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Chen Y, Sun B, Wang C, Zhang K, Lu W, Huang G. Associations of types of grains and lifestyle with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults aged 65 years or older: a prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:88. [PMID: 36747298 PMCID: PMC9903469 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known on the association of types of grains with mortality and the moderating effect of lifestyle on this association. This study aims to evaluate the single or joint associations of types of grains and lifestyle with all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults. METHODS Data were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 1998 to 2018. Subjects aged ≥ 65 years were eligible. The types of grains included wheat, total rice, and coarse cereals. Lifestyle was derived using smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary pattern. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome. RESULTS This study included 30275 participants with a mean age 87 ± 11 years and documented 19261 deaths during a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. Compared to wheat, in those with healthy and intermediate lifestyle, total rice was associated with a 13% (HR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.93) and 6% (HR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 1.00) lower risk of mortality, respectively, and coarse cereals were associated with a 14% (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.74, 1.00) and 12% (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.79, 0.97) lower risk of mortality, respectively. Meanwhile, an increase per SD in intakes of wheat and coarse cereals was associated with a 10% (HR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18) and 25% (HR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.08, 1.44) higher mortality rate in those with healthy lifestyle, and a 13% (HR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.19) and 29% (HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.17, 1.44) higher mortality in females but not males. In addition, a U-shaped association of intake of total grains with all- cause mortality was observed (P for non-linearity = 0.002), and a J-shaped association of intake of total rice with all- cause mortality was observed (P for non-linearity = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Specific types of grains and lifestyle were separately or jointly associated with all-cause mortality. Compared to wheat, total rice and coarse cereals were advanced grains for participants with a relatively healthy lifestyle. Intake of total rice was related to all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner. Therefore, a combination of intermediate intake of total rice and healthy lifestyle should be encouraged in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Boran Sun
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Caihong Wang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Keming Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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Zubair M, Anwar F, Arshad I, Malik S, Zafar MN. Rice Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity: A Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:2625-2643. [PMID: 37183472 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230512144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a cereal grass, belongs to the genus Oryza from the family Poaceae, which encompasses twenty-five species cultured in many countries of Asia, and partly in the rest of the world. From these species, two viz. Oryza sativa (O. sativa) Asian rice and Oryza glaberrima (O. glaberrima) African rice are commonly found and the most widely consumed staple food by a large part of the human population in the world, especially in Asia due to their nutritional and nutraceutical prospects. Rice, a popular source of carbohydrates, also contains a good amount of dietary fiber, minerals (Ca, Zn, Se, P, K, Mg, Fe, and Mn), protein and vitamin B along with several other medicinally important bioactives such as tocols (α-tocopherols and α-tocotrienols) (ßsitosterol) phenolic acids, flavonoids (apiginine), and oryzanol (24-Methylenecylcoartanyl transferulate). Rice bran is a byproduct of the rice polishing industry and is valuable in terms of containing 15-20% high-value oil. Because of the natural antioxidants present in rice, several medicinal benefits and biological properties can be attributed to rice consumption. The nutrient profile of rice varies based on several factors, such as grains (white, brown, red, and black/purple), the extent of polishing, and the preparation method. Considering the importance of rice as a traditional diet rich in high-value bioactives, together with the existing gap of related information, it is worthwhile to assemble a comprehensive review that focuses on the detailed profile of valuable nutrients and high-value phytochemicals and biological activities of rice to explore its functional food and nutraceutical applications. This review attempts to provide collective information on the essential rice cereal for its nutritional and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Insha Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
| | - Shanza Malik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
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Matavel C, Hoffmann H, Rybak C, Steinke J, Sieber S, Müller K. Understanding the drivers of food security among agriculture-based households in Gurué District, Central Mozambique. Agric Food Secur 2022; 11:7. [PMID: 35127061 PMCID: PMC8807014 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-021-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of food insecurity in Mozambique is alarming, despite progress made during the 2010s. Several studies apply different proxy indicators of food security (FS) to assess the FS situation. However, these studies overlook the factors affecting FS, using only a single data point that results in an incomplete picture of FS. Food security is expected to fluctuate, being better and worse than what studies suggest. Using a sample of 296 households to assess FS, key drivers conditioning households’ capacity to achieve FS in Gurué District, Central Mozambique, are identified. Data were collected in the pre-harvest period and during the harvest period to capture relevant interseasonal variation of FS. Household FS is assessed using three standard indicators: Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS), and Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP). Results Each household was classified into a specific FS status depending on the indicator applied. Generally, most households were classified as being severely or moderately food insecure during the pre-harvest season, while during the harvest season, medium and high levels of FS predominated. Nevertheless, varying outcomes were found depending on the indicator used to assess FS. MAHFP and HDDS are more related to the consumption of farm-sourced food, while HFCS responds more strongly to purchased food. Gender and age of the household head, geographic location, size and quality of land, staples production (especially cassava), livestock and crop diversity, as well as cash crops had a statistically significant effect on FS indicators. Conclusions The study concludes that the decision whether farmers should rely on staple foods production for increasing their FS status or specialize on cash crops production to generate income and buy food depends on the indicator used to assess FS, since each indicator captures a specific domain of food security. Thus, one central recommendation derived from our results is that policy makers should promote a balance between market-oriented agriculture and subsistence production to achieve FS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-021-00344-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custodio Matavel
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry Hoffmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Constance Rybak
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Steinke
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lim CGY, Ting R, van Dam RM, Yang D, Liu MH, Tai ES, Rebello SA. Making novel staple foods the norm: perspectives from adult consumers with and without diabetes. Appetite 2021; 162:105189. [PMID: 33667500 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel staple foods are staple foods that are modified with the purpose of improving their nutritional properties. However, consumers' acceptance towards novel staple foods remains to be evaluated, especially in Asian populations where staple foods like white rice are a major source of energy. The objective of this study was to explore consumers' attitudes and perceptions towards novel staple foods in a multi-ethnic Asian population. We conducted 11 focus group discussions, with 37 healthy participants and 22 participants with diabetes recruited through newspaper, email and poster advertisement and in-person recruitment at a clinic. Thematic analysis using the general inductive approach was performed. We found that participants' conceptual understanding of the modification process affected their acceptance towards novel staple foods. Plant-based modifications were considered natural and acceptable while genetic modification and use of chemicals were unnatural and undesirable. Participants expected novel staple foods to be more expensive and less tasty and this was largely due to their perceptions and experiences with healthy eating. Participants with diabetes or family history of diabetes were generally more willing to compromise taste and cost for healthier staple foods, and this appeared to be driven by concerns about diabetes and its related co-morbidities. The appearance of food was an important influence on participants' initial impression of the food, which appeared to be mediated by taste expectations. Participants' trust of novel staple foods was largely influenced by their trust in food industry, governmental authorities and nutrition science that was mediated through pathways of information and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie G Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Rhys Ting
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore; Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Dimeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore.
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, 117597, Singapore; Division of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Salome A Rebello
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore.
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Du B, Zhou J, Zhou J. Selenium status of children in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas in Shaanxi, China: assessment with mercury. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:903-913. [PMID: 29018984 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The causes of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in children are multifactorial, and particular consideration has been given to childhood selenium (Se) deficiency. In this study, dietary intake of Se and mercury (Hg) was determined at KBD areas to investigate the Se status and risks. Therefore, total Hg and Se levels were investigated in scalp hair samples and in daily intake food samples of 150 schoolchildren in Yongshou County of Shaanxi, China. The results showed that the average concentration of Se in children's hair has risen to 302 ng g-1 and significantly increased compared to the data reported decades ago. Children at KBD endemic areas likely have improved Se status due to the Se supplementation in food at recent decades. However, all the children in the study areas still showed lower Se status compared to those in other non-KBD areas of China. The probable daily intake of Se in the study areas was still lower after stopping Se supplementation in food at KBD areas, which is 17.96 μg day-1. Food produced locally cannot satisfy the lowest demand for Se nutrition for local residents. If the interactions of Se-Hg detoxification are considered, Hg intake from food exacerbates Se deficiency at the KBD areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- National Engineering Research and Technology Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- National Engineering Research and Technology Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China.
- Institute of Biology Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China.
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Mekonen S, Ambelu A, Spanoghe P. Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: a case study from the Jimma Zone. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:1294-302. [PMID: 24648104 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation < 20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001 µg/g and 0.092 µg/g and between 0.002 µg/g and 0.307 µg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p < 0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011 mg/kg to 1.115 mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Rosa MLG, Falcão PM, Yokoo EM, da Cruz Filho RA, Alcoforado VM, de Souza BDSN, Pinto FN, Nery AB. Brazil's staple food and incident diabetes. Nutrition 2013; 30:365-8. [PMID: 24484685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Brazil's staple food, rice, beans and manioc, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in adults assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program (FDP). METHODS The baseline information was collected on visits to 13 units of the FDP from July 2006 to December 2007 (CAMELIA Study). The units were revisited by trained researchers between July and December 2011, who reviewed medical records of all participants of the baseline. Biochemical, anthropometrical and blood pressure measurements, new diagnoses, and medical prescriptions were collected. Individuals ages ≥20 y, who were non-diabetic at baseline were included (N = 409). Food consumption was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Incident of diabetes was classified according to fasting serum glucose (≥126 mg/dL), individual's use of antidiabetic drugs, and/or diagnosis of diabetes described in the medical record. Individuals who were negative at baseline and also were negative for the above conditions were classified as non-diabetics. RESULTS Individuals who developed T2DM (N = 30) reported higher consumption of red meat and beans and less consumption of cassava flour, independent of the interval between visits and other potential confounding variables. The cassava flour showed a protective effect (relative risk, 0.910; 95% confidence interval, 0.842-0.982). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of cassava flour, a low-cost product, could be considered in diets for the prevention and control of diabetes. The hypothesis must be investigated in cohorts from different populations and tested in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paula M Falcão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edna Massae Yokoo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubens Antunes da Cruz Filho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Miranda Alcoforado
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Neves Pinto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Barreto Nery
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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