increasing attention from researchers, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Researchers are increasingly interested in identifying chemicals or methods that can effectively detect protein aggregation or maintain protein stability to prevent aggregation formation. To date, several methods are available for detecting protein aggregates, including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular detection methods. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of methods to observe protein aggregation in situ under a microscope. This article reviews the two main aspects of protein aggregation: the mechanisms and detection methods of protein aggregation. The aim is to provide clues for the development of new methods to study this pathological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Cheng-Mei Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Rui-Lin Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Ke-Chao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Dunn C, Brettle D, Cockroft M, Keating E, Revie C, Treanor D. Quantitative assessment of H&E staining for pathology: development and clinical evaluation of a novel system. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:42. [PMID: 38395890 PMCID: PMC10885446 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staining tissue samples to visualise cellular detail and tissue structure is at the core of pathology diagnosis, but variations in staining can result in significantly different appearances of the tissue sample. While the human visual system is adept at compensating for stain variation, with the growth of digital imaging in pathology, the impact of this variation can be more profound. Despite the ubiquity of haematoxylin and eosin staining in clinical practice worldwide, objective quantification is not yet available. We propose a method for quantitative haematoxylin and eosin stain assessment to facilitate quality assurance of histopathology staining, enabling truly quantitative quality control and improved standardisation. METHODS The stain quantification method comprises conventional microscope slides with a stain-responsive biopolymer film affixed to one side, called stain assessment slides. The stain assessment slides were characterised with haematoxylin and eosin, and implemented in one clinical laboratory to quantify variation levels. RESULTS Stain assessment slide stain uptake increased linearly with duration of haematoxylin and eosin staining (r = 0.99), and demonstrated linearly comparable staining to samples of human liver tissue (r values 0.98-0.99). Laboratory implementation of this technique quantified intra- and inter-instrument variation of staining instruments at one point in time and across a five-day period. CONCLUSION The proposed method has been shown to reliably quantify stain uptake, providing an effective laboratory quality control method for stain variation. This is especially important for whole slide imaging and the future development of artificial intelligence in digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Dunn
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - David Brettle
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Cockroft
- New Technology Group, Futamura Chemical UK Limited, Wigton, UK
| | | | | | - Darren Treanor
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Liu Y, Yang S, Chen X, Ke M. Comparison of different lipid staining methods in human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109658. [PMID: 37741430 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the utility of four different dyes for intracellular lipid detection in immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (IHMGECs). IHMGECs were cultured in a serum-containing medium for 10 days in the presence or absence of Roxadustat (Roxa), a known inducer of IHMGEC differentiation. Cells were then fixed and stained with Oil Red O (ORO), Sudan III (SIII), LipidTOX green (LT), or Nile Red (NR). IHMGECs were evaluated for the number, size, and area of stained intracellular lipid vesicles or the intensity of staining using bright field (ORO, SIII) or fluorescence (LT, NR) microscopy. Data were captured with ImageJ and analyzed with Student's two-tailed t-test. Our findings demonstrate that different staining methods can yield significantly different patterns of intracellular lipid quantity and/or distribution in IHMGECs. ORO and SIII significantly increased the size and area of lipid-containing vesicles in Roxa-treated cells. Neither stain showed a change in the number of vesicles during IHMGEC differentiation. Vesicle size was significantly greater in cells stained with ORO, as compared to SIII. In addtion, LT, but not NR, showed a significant increase in intracellular lipid intensity in IHMGECs following Roxa -induced differentiation. Our results demonstrate significant differences in the distribution patterns and intensities of lipid-containing vesicles in IHMGECs after staining with ORO, SIII, LT, and NR. ORO, SIII, and LT, but not NR staining, are helpful methods to help identify and quantitate the extent of intracellular lipid accumulation during IHMGEC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Bahmad HF, Alloush F, Salami A, Sawah R, Lusnia C, Kilinc E, Sutherland T, Alghamdi S, Poppiti RJ. Routine elastin staining improves venous invasion detection in colorectal carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 66:152170. [PMID: 37295037 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in North America. Invasion of tumor cells into lymphatic and blood vessels is an imperative step in the metastatic progression of colorectal carcinoma. OBJECTIVES This is a before-and-after study conducted by the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine of Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida to assess the impact on venous invasion (VI) detection by implementing routine elastin staining on all tumor-containing blocks per case, where feasible, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resection specimens. METHODS Clinicopathological parameters of CRC specimens were collected from January until December 2021 (n = 93) for the pre-implementation cohort and from January until December 2022 (n = 61) for the post-implementation cohort. RESULTS VI detection was significantly increased in the post-implementation cohort at a rate of 50.8 % compared to only 18.6 % in the pre-implementation cohort. The majority of VI identified in the pre-implementation cohort was extramural (61.5 %), whereas in the post-implementation cohort it was intramural (41.9 %). On univariate analysis, implementation of routine elastin stain was associated with strikingly increased VI detection rates (OR = 4.5, p-value < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for other clinicopathologic variables, elastin staining retained its independent statistically significant impact on VI detection (OR = 2.6, p-value = 0.034). Of note, there were no significant differences in the pre- and post-implementation cohorts in the frequency of nodal metastases, tumor extent, histologic grade, perineural invasion, T stage or M stage. CONCLUSION Based on our results and what has been published recently, we confirm an increase in the VI detection rate after implementing routine elastin staining on all tumor-containing blocks in CRC resection specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
| | - Ferial Alloush
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Ali Salami
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Rachel Sawah
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ciara Lusnia
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ekim Kilinc
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Tyson Sutherland
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Sarah Alghamdi
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert J Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Krampah C, Nyanzu F, Quaye A, Adu P, Asiamah EA, Aboagye B, Simpong DL. Crude extracts from Allium cepa skin and Sorghum bicolor seed can provide as non-toxic and eco-friendly cytoplasmic stains. Pract Lab Med 2021; 26:e00239. [PMID: 34150969 PMCID: PMC8193152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staining is an important histological process; however, the use of non-toxic and environmentally friendly products is generally required. We explored the staining quality of two natural plants, Allium cepa skin and Sorghum bicolor seed extract on the cytoplasm. Materials and methods Distilled water at 37 °C and 1% acid-ethanol were respectively used to extract the dyes from Allium cepa skin and Sorghum bicolor seed. Result The application of these two dyes on rodent tissue showed an excellent cytoplasmic histomorphology. Conclusion Allium cepa skin and Sorghum bicolor seed extracts are good cytoplasmic dyes when used as counterstain for haematoxylin. At acidic pH (3.5), Allium cepa skin extract stains cytoplasm and shows comparable result to eosin application. Similarly, at a pH of 7.0, crude extract from Sorghum bicolor seed stains the cytoplasm with clear cellular features. These extracts can serve as non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes for the demonstration of cellular and tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Krampah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Franklin Nyanzu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Abraham Quaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Patrick Adu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | | | - David Larbi Simpong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Min JH, Kim BR, Kim BI. Optical detection of the potential for tooth discoloration from children's beverages by quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102240. [PMID: 33662616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some beverages are known to cause extrinsic staining on the tooth. This study investigated the degree of pigmentation caused by children's acidic beverages, and to confirm the possibility of the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology in assessing staining of the tooth. METHODS Bovine tooth specimens were subjected to an 8-day pH-cycling model, using six children's beverages (experimental groups) and a cola (control group), and a remineralizing solution. Before and after the pH-cycling, white-light and fluorescence images of the enamel surface were photographed with a QLF to evaluate color change (ΔEafter) and fluorescence loss (ΔFafter), respectively. Paired t-test was used to compare the tooth colors obtained before and after the pH-cycling. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between the ΔEafter and ΔFafter values. RESULTS Median ΔEafter values of all the beverages ranged from 1.33 to 20.42, showing the greatest value in Koal-Koal Koala™ (KKK, p < 0.001). The ΔEafter was correlated with ΔFafter value negatively (ρ=-0.611, p < 0.001). The median ΔFafter varied by beverages (-38.86-0.00) and KKK caused the greatest value. CONCLUSIONS The cola and 6 children's beverages showed the possibility for discoloration on the tooth. The QLF technology may enable monitoring the discoloration induced on the tooth surface by acidic beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Min
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-ro, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-ro, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lertsukprasert N, Locharoenrat K. Efficiency of tooth bleaching agent on staining and discoloration characteristics of nicotine stained dental enamel model. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32778103 PMCID: PMC7418311 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surface staining and deeper discoloration characteristics of peroxide-based bleaching agents in the nicotine stain in dental enamel model were evaluated in the present study. Methods Nicotine stained dental enamel fragments (n = 36) were prepared and were subjected to the bleaching ingredients for a fixed treatment time of 30 min. The bleaching agents were composed of limonene, coconut diethanolamide, and carbamide peroxide served as solvent, nonionic surfactant, and oxidizer, respectively. Optical analysis was carried out considering color stability via colorimeter and UV-Vis spectrometer. Results Degrees of color variations were significantly influenced by nicotine content and bleaching ingredient factors. They varied in the range of approximately 3.00 and 5.00 units for all tooth-bleaching agents. The most prominent degrees of color variation elevations were obtained in the tooth bleaching formulae set #2 (1.0% limonene + 20% coconut diethanolamide) in the stained tooth model in comparison to set #1 (0.5% limonene + 10% coconut diethanolamide) and set #3 (1.5% limonene + 30% coconut diethanolamide), partly due to the perceptible color changes. The lowest degree of color variation under a dose limitation was found in the tooth bleaching formulae set #2 + 10% carbamide peroxide formulation. Absorbance spectra were also evaluated after the interaction of bleaching treatment. They confirmed a relationship between nicotine content and discoloration characteristics of the tooth bleaching formulae set #2 + 10% carbamide peroxide. Conclusions Carbamide peroxide is considered as generator of free radicals. It converts the color of stains to clear by oxidizing the organic compounds in the stained dental enamel model, achieving whiteness enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Lertsukprasert
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
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Johannsen A, Emilson CG, Johannsen G, Konradsson K, Lingström P, Ramberg P. Effects of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on dental calculus, dental plaque, gingivitis, halitosis and stain: A systematic review. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02850. [PMID: 31872105 PMCID: PMC6909063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence for the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice in relation to dental calculus, dental plaque, gingivitis, halitosis and staining. Data and sources Medline OVID, Embase.com, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception until June 2017. Six researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the 6-month gingivitis studies was done. Risk of bias was estimated using a checklist from the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU, 2018). Study selection Two studies on dental calculus, 21 on dental plaque and gingivitis, 4 on halitosis, and 5 on stain met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was high for the studies on dental calculus, halitosis, and stain, and varied for the dental plaque and gingivitis studies. Significant reductions in dental calculus and in halitosis were reported for the SnF2 dentifrice; no differences in stain reduction were noted. A meta-analysis on gingivitis found better results for the SnF2 dentifrice compared to other dentifrices, though the results of the individual trials in the meta-analyses showed a substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions The present review found that stabilized SnF2 toothpaste had a positive effect on the reduction of dental calculus build-up, dental plaque, gingivitis, stain and halitosis. A tendency towards a more pronounced effect than using toothpastes not containing SnF2 was found. However, a new generation of well conducted randomized trials are needed to further support these findings. Clinical relevance Adding a SnF2 toothpaste to the daily oral care routine is an easy strategy that may have multiple oral health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johannsen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C-G Emilson
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Johannsen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Konradsson
- Department of Odontology, Dental School, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Ramberg
- Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Heidari A, Shahrabi M, Shahrabi MS. Efficacy of Three Toothpastes in Iron Stain Removal from Primary Teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:10-14. [PMID: 31496564 PMCID: PMC6710951 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the iron stain removal efficacy of three toothpastes in extracted primary teeth. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, 60 extracted sound primary teeth were selected, decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, and their pulp chambers were filled with a composite. The teeth were then immersed in ferrous sulfate solution and brushed 3,000 times in an automatic tooth-brushing machine using Colgate, whitening Crest, and conventional Crest dentifrices. Stain removal was done in four groups using a prophylaxis paste. Digital images were obtained from the teeth before and after brushing with dentifrices and the changes in color parameters were measured using Photoshop and iColor software programs. Changes in color parameters were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA while multiple comparisons were done by Tukey's test. Results The greatest change in chroma was observed in the prophylaxis group and then in the whitening Crest, Colgate, and conventional Crest (mean values of −65.2, −31.07, −21.27, and −0.73, respectively). Prophylaxis completely removed the stains. The greatest reduction in value occurred in conventional Crest, Colgate, and whitening Crest (−18.07, −12.23, and −0.4, respectively). In the L*a*b* system, the least reductions were noted in the whitening Crest, Colgate, and conventional Crest (mean values of −1.96, −3.92, and −3.37, respectively). Prophylaxis significantly improved tooth brightness (a mean increase of 4.26). Conclusion None of the toothpastes in this study were capable of effectively removing iron stains. Crest whitening toothpaste was slightly effective in this regard. Clinical significance Iron drops are routinely prescribed for children younger than 2 years of age to prevent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. However, iron stains on teeth are a common concern for many parents. Finding toothpastes with greater efficacy for iron stain removal can help in this respect. How to cite this article Heidari A, Shahrabi M, et al. Efficacy of Three Toothpastes in Iron Stain Removal from Primary Teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):10–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Heidari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahrabi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh S Shahrabi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Loussert L, Guerby P, Simon Toulza C, Vidal F. Finally an evidence-based indication for injectable phloroglucinol! J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:825-826. [PMID: 30999056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While phloroglucinol is widely prescribed in European countries for its antispasmodic properties, recent high quality data failed to demonstrate its superiority to placebo in alleviating abdominal pain. Rumors suggest that injectable presentation of phloroglucinol may erase povidone-iodine stains. We thus aimed to evaluate its efficacy in this new indication. METHODS In this double-blind, controlled trial, we randomly assigned 9 squares of fabric obtained from common white coat to receive injectable phloroglucinol (experimental arm), stain remover (active control arm) or water (placebo arm). The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in stain intensity 10 min after the intervention. RESULTS In placebo and active control arms, povidone-iodine stains remained unchanged 10 min after treatment application. In contrast, the stain disappeared completely in the experimental arm. CONCLUSION Injectable phloroglucinol was more effective than usual stain remover and water to remove povidone-iodine stains from white coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Loussert
- CHU Toulouse, Pôle de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, F-31059, France
| | - Paul Guerby
- CHU Toulouse, Pôle de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, F-31059, France
| | - Caroline Simon Toulza
- Bien-naître Rive Gauche, Clinique Rive Gauche, 49 allées Charles de Fittes, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Vidal
- CHU Toulouse, Pôle de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, F-31059, France; Université de Toulouse III, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31073, France.
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Begley C, Caffery B, Chalmers R, Situ P, Simpson T, Nelson JD. Review and analysis of grading scales for ocular surface staining. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:208-220. [PMID: 30654024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vital dye staining has been used for over a century to assess the severity of ocular surface disease. However, despite common usage, a universally accepted "gold standard" grading scale does not exist for corneal and conjunctival staining, which can impact the ability to diagnose and monitor ocular surface conditions such as dry eye. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international regulatory agencies rely on ocular surface staining as a primary endpoint for new drug approvals, so that absence of a "gold standard" scale may affect approval of new drug treatments. To begin to address this problem, we review existing, published grading scales in an integrated fashion, highlighting their differences and similarities to emphasize common themes and the methods and elements that are important in creating a standardized scale. Our goal is to aid the field in moving towards an accepted standardized grading scale for ocular surface staining that can be applied in clinic and research settings for a variety of ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Begley
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | | | | | - Ping Situ
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Trefford Simpson
- University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J Daniel Nelson
- Department of Ophthalmology, HealthPartners Medical Group, Bloomington, MN, USA
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Stinson-Bagby KL, Roberts R, Foster EJ. Effective cellulose nanocrystal imaging using transmission electron microscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:429-38. [PMID: 29456006 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is often complex and tedious. With their increased use for biological materials, polymer reinforcing agents, and other applications, better characterization methods of CNCs are needed to ensure product quality. However, because of their small size, hydrogen bonding, and low electron density, individual CNCs are difficult to image with high resolution and magnification using electron microscopy. Methods to help counter these challenges include staining for increased contrast and techniques to increase dispersion. This work tested several stains, dispersing agents, and sample supports to find a consistent method of individualizing CNCs and providing good contrast for imaging in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The most consistent method found uses a low concentration of CNCs, bovine serum albumin as a dispersing agent, and Nanovan® as the contrasting stain on a silicon monoxide-coated Formvar TEM grid.
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Cha MS, Lee SW, Huh YH, Cho LR, Park CJ. Metal stain on monolithic zirconia restoration: A case report. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9:138-142. [PMID: 28435624 PMCID: PMC5397591 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In restorative treatment using fixed dental prostheses, dentists should select appropriate restoration material among various types of dental materials. The strength, marginal fit, esthetics, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and cost are important factors in the choice of restoration materials. The present case showed a surface stain on a monolithic zirconia restoration that was due to wear between the monolithic zirconia restoration and the base metal alloy restoration. This phenomenon was confirmed by surface roughness measurement and electron probe micro-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sang Cha
- Department of Dentistry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Garot E, Couture-Veschambre C, Manton D, Rodriguez V, Lefrais Y, Rouas P. Diagnostic guide enabling distinction between taphonomic stains and enamel hypomineralisation in an archaeological context. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:28-36. [PMID: 27865101 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a structural anomaly that affects the quality of tooth enamel and has important consequences for oral health. The developmentally hypomineralised enamel has normal thickness and can range in colour from white to yellow or brown with or without surface breakdown. The possibility of finding MIH in 'ancient populations' could downplay several current aetiological hypotheses (e.g., dioxin derivatives, bisphenols, antibiotics) without excluding the possible multifactorial aspect of the anomaly. In an archaeological context, chemical elements contained in the burial ground can stain teeth yellow or brown and therefore might create a taphonomic bias. The purpose of the present study is to test a proposed diagnostic guide enabling determination of the pathological or taphonomic cause of enamel discolouration and defects that resemble MIH present on 'ancient teeth'. DESIGN Two sample groups including MIH discoloration (n=12 teeth) from living patients, taphonomic discoloration (n=9 teeth) and unknown discoloration (n=2 teeth) from medieval specimens were tested. Three non-destructive methods-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence were utilised. RESULTS Hypomineralised enamel has decreased mineral density (p<0.0001) and increased phosphate/β-carbonate ratio (p<0.01) compared to normal enamel whereas relative concentrations of manganese, copper, iron and lead are similar. In taphonomic discoloration, relative concentrations of these elements are significantly different (p<0.05) to normal enamel whereas mineral density and Raman spectra profile are comparable. CONCLUSIONS Enamel hypomineralisation can be distinguished from taphonomic staining in archaeological teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Garot
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France.
| | | | - David Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yannick Lefrais
- Université Bordeaux Montaigne, CRP2A, UMR 5060, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Rouas
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
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Akwagyiram I, Butler A, Maclure R, Colgan P, Yan N, Bosma ML. A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a 67 % sodium bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash tooth staining. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:79. [PMID: 27557865 PMCID: PMC4997671 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis can develop as a reaction to dental plaque. It can be limited by curtailing plaque build-up through actions including tooth brushing and the use of medicinal mouthwashes, such as those containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), that can reach parts of the mouth that may be missed when brushing. This study aimed to compare dental stain control of twice-daily brushing with a sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice containing 67 % sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or a commercially available NaF silica dentifrice without NaHCO3, while using a mouthwash containing 0.2 % CHX. Methods This was a 6-week, randomised, two-site, examiner-blind, parallel-group study in healthy subjects with at least ‘mild’ stain levels on the facial surfaces of ≥4 teeth and ≥15 bleeding sites. Assessment was via modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI), the score being the mean of stain intensity multiplied by area (MLSI [IxA]). Results One hundred and fifty of 160 randomised subjects completed the study. There were no significant differences in Overall (facial and lingual) MLSI (IxA) scores between dentifrices. The Facial MLSI (IxA) was statistically significant at 6 weeks, favouring the 67 % NaHCO3 dentifrice (p = 0.0404). Post-hoc analysis, conducted due to a significant site interaction, found significant differences for all MLSI scores in favour of the 67 % NaHCO3 dentifrice at Site 1 (both weeks) but not Site 2. Conclusions No overall significant differences were found between a 67 and 0 % NaHCO3 dentifrice in controlling CHX stain; a significant difference on facial surfaces suggests advantage of the former on more accessible surfaces. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01962493) on 10 October 2013 and was funded by GSK Consumer Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Akwagyiram
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK.
| | - Andrew Butler
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Robert Maclure
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Patrick Colgan
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Nicole Yan
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Mary Lynn Bosma
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
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Piaton E, Fabre M, Goubin-Versini I, Bretz-Grenier MF, Courtade-Saïdi M, Vincent S, Belleannée G, Thivolet F, Boutonnat J, Debaque H, Fleury-Feith J, Vielh P, Cochand-Priollet B, Egelé C, Bellocq JP, Michiels JF. [Technical recommendations and best practice guidelines for May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining: literature review and insights from the quality assurance]. Ann Pathol 2015; 35:294-305. [PMID: 26188673 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain is a Romanowsky-type, polychromatic stain as those of Giemsa, Leishman and Wright. Apart being the reference method of haematology, it has become a routine stain of diagnostic cytopathology for the study of air-dried preparations (lymph node imprints, centrifuged body fluids and fine needle aspirations). In the context of their actions of promoting the principles of quality assurance in cytopathology, the French Association for Quality Assurance in Anatomic and Cytologic Pathology (AFAQAP) and the French Society of Clinical Cytology (SFCC) conducted a proficiency test on MGG stain in 2013. Results from the test, together with the review of literature data allow pre-analytical and analytical steps of MGG stain to be updated. Recommendations include rapid air-drying of cell preparations/imprints, fixation using either methanol or May-Grünwald alone for 3-10minutes, two-step staining: 50% May-Grünwald in buffer pH 6.8 v/v for 3-5minutes, followed by 10% buffered Giemsa solution for 10-30minutes, and running water for 1-3minutes. Quality evaluation must be performed on red blood cells (RBCs) and leukocytes, not on tumour cells. Under correct pH conditions, RBCs must appear pink-orange (acidophilic) or buff-coloured, neither green nor blue. Leukocyte cytoplasm must be almost transparent, with clearly delineated granules. However, staining may vary somewhat and testing is recommended for automated methods (slide stainers) which remain the standard for reproducibility. Though MGG stain remains the reference stain, Diff-Quik(®) stain can be used for the rapid evaluation of cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Piaton
- Centre de pathologie Est, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpitaux de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
| | - Monique Fabre
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Goubin-Versini
- Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, centre hospitalier René-Dubos, 95300 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | | | - Monique Courtade-Saïdi
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, IUC Toulouse Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Vincent
- Unité de cytopathologie, institut Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Belleannée
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Françoise Thivolet
- Centre de pathologie Est, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpitaux de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- UF de cytologie pathologique, institut de biologie et de pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Hervé Debaque
- Cabinet de pathologie, SCP des Drs Bloget et Declerck, 77210 Avon, France
| | - Jocelyne Fleury-Feith
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Tenon, GHU Est, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Unité de cytopathologie, institut Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - Béatrix Cochand-Priollet
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, université Paris Descartes, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Centre, site Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Egelé
- Département de pathologie, hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellocq
- Département de pathologie, hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France
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Ryan GJ, Shapiro HM, Lenaerts AJ. Improving acid-fast fluorescent staining for the detection of mycobacteria using a new nucleic acid staining approach. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:511-8. [PMID: 25130623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acid fast staining of sputum smears by microscopy remains the prevalent method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sensitivity of microscopy using acid fast stains requires 10(4) bacilli per ml of sputum. Although fluorescent acid fast stains, such as Auramine-O, show improved sensitivity, almost half of culture-positive TB cases are currently estimated to remain smear-negative. These current diagnosis problems provide impetus for improving staining procedures. We evaluated a novel fluorescent acid-fast staining approach using the nucleic acid-binding dye SYBR(®) Gold on mycobacterial in vitro cultures. The SYBR(®) Gold stain detected 99% of MTB in both actively replicating aerobic and non-replicating hypoxic cultures. Transmission light microscopy with Ziehl-Neelsen fuchsin, and fluorescence microscopy with Auramine-O or Auramine-rhodamine detected only 54%-86% of MTB bacilli. SYBR(®) Gold fluoresces more intensely than Auramine-O, and is highly resistant to fading. The signal to noise ratio is exceptionally high due to a >1000-fold enhanced fluorescence after binding to DNA/RNA, thereby reducing most background fluorescence. Although cost and stability of the dye may perhaps limit its clinical use at this time, these results warrant further research into more nucleic acid dye variants. In the meantime, SYBR(®) Gold staining shows great promise for use in numerous research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Ryan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Howard M Shapiro
- The Center for Microbial Cytometry and Howard M. Shapiro, M.D., P.C., 283 Highland Avenue, West Newton, MA 02465-2513, USA
| | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Cong WT, Ye WJ, Chen M, Zhao T, Zhu ZX, Niu C, Ruan DD, Ni MW, Zhou X, Jin LT. Improved staining of phosphoproteins with high sensitivity in polyacrylamide gels using Stains-All. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3277-86. [PMID: 24114871 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An improved Stains-All (ISA) staining method for phosphoproteins in SDS-PAGE was described. Down to 0.5-1 ng phosphoproteins (α-casein, β-casein, or phosvitin) can be successfully selectively detected by ISA stain, which is approximately 120-fold higher than that of original Stains-All stain, but is similar to that of commonly used Pro-Q Diamond stain. Furthermore, unlike the original Stains-All protocol that was time consuming and light unstable, ISA stain could be completed within 60 min without resorting to protect the gels from light during the whole staining procedure. According to the results, it is concluded that ISA stain is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and economic staining method for a broad application to the research of phosphoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Cong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China; Wenzhou Undersun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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