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Boldrini DE. Starch-based materials for drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121258. [PMID: 37659802 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a natural copolymer with unique physicochemical characteristics. Historically, it has been physically, chemically, or enzymatically modified to obtain ad-hoc functional properties for its use in different applications. In this context, the use of starch-based materials in drug delivery systems (DDSs) has gained great attention mainly because it is cheap, biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable. This paper reviews the state of the art in starch-based materials design for their use in drug-controlled release with internal stimulus responsiveness; i.e., pH, temperature, colonic microbiota, or enzymes; specifically, those orally administered for its release in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Physical-chemical principles in the design of these materials taking into account their response to a particular stimulus are discussed. The relationship between the type of DDSs structure, starch modification routes, and the corresponding drug release profiles are systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of starch-based materials for their use in stimulus-responsive DDSs are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Boldrini
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, UNS, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Tsochatzis ED, Vidal NP, Bai W, Diamantidou D, Theodoridis G, Martinez MM. Untargeted screening and in silico toxicity assessment of semi- and non-volatile compounds migrating from polysaccharide-based food contact materials. Food Chem 2023; 425:136499. [PMID: 37285625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical safety of representative polysaccharide films made with pea starch, organocatalytic acetylated pea starch and pectin was investigated at different migration conditions (20 °C/10 days, 70 °C/2 h) using two official simulants signifying hydrophilic (simulant A, 10% ethanol) or lipophilic (simulant D1, 50% ethanol) foods. Migrating semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds were identified and semi-quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-trap ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TIMS-TOF-MS/MS), whereas their toxicity was evaluated by in silico models based on qualitative structure activity (QSAR). Physicochemical analysis revealed polymer wash-off into the simulants. Migration testing at 70 °C for 2 h using simulant D1 resulted in detectable concentrations of glycerol (≤72.1 mg/kg), monoacetylated maltose (≤6.5 mg/kg), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (≤0.5 mg/kg, compliant with the existing legislative migration limits) in samples containing acetylated starch. Migrating 3-β-galactopyranosyl glucose (≤8.9 mg/kg) and 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid (≤4.9 mg/kg) were detected at 20 °C/10 days. In-silico toxicity emphasized no significant toxicity and categorized organocatalytic acetylated pea starch of no safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil D Tsochatzis
- Centre for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Natalia P Vidal
- Centre for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wenqiang Bai
- Centre for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Dimitra Diamantidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mario M Martinez
- Centre for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
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Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Zhang H, Gunasekaran VP, Ariyo AL, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Long Q. A critical review on starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1852-1860. [PMID: 36195229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Starch-based nanofibrous scaffolds exhibit a potential wound healing processes as they are cost-effective, flexible, and biocompatible. Recently, natural polymers have received greater importance in regenerative medicine, mainly in the process of healing wounds and burns due to their unique properties which also include safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this respect, starch is considered to be one of the reliable natural polymers to promote the process of wound healing at a significantly faster rate. Starch and starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been used for the wound healing process which includes the process of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of cells. It also possesses significant activity to encapsulate and deliver biomaterials at a specific site which persuades the wound healing process at an increased rate. As the aforementioned scaffolds mimic the native extracellular matrix more closely, may help in the acceleration of wound closure, which in turn may lead to the promotion of tissue reorganization and remodeling. In-depth knowledge in understanding the properties of nanofibrous scaffolds paves a way to unfold novel methods and therapies, also to overcome challenges associated with wound healing. This review is intended to provide comprehensive information and recent advances in starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | | | - Adeniran Lateef Ariyo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai 600 078, India
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China.
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