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Rajendran P, Sekar R, Abdallah BM, Fathima JH S, Ali EM, Jayaraman S, Abdelsalam SA, Veeraraghavan V. Epigenetic modulation of long noncoding RNA H19 in oral squamous cell carcinoma-A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:602-611. [PMID: 38532798 PMCID: PMC10963247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) showed a seemingly increasing incidence in the last decade. In India, despite the use of tobacco decreased rapidly, in the past five years, the incidence pattern of OSCC over gender and age showed a drastic shift. About 51 % of the head and neck cancers are not associated with habits. Studies exploring various contributing factors in the incidence of this malignancy have documented. Recently, the epigenetic factors associated with the induction and progression of OSCC were explored. More than 90 % of the human genome is made up of non-coding transcriptome, which believed to be noises. However, these non-coding RNAs were identified to be the major epigenetic modulators, which raises concern over incidence of carcinoma in non-habit patients. H19 is a long non coding RNA which proved to be an effective biomarker in various carcinoma. Its role in oral squamous cell cancer was not investigated in depth. This review discusses in detail the various epigenetic role of H19 in inducing oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 95, TN, India
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Fathima JH
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gatasheh MK, Murugan N, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Malathi J, Umashankar V, Ramalingam G, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Identification, prioritization, and evaluation of RlpA protein as a target against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107216. [PMID: 38636584 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), are projected to claim the lives of 15 million people by 2050. Septicemia carries a higher morbidity and mortality rate than infections caused by susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MDR-mediated ocular infections can lead to impaired vision and blindness. To identify and develop a potential drug against MDR P. aeruginosa, we employed in silico reverse genetics-based target mining, drug prioritization, and evaluation. Rare Lipoprotein A (RlpA) was selected as the target protein, and its crystal structure was geometrically optimized. Molecular docking and virtual screening analyses revealed that RlpA exhibits strong binding affinity with 11 compounds. Among these, 3-chlorophthalic acid was evaluated, and subsequent in vitro assays demonstrated significant anti-Pseudomonas activity with negligible cytotoxicity. The compound was further evaluated against both drug-susceptible and MDR P. aeruginosa strains in vitro, with cytotoxicity assessed using an MTT assay. The study demonstrated that 3-chlorophthalic acid exhibits potent anti-Pseudomonas activity with minimal toxicity to host cells. Consequently, this compound emerges as a promising candidate against MDR P. aeruginosa, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nandagopal Murugan
- Department of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 6000 06, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jambulingam Malathi
- Department of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 6000 06, India
| | - Vetrivel Umashankar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Gopinath Ramalingam
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, Tamil Na-du 625512, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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Fathima JHS, Jayaraman S, Sekar R, Syed NH. The role of MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant disorders. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00934-0. [PMID: 38619695 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of potentially malignant conditions that pose a significant health burden globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various biological processes, including carcinogenesis. This review synthesizes existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMDs and to highlight the potential of miRNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, this review seeks to explore the potential of miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of OPMDs in the current literature on miRNAs in OPMDs, examining their involvement in disease pathogenesis, diagnostic potential, and therapeutic implications. Dysregulated miRNAs can target genes involved in critical cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair, leading to disease progression. Notably, miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-486-5p have shown promise as potential biomarkers for early detection of oral premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the therapeutic implications of miRNAs in OPMDs. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of miRNA-targeted therapies, such as miRNA mimics and inhibitors, in suppressing the growth of oral premalignant lesions. Early-phase clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating the potential for personalized treatment approaches. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and provide insights for the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, they pose certain limitations given their intrinsic variability in expression profiles, the need for optimized isolation and detection methods, and potential hurdles in transitioning from preclinical success to clinical applications. Thus, future clinical studies are warranted to fully exploit the potential of miRNAs in the management of OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shazia Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, MAHER, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nazmul Huda Syed
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Pei J, Yan Y, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Natarajan PM, Umapathy VR, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Sadagopan JC, Thalamati D, Palanisamy CP, Mironescu M. A review on advancements in the application of starch-based nanomaterials in biomedicine: Precision drug delivery and cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130746. [PMID: 38467219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The burgeoning field of starch-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications has perceived notable progressions, with a particular emphasis on their pivotal role in precision drug delivery and the inhibition of tumor growth. The complicated challenges in current biomedical research require innovative approaches for improved therapeutic outcomes, prompting an exploration into the possible of starch-based nanomaterials. The conceptualization of this review emerged from recognizing the need for a comprehensive examination of the structural attributes, versatile properties, and mechanisms underlying the efficiency of starch-based nanomaterials in inhibiting tumor growth and enabling targeted drug delivery. This review delineates the substantial growth in utilizing starch-based nanomaterials, elucidating their small size, high surface-volume ratio, and biocompatibility, predominantly emphasizing their possible to actively recognize cancer cells, deliver anticancer drugs, and combat tumors efficiently. The investigation of these nanomaterials encompasses to improving biocompatibility and targeting specific tissues, thereby contributing to the evolving landscape of precision medicine. The review accomplishes by highlighting the auspicious strategies and modern developments in the field, envisioning a future where starch-based nanomaterials play a transformative role in molecular nanomaterials, evolving biomedical sciences. The translation of these advancements into clinical applications holds the potential to revolutionize targeted drug delivery and expand therapeutic outcomes in the realm of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yuqiang Yan
- Department of anaesthesia, Xi'an Central Hospital, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-600 095, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences and Research, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai-600107, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 073, India
| | - Janaki Coimbatore Sadagopan
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 073, India
| | | | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu 550024, Romania.
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Gatasheh MK, Natarajan SR, Krishnamoorthy R, Alsulami TS, Rajagopal P, Palanisamy CP, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Molecular analysis to identify novel potential biomarkers as drug targets in colorectal cancer therapy: an integrated bioinformatics analysis. Mol Cell Oncol 2024; 11:2326699. [PMID: 38505173 PMCID: PMC10950290 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2024.2326699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that requires new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Integrated bioinformatics approach to identify novel therapeutic targets associated with CRC. Using GEO2R identified DEGs in CRC, and Funrich software facilitated the visualization of DEGs through Venn diagrams. From a total of 114 enhanced DEGs, potential hub genes were further filtered based on their nodal strength and edges using STRING database. To gain insights into the functional roles of these hub genes, gene ontology and pathway enrichment were conducted thorough g: profiler web server. Subsequently, overall survival plots from GEPIA and oncogenic predictive functions like mRNA expressions for stages and nodal metastasis were employed to identify hub genes in CRC patient samples. Additionally, the cBioPortal and HPA databases also revealed genetic alterations and expression levels in these hub genes in CRC patients, further supporting their involvement in colorectal cancer. Gene expression by RT-PCR shows upregulation of hub genes in HT-29 cells. Finally, our integrated bioinformatic analysis revealed that ABCE1, AURKA, HSPD1, PHKA1, CDK4, and YWHAE as hub genes with potential oncogenic roles in CRC. These genes hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers for colorectal tumorigenesis, providing insights into targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sathan Raj Natarajan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq S Alsulami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai, India
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Benedict A, Suresh V, Selvamani M, Jayaraman S, Hussein MA. Merremia emarginata Extract Potentiates the Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cells (HT-29) via the Modulation of Caspase-3/Bcl-2-Mediated Pathways. Cureus 2024; 16:e56300. [PMID: 38629020 PMCID: PMC11019472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates Merremia emarginata's curative effectiveness against colon cancer cells. M. emarginata, often known as Elika jemudu, is a Convolvulaceae family plant. The inhibitory ability of anticancer herbal extracts against cancer cell growth and mediators is tested. Aim This study aims to evaluate the potent anticancer activity of M. emarginata against colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Materials and methods M. emarginata leaves were gathered and processed using solvent extraction. Anticancer activity on colon cancer cells was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase 3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) mRNA expressions. The data was reported as the mean ± SD of three separate experiments done in triplicate. The statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results The cell viability test showed a gradual decrease in cell growth and proliferation as the concentration increased. The ethanolic extract of M. emarginata was found to be cytotoxic against colon caller cell lines. The extract was able to induce apoptosis of cancer as revealed by Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and caspase-3 (p<0.05 and p<0.001) signaling pathways. Conclusion M. emarginata extracts showed good anticancer activity against colon cancer cell lines. Further work is required to establish and identify the chemical constituent responsible for its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Benedict
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasugi Suresh
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Muthamizh Selvamani
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Mohammed Asif Hussein
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Shazia Fathima JH, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP. Deciphering the role of miR-99a: Implications for prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 125:101801. [PMID: 38367700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Shazia Fathima
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pazhani J, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Jasmine S. Endothelin-1 axis as a therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Molecular insights. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 125:101792. [PMID: 38325627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli, 627105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Natarajan SR, Jasmine S. Exploring the therapeutic potential of curcumin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3 cells): Molecular insights into hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155130. [PMID: 38277750 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer represents a substantial global health burden, often associate with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis as a critical factor in its progression. Curcumin, a naturally occurring bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of curcumin on oral cancer, particularly its role in modulating HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis in HSC-3 cells. METHODS Our investigation involved multiple experimental approaches, including MTT assay, aerobic glycolysis by metabolic kit, cell cycle, and apoptosis assessment via flow cytometry. Furthermore, we employed molecular docking techniques to examine the interactions between curcumin and key angiogenesis related proteins, including HIF-1α, VEGF-B, MMP-3, and STAT3. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that curcumin exerts significant effects on the cell survivability, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis induction in oral cancer cells. These effects were particularly pronounced under the conditions of HIF-1α mediated angiogenesis. Computational binding analysis revealed strong binding interactions with curcumin and the selected proteins, implying a plausible mechanism through which curcumin may modulate the angiogenic pathways in oral cancer. CONCLUSION Our research sheds light on the diverse effects of curcumin on oral cancer cells, emphasizing its potential as a promising therapeutic tool for addressing hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. However, further investigation is essential to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in in vitro models. This deeper comprehension is crucial for translating these findings into clinical applications aimed at improving oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai 600 077, India.
| | - Sathan Raj Natarajan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, SaveethaUniversity, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli 627105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jayaraman S, Natararaj S, Veeraraghavan VP. Hesperidin Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Growth via Apoptosis and Inflammatory Signaling-Mediated Mechanisms: Evidence From In Vitro and In Silico Analyses. Cureus 2024; 16:e53458. [PMID: 38435153 PMCID: PMC10909395 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral carcinoma presents a significant health challenge, prompting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Elevation of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), has promoted cellular proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and fostered oral cancer progression through complex signaling pathways. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, is of keen interest in this study as it has been proven to have multiple health benefits through in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the mechanism behind the anticancer activity of hesperidin in oral carcinoma remains obscure. Aim The study aimed to explore the anticancer potential of hesperidin on human oral cancer cells (KB cells) by modulating pro-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling mechanisms. Methods Cancer cell growth inhibitory activity was assessed using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time RT-PCR analysis. In addition, in silico docking analysis was conducted to confirm the binding affinity of hesperidin with pro-inflammatory and apoptosis signaling molecules. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the "t" test. Results Utilizing the MTT assay, a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of hesperidin was unveiled, with a remarkable IC50 value indicative of its potent inhibition of cell proliferation. Complementing these findings (p<0.05), qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated hesperidin's regulatory influence on key molecular targets within the KB cell line. Hesperidin treatment resulted in a noteworthy reduction in TNF-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1-β), IL-6, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression levels (p<0.05), highlighting its inhibitory role in cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation processes. Simultaneously, hesperidin promoted the expression of BAX mRNA (p<0.05), indicating an enhancement in cell death. Molecular docking simulations further revealed robust binding affinities between hesperidin and target proteins, suggesting its potential to disrupt cellular functions and inflammatory signaling pathways in oral cancer cells. Conclusion The cytotoxic effects on the KB cell line and its anti-inflammatory properties position hesperidin as a compelling candidate for further exploration in the quest for effective oral carcinoma treatments. These findings shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying hesperidin's promise as a therapeutic agent against oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sathanraj Natararaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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R S, R P, Jayaraman S, Palati S. The Association of miRNA10a and Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51752. [PMID: 38318595 PMCID: PMC10841624 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-established post-translational non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in mRNA degradation and repression. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) showed correlation along with various miRNA, specifically miRNA10a expression in lung cancers. The role of miRNA10a along with glucose upregulation leading to cancer proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of miRNA10a and GLUT1 in OSCC patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS miRNA10a and GLUT1 expression were estimated in OSCC, precancerous, and healthy tissues using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). miRNA10a and GLUT1 expression levels were recorded as fold change. Further, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to find whether there is any difference in miRNA10a and GLUT1 expression between OSCC, precancerous, and healthy tissues. RESULTS The RT-PCR findings revealed an increased expression of miRNA10a and GLUT1 in OSCC compared to precancerous and healthy tissue. There is a positive correlation between miRNA10a and GLUT1 expression levels in both potentially malignant and control tissues, with a marked increase in cancerous tissue. This study demonstrated the significance of upregulated miRNA10a expression, indicating a direct correlation with OSCC proliferation via GLUT1 overexpression. Specifically, miRNA10a exhibited a fold change of 1.2±0.072 in potentially malignant tissue and 1.4±0.05 in cancer tissue, while GLUT1 exhibited a fold change of 1.25±0.092 in potentially malignant tissue and 0.092±0.08 in cancer tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION This research highlights the role of miRNA10a in cancer progression by facilitating proliferation through the regulation of GLUT1 in cancerous tissues, particularly in hyperglycemic conditions. This mechanism further contributes to increased glucose transport in cancer patients, which may potentially impede tumor prognosis. These findings underscore the potential significance of targeting miRNA10a and GLUT1 as therapeutic interventions in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanth R
- Department of General Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Priyadharshini R
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sinduja Palati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Prasad M, Jayaraman S, Natarajan SR, Veeraraghavan VP, Krishnamoorthy R, Gatasheh MK, Palanisamy CP, Elrobh M. Piperine modulates IR/Akt/GLUT4 pathways to mitigate insulin resistance: Evidence from animal and computational studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127242. [PMID: 37797864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising, especially in India. Medicinal herbs, whether used alone or in combination with conventional medicines, have shown promise in managing diabetes and improving overall well-being. Piperine (PIP), a major bioactive compound found in pepper, is gaining attention for its beneficial properties. This study aimed to assess whether PIP could alleviate diabetes by targeting insulin pathway-related molecules in the adipose tissue of rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). After 60 days on the HFD, rats received PIP at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for one month. The results showed that PIP significantly improved metabolic indicators, antioxidant enzymes, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. It also regulated the mRNA and protein expression of insulin signaling, which had been disrupted by the diet and sucrose intake. Molecular docking analysis also revealed strong binding of PIP to key diabetes-related regulatory proteins, including Akt (-6.2 kcal/mol), IR (-7.02 kcal/mol), IRS-1 (-6.86 kcal/mol), GLUT4 (-6.24 kcal/mol), AS160 (-6.28 kcal/mol), and β-arrestin (-6.01 kcal/mol). Hence, PIP may influence the regulation of glucose metabolism through effective interactions with these proteins, thereby controlling blood sugar levels due to its potent antilipidemic and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, our study provides in vivo experimental evidence against the HFD-induced T2DM model for the first time, making PIP a potential natural remedy to enhance the quality of life for diabetic patients and aid in their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Sathan Raj Natarajan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Paper Making, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250316, China.
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Chandran D, Jayaraman S, Sankaran K, Veeraraghavan VP, R G. Antioxidant Vitamins Attenuate Glyphosate-Induced Development of Type-2 Diabetes Through the Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β and Forkhead Box Protein O-1 in the Liver of Adult Male Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e51088. [PMID: 38274944 PMCID: PMC10808862 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glyphosate is a well-known broad-spectrum desiccant and herbicide. It is an active component used widely in popular weed control products like Roundup (BigHaat Agro Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India), Rodeo (Corteva, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United States), and PondMaster (PBI-Gordon Corporation, Shawnee, Kansas, United States). However, due to sustained presence, they tend to get deposited in the environmental resources and leach into the living system. It has been shown to develop various cancers and diabetes. However, its impact on GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) and FOXO-1 (forkhead box protein O1), both critical proteins involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, is unknown. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to check whether antioxidant vitamins (C and E) can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in response to glyphosate exposure and the secondary objective was to investigate whether antioxidant vitamins have the capacity to downregulate GSK-3β and FOXO-1-mediated oxidative stress in the liver of glyphosate induced rats. Methods: We divided the experimental animals into three groups. Group 1 - control rats (animals were injected with olive oil (0.8ml) intraperitoneally), Group 2 - glyphosate-treated rats orally for ten weeks, Group 3 - glyphosate-treated rats received vitamin C and vitamin E. After 30 days of treatment, the animals were anesthetized, sera were separated and used for the biochemical analysis. Liver tissues from control and treated animals were dissected and stored at -20°C for further gene expression analysis. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was assessed by calorimetric analysis, while serum insulin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expression studies of specific genes (FOXO1 and GSK3) were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS The expression level of FOX01 and GSK3β genes was higher in glyphosate-induced animals compared with the control group but was reduced significantly (p<0.05) upon treatment with antioxidant vitamins (C and E). Other biochemical parameters, including FBG, serum insulin, and antioxidant enzyme assays, also showed that antioxidant vitamins reduce glyphosate-induced insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Conclusion: The current study provides in vivo experimental evidence that antioxidant vitamins (C and E) reduce the glyphosate-mediated development of type-2 diabetes risk via the downregulation of FOX01 and GS-3β mRNA expression in the liver. Hence, vitamins C and E may be considered as therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaskara Chandran
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Kavitha Sankaran
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Gayathri R
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Krishnan RP, Pandiar D, Ramani P, Jayaraman S. Necroptosis in human cancers with special emphasis on oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101565. [PMID: 37459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of caspase independent 'programmed or regulated' necrotic cell death that has a morphological resemblance to necrosis and mechanistic analogy to apoptosis. This type of cell death requires RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, death receptors, toll like receptors, interferons, and various other proteins. Necroptosis is implicated in plethora of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Crohn's disease, and head and neck cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral carcinomas show dysregulation or mutation of necroptotic proteins, mediate antitumoral immunity, activate immune response and control tumor progression. Necroptosis is known to play a dual role (pro tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic) in cancer progression and targeting this pathway could be an effective approach in cancer therapy. Necroptosis based chemotherapy has been proposed in malignancies, highlighting the importance of necroptotic pathway to overcome apoptosis resistance and serve as a "fail-safe" pathway to modulate cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, there is dearth of information regarding the use of necroptotic cell death mechanism in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this review, we summarise molecular mechanism of necroptosis, and its protumorigenic and antitumorigenic role in cancers to shed light on the possible therapeutic significance of necroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
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15
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Jayaraman S, Raj Natarajan S, Ponnusamy B, Veeraraghavan VP, Jasmine S. Unlocking the potential of beta sitosterol: Augmenting the suppression of oral cancer cells through extrinsic and intrinsic signalling mechanisms. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:1007-1013. [PMID: 38107042 PMCID: PMC10724352 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase in the prevalence of oral neoplasms and related deaths can be attributed to social development and lifestyle factors, leading to poor prognosis and a lack of early clinical detection. Oral cancer ranks ranked sixth mostly diagnosed cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In light of these circumstances, our objective was to assess the potential of β-sitosterol, a naturally occurring herbal compound, as an anticancer agent against KB cells, a representative cell line for oral cancer. Our study primarily focused on evaluating the cytotoxic effect and mRNA expression of apoptotic proteins by β-sitosterol on KB cells. The results demonstrated a remarkable cytotoxic effect, leading to cell death. Further investigation using flow cytometric analysis revealed that this cell death was mediated through the initiation of the apoptotic signalling by β-sitosterol. The use of the bioinformatic tool, STITCH, supported our study by predicting drug-protein interactions and suggesting that β-sitosterol may play a significant role in targeting apoptotic pathways. Additionally, docking results were employed to validate the findings demonstrating high binding affinity of β-sitosterol with apoptotic-mediated signalling targets. To gain deeper insights into the molecular insights, we measured mRNA levels for BAX, BCL-2, MCL-1, P53, P21, MDM2, caspase3, and caspase9. Based on our comprehensive findings, our study concludes that β-sitosterol holds significant therapeutic potential against oral cancer cells. These results strongly suggest that this herbal compound should be further explored as a potential treatment option for oral cancer for clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sathan Raj Natarajan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ponnusamy
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli 627105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Poothakulath Krishnan R, Pandiar D, Ramani P, Jayaraman S, Subramanian R. Comparison of Clinico-Demographic and Histological Parameters Between Young and Old Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e48137. [PMID: 38046721 PMCID: PMC10693383 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the epithelial malignancies of the head and neck region, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arising from the oral mucosa is the commonest type. OSCC is common in the older population; however, recent epidemiological data indicate an increase in the incidence in the younger age group. The present study was designed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC between young and old South Indian patients. METHODS All the histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC were retrieved from the department archives. Patients aged more than 40 years were considered Group I, and patients aged less than or equal to 40 were considered Group II. Age, gender, laterality, site, degree of keratinization, nuclear pleomorphism, pattern of invasion, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, grade, tumor budding (TB), and tumor stroma ratio (TSR) were assessed. RESULTS Among 510 patients reported with OSCC, 442 were aged above 40 years, and 68 were aged 40 years or younger. Nuclear pleomorphism, TB, and stroma-rich ratio were statistically higher in younger OSCC patients (p=0.00). CONCLUSION The results of our study support the fact that OSCC in younger individuals is more aggressive. Targeting TB and tumor stroma could provide new strategies for the management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Jayaraman S, Natarajan SR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jasmine S. Unveiling the anti-cancer mechanisms of calotropin: Insights into cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and metabolic regulation in human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC-3). J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:704-713. [PMID: 37731845 PMCID: PMC10507650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calotropin, a cardiac glycoside obtained from the plant Calotropis gigantea, has demonstrated promising potential as an anti-tumorigenesis compound. Objective The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential anti-cancer properties of calotropin against HSC-3 oral squamous cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in its action. Material and method Calotropin were treated in HSC-3 to evaluate cell viability by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis divulged that calotropin G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HSC-3 cells. Calotropin displayed inhibitory properties against aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic alteration using glucose uptaken, lactose production and LDHA activity assays. Furthermore, migration and invasion assays help that calotropin has ability to reduce the migratory and invasive of HSC-3 cells, using transwell and Matrigel assay. Validation of mRNA expression through RT-PCR. Molecular docking was implemented to validate the binding association of calotropin with apoptosis and metastatic regulating targets. Result The results exemplify that increasing doses of calotropin effectively hold back the HSC-3 cell progression. Migration and invasion assays help that calotropin has ability to reduce the migratory and invasive of HSC-3 cells, indicating its potential to inhibit cancer metastasis. These results imply that calotropin may influence genes linked to metastasis and apoptosis in order to achieve its beneficial effects on cancer. Docking results provided further support, showing a high binding energy between calotropin and metastasis-mediated pathways. Conclusion Overall, our findings shed an experimental evidence on how calotropin inhibits the HSC-3 oral squamous cancer cell growth, highlighting the drug's potential as a treatment for oral cancer. Further, investigation on in-vivo experiment is warranted to explore its potential mechanism of action and to develop a novel drug towards clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Sathan Raj Natarajan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli, 627105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pazhani J, Chanthu K, Jayaraman S, Varun BR. Evaluation of salivary MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia using ELISA. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:649-654. [PMID: 38304520 PMCID: PMC10829443 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_426_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer of the lip and the oral cavity is collectively the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, out of which 90% are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Oral cancer survival rates depend mainly upon the stage in which it is diagnosed. Successful early detection would eventually increase the survival rate. OSCCs may be preceded by potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) that are characterised by visible clinical changes in the oral mucosa. Correct diagnosis and timely treatment of PMDs may help prevent malignant transformation in oral lesions. Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the best known potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa with a malignant transformation rate of about 3% to 33%. Tumour markers in saliva have emerged as a new diagnostic tool in the early detection of oral cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a gelatinase which plays an important role in tumourogenisis. The present study was done to evaluate the salivary levels of MMP-9 in OSCC and oral leukoplakia patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods The study was conducted among 102 subjects, which included 34 OSCC patients (group I), 34 OL patients (group II), and 34 healthy subjects (group III). Unstimulated saliva was collected by the passive drooling method from all the study subjects during the study period, centrifuged, and stored at -80°C. The salivary MMP-9 was estimated in mg/ml using the sandwich ELISA technique. The data were analysed using a statistical software package, EZR. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of salivary MMP-9 levels in OSCC, OL, and normal oral mucosa. Scheffe's multiple comparison was carried out to compare salivary MMP-9 levels among the different histological grades of OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia. For all statistical interpretations, P ≤ 0.0 was considered the threshold for statistical significance. Results and Conclusion The mean salivary MMP-9 level in OSCC, OL, and normal oral mucosa was 50.9 ± 5.7 ng/ml, 31.6 ± 6 ng/ml, and 16.2 ± 4.8 ng/ml, respectively. Patients with OSCC had significantly higher levels of salivary MMP-9 when compared to OL and normal mucosa. Higher levels of salivary MMP-9 were observed in poorly differentiated OSCC when compared to well and moderately differentiated OSCCs. The salivary MMP-9 was higher in severe oral epithelial dysplasia when compared to mild and moderate oral epithelial dysplasias. As malignant transformation rates are higher in patients with severe oral epithelial dysplasia when compared to mild and moderate oral epithelial dysplasia, salivary MMP-9 could be considered as a surrogate marker of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnasree Chanthu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. R. Varun
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Ramalingam G, Jayaraman S, Khan JM, Ahmed MZ, Ahmad A, Manickan E, Rajagopal P. Exploring recombinant secretory proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to develop a serological platform for tuberculosis diagnosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126769. [PMID: 37678677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a sensitive diagnostic tool for tuberculosis (TB) is the main reason for increasing cause of death in many developing countries. The routine diagnostic tests are either time-consuming or equivocal in terms of results. Hence, there is a need for quicker and accurate diagnostic tests. Certain studies have documented the usage of proteins secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in developing a sensitive tool for diagnosing TB. The study aimed to employ PPE41, MPT53, LPQH, CFP10, ESAT6 and TB18.5 proteins and analyze their usage as early diagnostic markers. The proteins were cloned, expressed, purified and applied in ELISA platforms in separate as well as combined systems to assess their early diagnostic features. The results of our study revealed that a cocktail of all six antigen combinations was identified in the maximum number of TB cases. Thus, proteins such as PPE41, MPT53, LPQH, CFP10, ESAT6, and TB18.5 incorporated detection tools could be optimized for an improvised early detection of MTB infections. Moreover, the results suggested that 95.7 % of the MTB-positive serum samples reacted with all the selected antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the control serum samples did not react with those antigens. The hexavalent antigen system yielded a novel ELISA platform for better diagnosing MTB infections. Our study yielded a novel technology to diagnose TB, which warrants testing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Ramalingam
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elanchezhiyan Manickan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600 095, India.
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Kumaraguru M, Chellappa LR, I MA, Jayaraman S. Association Between Perceived Stress and Salivary Biomarkers of Allostatic Load Among Gender Minorities in Chennai: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46065. [PMID: 37900445 PMCID: PMC10604589 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transgender individuals in India experience immense psychosocial stressors, stigma, and violence. In response to stress, the body exhibits adaptive responses that necessitate the production of organic chemicals ensuing in the detection of blood serum and saliva. There are currently no laboratory tests that are confirmatory for the diagnosis of stress and facilitate necessary treatment to be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, potential salivary biomarkers could be a helpful tool in overseeing the efficacy of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. Aim This study aimed to assess the correlation between perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals in Chennai, India. Methodology Twenty-two TGNC individuals and 22 age-matched controls in Chennai were administered the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire. Following this, their saliva samples were collected using the passive drool technique and subjected to sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for measuring salivary cortisol, salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP). Independent t-test was used to compare salivary stress biomarker levels between the TGNC and age-matched control groups. Pearson's correlation test was done to correlate perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in the TGNC group. Results Significant difference was seen between the TGNC and control groups with respect to salivary cortisol and salivary TNF-alpha levels, with the levels being higher in the TGNC group. A significant positive correlation was seen between perceived stress and salivary cortisol and between perceived stress and salivary TNF-alpha levels. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between perceived stress and salivary biomarkers of stress among TGNC people in Chennai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Kumaraguru
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Lalitha Rani Chellappa
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meignana Arumugham I
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Krishnamoorthi S, Iyaswamy A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Thakur A, Vasudevan K, Kumar G, Guan XJ, Lu K, Gaurav I, Su CF, Zhu Z, Liu J, Kan Y, Jayaraman S, Deng Z, Chua KK, Cheung KH, Yang Z, Song JX, Li M. PPARɑ Ligand Caudatin Improves Cognitive Functions and Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease Defects By Inducing Autophagy in Mice Models. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:509-528. [PMID: 37682502 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is a major cellular machinery involved in the clearance of aggregated proteins in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, ALP is dramatically impaired during AD pathogenesis via accumulation of toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated-Tau (phospho-Tau) proteins in the brain. Therefore, activation of ALP may prevent the increased production of Aβ and phospho-Tau in AD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a transcription factor that can activate autophagy, and transcriptionally regulate transcription factor EB (TFEB) which is a key regulator of ALP. This suggests that targeting PPARα, to reduce ALP impairment, could be a viable strategy for AD therapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-AD activity of Caudatin, an active constituent of Cynanchum otophyllum (a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Qing Yang Shen; QYS). We found that Caudatin can bind to PPARα as a ligand and augment the expression of ALP in microglial cells and in the brain of 3XTg-AD mice model. Moreover, Caudatin could activate PPARα and transcriptionally regulates TFEB-augmented lysosomal degradation of Aβ and phosphor-Tau aggregates in AD cell models. Oral administration of Caudatin decreased AD pathogenesis and ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in 3XTg-AD mouse model. Conclusively, Caudatin can be a potential AD therapeutic agent via activation of PPARα-dependent ALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Centre for Trans-disciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zhiqiang Deng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka Kit Chua
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong , SAR, China.
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China.
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Rajendran P, Sekar R, Zahra HA, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Abdelsalam SA, Veeraraghavan V. Salivaomics to decode non-coding RNAs in oral cancer. A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:376-384. [PMID: 37250455 PMCID: PMC10220469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most debilitating disease which affects the orderly life of a human. With so much advancement in research and technology, the average life expectancy of an individual with oral cancer appears to be about 5 years. The changing trend in incidence of oral cancer among young individuals and women without tobacco habits are ascending. Non habit related oral cancer are taking centre stage and multiple factors which induce complex biology are associated in such scenarios. To decipher the aetiology and to understand the process, these cancerous conditions are to be studied at molecular level. Saliva, the most non-invasively obtained body fluid are assessed for biomarkers exclusively in liquid biopsy. This fluid gives a huge platform to study number of molecules associated with oral cancer. Non coding RNAs are transcripts with no protein coding function. They are gaining more importance in recent times. Long noncoding RNA, microRNA are major types of noncoding transcriptome that influences in progression of oral cancer. They seem to play an important role in health and disease. Apart from these, circulating tumour cells, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, antigens and other proteins can be studied from saliva. This review is aimed to update the knowledge on current biomarkers in saliva associated with oral cancer and their epigenetic role in disease progression as well recent advances in detecting these markers to identify the stage of the disease, which will help in deciding the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamad Abu Zahra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Poothakulath Krishnan R, Pandiar D, Ramani P, Ramalingam K, Jayaraman S. Utility of CD44/CD24 in the Outcome and Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42899. [PMID: 37664387 PMCID: PMC10474850 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. CD44 and CD24 are two commonly used markers to identify these CSCs. Despite the enormous amount of data available in the literature, their specificity and coexistence remain elusive in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of the CD44/CD24 combination in tumor development and metastasis in OSCC. Two investigators independently performed a systematic search to identify all the relevant studies from various electronic databases. Out of 694 articles, 9 were found eligible for further evaluation. Details including the number of patients, gender, site, tobacco and alcohol consumption, histological stage, CD24 expression, CD44 expression, CD44/CD24 expression, nodal status, disease-free survival, and overall survival were extracted. CD44+CD24- expression was noted in 35/207 (16.9%) cases, CD44+CD24+ in 53/207 (25.6%) cases, CD44-CD24- in 49/207 subjects (23.67%), and CD44-/CD24+ in 70/207 (33.81%) cases. CD44 or CD24 or their co-expression did not correlate with the disease-free survival rate, and double negatives (CD44-/CD24-) demonstrated a higher overall survival than other immunotypes. CD44/CD24 profile may be used on small incisional biopsies to predict the outcome and treatment planning. This finding may help in developing new therapeutic targets to suppress cancer metastasis and provide a better long-term prognosis for patients diagnosed with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Palanisamy CP, Pei J, Alugoju P, Anthikapalli NVA, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Janaki CS, Thalamati D, Mironescu M, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chai Y, Long Q. New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Theranostics 2023; 13:4138-4165. [PMID: 37554286 PMCID: PMC10405853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are crucial for the development of effective therapies. However, identifying suitable biomarkers has been challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these diseases, affecting specific subsets of neurons in different brain regions. One promising approach for promoting brain regeneration and recovery involves the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues, partially through the release of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs retain some of the therapeutic characteristics of their parent MSCs, including their ability to regulate neurite outgrowth, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue repair. This review aims to explore the potential of MSC-derived EVs as an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role in modulating disease progression and promoting neuronal recovery. By elucidating the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their therapeutic effects, we can advance our understanding and leverage their potential for the development of novel treatment approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bv. Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Qiang Luo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
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Surendran S, Ramani P, Ramalingam K, Jayaraman S. Expression of Salivary Ceramide Synthase 1 (CERS1) in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS): A Cross-Sectional Institutional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41597. [PMID: 37559835 PMCID: PMC10408775 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increased rate of apoptosis is one of the major causes of ulcer formation. A variety of factors can influence the rate of apoptosis. Ceramide (CER) is one such factor that has been proposed to play a role in signaling apoptosis induced by extracellular agents. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition that initially presents in children or adolescents. Multiple recurrent small, round, or ovoid ulcers with erythematous haloes and circumscribed margins are its characteristic features. Its pathogenesis is still a mystery. Ceramide synthase 1 (CERS1) aids in the production of C18 CER. Although the role of CERS1 in aphthous is well understood, its possible intricate role in pathogenesis remains unknown. Aim To evaluate the expression of salivary CERS1 in patients with RAS and healthy individuals. Materials and methods 30 patients were included in the present study. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained, and there were no gender or age limits for enrollment. After obtaining informed consent, 30 salivary samples were collected from patients with RAS (n=15) and from healthy individuals (n=15). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed using the CERS1 kit by MyBioSource Inc (San Diego, USA) and the results were recorded. The Chi-square test and Independent t-test were used for statistical analysis with SPSS v23.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA) with a significant p-value of <0.05. Results CERS1 expression was identified in the saliva of all participants. There was a decrease in the salivary CERS1 level in RAS patients (7.6 +/- 2.0 pg/ml) when compared to healthy individuals (8.3 +/- 1.8 pg/ml) but it did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion We found that salivary CERS1 levels decreased in RAS patients. More research is required to understand CERS1's pathogenetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangamithra Surendran
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Surendran S, Poothakulath Krishnan R, Ramani P, Ramalingam K, Jayaraman S. Role of Ceramide Synthase 1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Linchpin for Tumorigenesis. Cureus 2023; 15:e42308. [PMID: 37614280 PMCID: PMC10442516 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramide (CER), known as a "tumor suppressor lipid," plays a crucial role in promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Ceramide synthase 1 (CERS1), an enzyme responsible for CER synthesis, holds immense importance. Notably, studies have highlighted that reduced levels of CERS1 confer protection to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells against chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin. However, there is a scarcity of literature exploring the precise role of CERS1 in OSCC. Further investigation is warranted to unravel the intricate relationship of CERS1 in malignant transformation. Aim To compare the salivary CERS1 levels in OSCC, oral leukoplakia (OLK), and healthy individuals. Materials and methods Salivary samples from 15 healthy individuals, OLK patients, and OSCC patients each were obtained and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (MyBioSource, Inc., San Diego, CA) was performed to evaluate salivary CERS1 enzyme levels. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis analysis were done using SPSS v23.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results There was a significant decrease in salivary CERS1 enzyme levels in OSCC (2.08 +/- 0.36 ng/dl) compared to healthy individuals (6.42 +/- 0.42 ng/dl) and OLK patients (4.73 +/- 0.93 ng/dl) (p = 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was found that CERS1 shows a steady decrease in OLK and OSCC. Further cohort studies with larger sample sizes are needed to provide a basis for the role of CERS1 in OLK and its malignant transformation to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangamithra Surendran
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Senthilnathan S, Jayaraman S, Priya Veeraraghavan V, Masood Khan J, Ahmed MZ, Ahmad A, Gnanamani A. HPTLC and GC-MS finger-printing of two potential multifunctional siddha tailams: Mathan and maha megarajanga tailam. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103700. [PMID: 37333677 PMCID: PMC10276281 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Siddha system of medicine is an ancient medical lineage that is practiced primarily in the southern part of India. Siddha system of medicine has been in practice for thousands of years with documented evidence dating back to the 6th century BCE. According to siddha system of medicine's basic fundamental principle, the human body is made up of 96 thathuvam (primary components), which encompass physical, physiological, psychological, and intellectual aspects. Medicine (marunthu) is classified as a wide range of internal and external medicines. The major components of its medical formulations include plant parts, minerals and animal products. Various methods were carried out for the purification process to eliminate the toxins. Choornam, Guligai, Tailam, Parpam, Chendooram, Kattu, Pasai and Poochu are the most common medicines used in Siddha system of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The pathophysiological classification of diseases is elaborated in detail in the classical Siddha literature. Siddha system of medicine plays an important role in protecting people from diseases such as COVID-19 by providing immune-protecting and immune-boosting medicines in today's world. Mathan tailam and maha megarajanga tailam are the two unique preparations used widely for various skin diseases including chronic wounds and burns. Scientific validation of both medicines will help in understanding their effectiveness against a typical wound condition. In the present study physio-chemical and phytochemical, HPTLC, and GC-MS analyses were carried out and discussed in detail on the multifunctional properties exhibited in the patient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arumugam Gnanamani
- Microbiology Laboratory, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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Jayaraman S, Krishnamoorthy K, Prasad M, Veeraraghvan VP, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M. Glyphosate potentiates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through the modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt mediated mechanisms: An in vivo and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124917. [PMID: 37207753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes. Certain herbicides also operate as environmental toxins. Glyphosate is a popular and extremely effective herbicide for weed control in grain crops that inhibits the shikimate pathway. It has been shown to negatively influence endocrine function. Few studies have demonstrated that glyphosate exposure results in hyperglycemic and insulin resistance; but the molecular mechanism underlying the diabetogenic potential of glyphosate on skeletal muscle, a primary organ that includes insulin-mediated glucose disposal, is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of glyphosate on the detrimental changes in the insulin metabolic signaling in the gastrocnemius muscle. In vivo results showed that glyphosate exposure caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver function, kidney function profile, and oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent fashion. Conversely, hemoglobin and antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in glyphosate-induced animals indicating its toxicity is linked to induce insulin resistance. The histopathology of the gastrocnemius muscle and RT-PCR analysis of insulin signaling molecules revealed glyphosate-induced alteration in the expression of IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, β-arrestin-2, and GLUT4 mRNA. Lastly, molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed that glyphosate showed a high binding affinity with target molecules such as Akt, IRS-1, c-Src, β-arrestin-2, PI3K, and GLUT4. The current work provides experimental proof that glyphosate exposure has a deleterious effect on the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which in turn causes the skeletal muscle to become insulin resistant and eventually develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghvan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Pazhani J, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Molecular docking analysis of imiquimod with the TGF-β targets for oral carcinoma. Bioinformation 2023; 19:467-470. [PMID: 37822834 PMCID: PMC10563569 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-βsignalling pathway is the main signalling pathways that regulate various biological functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic dysregulation, and metastasis in many cancer cells. Previous studies have elaborated the role of TGF-βsignalling targets have a significant regulatory function in various cancers. Moreover targeting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma not yet elucidated. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of TGF-βsignalling pathway targets such as Smad2, GATA2 and MAFG with imiquimod. These results suggest that targeting the TGF-βsignaling pathway downstream targets with imiquimod might leads to an improved outcome as potential therapeutic options in oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
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Pazhani J, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Molecular docking analysis of proflavin with the Wnt pathway targets for OSCC. Bioinformation 2023; 19:464-466. [PMID: 37822816 PMCID: PMC10563574 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis of various cancer types. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of proflavin with the Wnt pathway targets (GSK3β, β-catenin, and VIM) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These results suggest that targeting the wnt signaling downstream targets with proflavine might leads to the better outcome for therapeutic outcome for the inhibition of invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
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Pazhani J, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Molecular docking analysis of cetuximab with NOTCH signalling pathway targets for oral cancer. Bioinformation 2023; 19:471-473. [PMID: 37822809 PMCID: PMC10563571 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism which intricated in cell-cell communication and it plays a crucial role in various developments in malignancies. Inactivating mutations of NOTCH targets are present in about 10 % of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, oral cavity, and esophagus that rendering it one of the most frequently mutated genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of cetuximab with the NOTCH signaling targets such as NOTCH1, NICD, and HES1. These results suggest that targeting the NOTCH signaling with cetuximab might leads to the better outcome for suppression of invasion and metastasis in oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
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Palanisamy CP, Alugoju P, Jayaraman S, Poompradub S. Nigella sativa L. seed extracts promote wound healing progress by activating VEGF and PDGF signaling pathways: An in vitro and in silico study. F1000Res 2023; 12:436. [PMID: 37265686 PMCID: PMC10230177 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132106.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A significant area of clinical research is the development of natural wound healing products and the management of chronic wounds. Healing wounds with medicinal plants has been a practice of ancient civilizations for centuries. Nigella sativa L (N. sativa) is a medicinal plant that has several pharmacological properties. Methods: The present study evaluated the wound healing properties of Nigella sativa L. ( N. sativa) seed extracts using normal cell lines such as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were analyzed through western blot analysis. Furthermore, computational analyses were carried out to screen the potential bioactive compounds for wound healing applications. Results: The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay revealed that, all the tested solvent extracts of N. sativa seeds (including ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and petroleum ether) did not exert any cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the western blot analysis showed elevated levels of VEGF and PDGF upon treatment with N. sativa seed extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of N. sativa extracts identified 268 phytocompounds. Molecular docking studies revealed that three phytocompounds of N. sativa extracts, including tricyclo[20.8.0.0(7,16)]triacontane, 1(22),7(16)-diepoxy-, adaphostin and obeticholic acid had strong binding affinity with wound healing-related target proteins, showing docking scores ranging from -5.5 to -10.9 Kcal/mol. These compounds had acceptable Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties. Conclusions: Based on these results, N. sativa seed extracts might possess potential wound healing properties owing to the presence of a wide range of bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Sirilux Poompradub
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Green Materials for Industrial Application, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pazhani J, Veeraraghavan V, Jayaraman S, El-Sherbiny M, Hakami AA, Almotairi AM, Ebrahim H. 210P Expression of cancer stem cell markers SOX-2 and OCT-4 and their regulation by nicotine in non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Pazhani J, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Transcription factors: a potential therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2023; 15:57-60. [PMID: 36974620 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histopathological type of head and neck cancer; it often spreads to and involves the cervical lymph nodes. The tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multistep process mediated by various transcription factors involved in progression and metastasis. Alterations in transcription factors such as FOSL1, YY1, FOXD1 and NF-κB have been associated with increased cell proliferation, cell migration and poor survival rates in patients with HNSCC. Stimulation of the NF-κB pathway results in transcriptional activation of other target genes associated with cell survival and proliferation. Understanding these molecular mechanisms will helps us develop new treatment strategies that target these transcription factors and may eventually decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
- Professor, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences, Kollam, Kerala
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
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Iyaswamy A, Vasudevan K, Jayaraman S, Jaganathan R, Thakur A, Chang RCC, Yang C. Editorial: Advances in Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics, brain delivery systems, and therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1162879. [PMID: 37006608 PMCID: PMC10064118 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1162879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Mr. And Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Ashok Iyaswamy, ,
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Science, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Roy JR, Janaki CS, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Periyasamy V, Balaji T, Vijayamalathi M, Bhuvaneswari P, Swetha P. Hypoglycemic Potential of Carica papaya in Liver Is Mediated through IRS-2/PI3K/SREBP-1c/GLUT2 Signaling in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Male Rats. Toxics 2023; 11:240. [PMID: 36977005 PMCID: PMC10054599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of socioeconomic or demographic background, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which affects more than half a billion people worldwide, has been steadily increasing over time. The health, emotional, sociological, and economic well-being of people would suffer if this number is not successfully handled. The liver is one of the key organs accountable for sustaining metabolic balance. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species inhibit the recruitment and activation of IRS-1, IRS-2, and PI3K-Akt downstream signaling cascade. These signaling mechanisms reduce hepatic glucose absorption and glycogenesis while increasing hepatic glucose output and glycogenolysis. In our work, an analysis of the molecular mechanism of Carica papaya in mitigating hepatic insulin resistance in vivo and in silico was carried out. The gluconeogenic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, hepatic glycogen tissue concentration, oxidative stress markers, enzymatic antioxidants, protein expression of IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1C, and GLUT-2 were evaluated in the liver tissues of high-fat-diet streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats using q-RT-PCR as well as immunohistochemistry and histopathology. Upon treatment, C. papaya restored the protein and gene expression in the liver. In the docking analysis, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid present in the extract were found to have high binding affinities against IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1c, and GLUT-2, which may have contributed much to the antidiabetic property of C. papaya. Thus, C. papaya was capable of restoring the altered levels in the hepatic tissues of T2DM rats, reversing hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotakura Balaji
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Vijayamalathi
- Department of Physiology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusamy Bhuvaneswari
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Panneerselvam Swetha
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pazhani J, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP. Therapeutic implication of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Surg 2023; 109:230-231. [PMID: 37093067 PMCID: PMC10389241 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Benitha G, Ramani P, Jayaraman S, R A, Ramalingam K, Krishnan M. Evaluation of Serum Levels of Matrix MetalloProteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Correlation. Cureus 2023; 15:e34954. [PMID: 36938194 PMCID: PMC10018444 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most prevalent malignancies in India is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is found in more than 90% of cancer cases and has a reduced survival rate of 30%. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing and calcium-dependent endopeptidases that regulate angiogenesis, migration, and proliferation. MMP-9 in OSCC increases tumor progression through angiogenesis, degrades the basement membrane, and facilitates metastasis by changes in tissue shape. Its overexpression in OSCC has also been shown to have prognostic significance. AIM This study aims to evaluate the serum levels of MMP-9 in OSCC patients and healthy controls and to correlate with its clinicopathological staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 40 individuals; 20 patients with OSCC and 20 healthy controls. MMP-9 was determined in serum samples utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Descriptive statistics showed that 90% of the patients included in the OSCC groups were above 40 years, and 85% were males. There was a significant increase in the serum level of MMP-9 in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls with a mean difference of +28% (393.21 pg/ml) and a significant p-value of 0.001. (1365.80 ±236.414 pg/ml vs 973.67 ± 83.416 pg/ml). There was a significant increase in the serum levels of MMP-9 among the tumor stages and nodal involvement with a significant p-value of 0.002 and 0.001. No significant association was found between the age and gender groups in OSCC patients and serum levels of MMP-9. CONCLUSION MMP-9 was significantly increased in OSCC when compared to healthy controls. Hence, MMP-9 can be used as a prognostic indicator in assessing tumor staging and nodal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Benitha
- Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Abilasha R
- Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Murugesan Krishnan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Mahalingam SS, Jayaraman S, Bhaskaran N, Schneider E, Faddoul F, Paes da Silva A, Lederman MM, Asaad R, Adkins-Travis K, Shriver LP, Pandiyan P. Polyamine metabolism impacts T cell dysfunction in the oral mucosa of people living with HIV. Nat Commun 2023; 14:399. [PMID: 36693889 PMCID: PMC9873639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes in immune cells contribute to both physiological and pathophysiological outcomes of immune reactions. Here, by comparing protein expression, transcriptome, and salivary metabolome profiles of uninfected and HIV+ individuals, we found perturbations of polyamine metabolism in the oral mucosa of HIV+ patients. Mechanistic studies using an in vitro human tonsil organoid infection model revealed that HIV infection of T cells also resulted in increased polyamine synthesis, which was dependent on the activities of caspase-1, IL-1β, and ornithine decarboxylase-1. HIV-1 also led to a heightened expression of polyamine synthesis intermediates including ornithine decarboxylase-1 as well as an elevated dysfunctional regulatory T cell (TregDys)/T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratios. Blockade of caspase-1 and polyamine synthesis intermediates reversed the TregDys phenotype showing the direct role of polyamine pathway in altering T cell functions during HIV-1 infection. Lastly, oral mucosal TregDys/Th17 ratios and CD4 hyperactivation positively correlated with salivary putrescine levels, which were found to be elevated in the saliva of HIV+ patients. Thus, by revealing the role of aberrantly increased polyamine synthesis during HIV infection, our study unveils a mechanism by which chronic viral infections could drive distinct T cell effector programs and Treg dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mahalingam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - S Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - N Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - E Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - F Faddoul
- Advanced Education in General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - A Paes da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - M M Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - R Asaad
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - K Adkins-Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - L P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - P Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Krishnamoorthy K, Priya Veeraraghavan V, Jayaraman S. E3 ubiquitin ligases: A therapeutic drug target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gangadharan S, Ambrose JM, Rajajagadeesan A, Kullappan M, Patil S, Gandhamaneni SH, Veeraraghavan VP, Nakkella AK, Agarwal A, Jayaraman S, Surapaneni KM. Repurposing of potential antiviral drugs against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 by computational approach. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1180-1191. [PMID: 36240528 PMCID: PMC9514006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidences of COVID-19 cases are believed to be associated with high transmissibility rates, which emphasizes the need for the discovery of evidence-based antiviral therapies for curing the disease. The rationale of repurposing existing classes of antiviral small molecule therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been expected to accelerate the tedious and expensive drug development process. While Remdesivir has been recently approved to be the first treatment option for specific groups of COVID-19 patients, combinatory therapy with potential antiviral drugs may be necessary to enhance the efficacy in different populations. Hence, a comprehensive list of investigational antimicrobial drug compounds such as Favipiravir, Fidaxomicin, Galidesivir, GC376, Ribavirin, Rifabutin, and Umifenovir were computationally evaluated in this study. We performed in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation on the selected small molecules against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is one of the key target proteins of SARS-CoV-2, using AutoDock and GROMACS. Interestingly, our results revealed that the macrocyclic antibiotic, Fidaxomicin, possesses the highest binding affinity with the lowest energy value of -8.97 kcal/mol binding to the same active sites of RdRp. GC376, Rifabutin, Umifenovir and Remdesivir were identified as the next best compounds. Therefore, the above-mentioned compounds could be considered good leads for further preclinical and clinical experimentations as potentially efficient antiviral inhibitors for combination therapies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Gangadharan
- Department of Chemistry, Panimalar Engineering College, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jenifer Mallavarpu Ambrose
- Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anusha Rajajagadeesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Malathi Kullappan
- Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH-84095, USA; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics ( COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Sri Harshini Gandhamaneni
- Department of General Medicine, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics ( COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Aruna Kumari Nakkella
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar University, Etcherla, Srikakulam 532410, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Alok Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Chinmaya Degree College, BHEL, Haridwar 249403, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics ( COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Prasad M, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Methylated ZNF582: a therapeutic target in oral cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1389-1392. [PMID: 36722134 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Zinc finger proteins control the transcription of downstream genes that are implicated in migration, invasion, cell death and proliferation. More mechanistic research on ZNF582 is needed to ascertain how this protein's methylation regulates the inflammatory pathway in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Center of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Center of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Center of Molecular Medicine & Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
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Krishnan M, Babu S, Jayaraman S, Daniel P, Solomon A, Chinnaiyan M. MICRORNA-31 AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC BIOMARKER FOR ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. Exp Oncol 2022; 44:263-264. [PMID: 36325699 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-44-no-3.18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - S Babu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - S Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department Biochemistry
| | - P Daniel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L.M PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
| | - A Solomon
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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Jayaraman S, Dinesh Y, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj AT, Patil S. Assessing the Potential Applications of Epidrugs in Epigenetic-mediated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:1077-1078. [PMID: 37073928 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Phone: +91 7397331153, e-mail:
| | - Y Dinesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9841445599, e-mail:
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Suresh C, Veeraraghavan V, Jayaraman S, Gayathri R, Kavitha S. Awareness about the significance of acid-base balance of saliva in maintaining oral health. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S325-S329. [PMID: 36643109 PMCID: PMC9836138 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_402_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a multilayered secretion. The quality of saliva is just as crucial as the quantity. Saliva is necessary for preserving the integrity of oral structures, personal connections, digestion, and acid-base balance. The acid-base balance in one's oral environment is always being challenged. It happens every time we eat a meal, and when microorganisms are present. At a pH of 5 or 5.5, the demineralization of the enamel and hard tooth structures occurs. This study aimed to raise awareness about the importance of acid-base balance of saliva in dental health. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the awareness on the importance of acid-base balance in maintaining oral health. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, and the results were plotted in a graph. The Chi-square test was employed for evaluating the data, which was done with SPSS software. The study indicated that 91.74% of the participants were aware of the salivary pH in case of healthy gingiva, 34.82% of the respondents were aware of the salivary pH in case of chronic gingivitis, and 20.33% of the respondents were aware of the salivary pH in case of chronic periodontitis. We also correlated our results with gender and year of study. Oral health plays a major role in identifying systemic diseases and hence enough knowledge about various aspects about the oral cavity and its manifestations needs to be created among dental students to ensure that they become efficient dental surgeons in the future. Even though a fair amount of people knew the pH of clinically healthy gingiva, most of them did not know the pH at which periodontitis or gingivitis was caused. Hence, creating awareness about this topic stands vital. Further studies are required for a better understanding of salivary components and how they affect the caries process. The utilization of modified oral molecules as medicinal agents could become a reality with this understanding. Our findings imply that being aware of dietary composition has an impact on acid-base balance. To maintain the correct acid-base balance, more awareness of protein consumption is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Roy JR, Janaki CS, Jayaraman S, Periyasamy V, Balaji T, Vijayamalathi M, Veeraraghavan VP. Carica papaya Reduces Muscle Insulin Resistance via IR/GLUT4 Mediated Signaling Mechanisms in High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102081. [PMID: 36290804 PMCID: PMC9598374 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the management of type 2 diabetes, oral antidiabetic drugs have several side effects, which in turn have led the pharmaceutical industry to search for good therapeutic, non-toxic and reliable drugs. Carica papaya (C. papaya) is one of several plants in nature that have been found to possess anti-diabetic properties. Despite studies being focused on the antidiabetic activity of C. papaya, the molecular mechanism against high fat diet induced insulin resistance is yet to be identified. The role of C. papaya was evaluated on insulin signaling molecules, such as the insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in high fat, diet-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats, and analyzed the bioactive compounds of C. papaya against IR and GLUT4 via molecular docking and dynamics. The ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaves (600 mg/kg of body weight) was given daily to male wistar rats for 45 days and we observed the various biochemical parameters, gene expression analysis and histopathology of skeletal muscle. Molecular docking and dynamics were undertaken to understand the bioactive compounds with the greatest hit rate. C. papaya treatment was able to control blood glucose levels, the lipid profile and serum insulin, but it facilitated tissue antioxidant enzymes and IR and GLUT4 levels. The in-silico study showed that kaempferol, quercitin and transferulic acid were the top three ligands with the greatest hit rate against the protein targets. Our preliminary findings, for the first time, showed that C. papaya reinstates the glycemic effect in the diabetic skeletal muscle by accelerating the expression of IR and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (J.R.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (J.R.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotakura Balaji
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Vijayamalathi
- Department of Physiology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Zhang H, Gunasekaran VP, Ariyo AL, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Long Q. A critical review on starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1852-1860. [PMID: 36195229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Starch-based nanofibrous scaffolds exhibit a potential wound healing processes as they are cost-effective, flexible, and biocompatible. Recently, natural polymers have received greater importance in regenerative medicine, mainly in the process of healing wounds and burns due to their unique properties which also include safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this respect, starch is considered to be one of the reliable natural polymers to promote the process of wound healing at a significantly faster rate. Starch and starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been used for the wound healing process which includes the process of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of cells. It also possesses significant activity to encapsulate and deliver biomaterials at a specific site which persuades the wound healing process at an increased rate. As the aforementioned scaffolds mimic the native extracellular matrix more closely, may help in the acceleration of wound closure, which in turn may lead to the promotion of tissue reorganization and remodeling. In-depth knowledge in understanding the properties of nanofibrous scaffolds paves a way to unfold novel methods and therapies, also to overcome challenges associated with wound healing. This review is intended to provide comprehensive information and recent advances in starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | | | - Adeniran Lateef Ariyo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai 600 078, India
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China.
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Jayaraman S, Fathima SJ, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj AT, Patil S. Resveratrol and miR-200c: insights into the prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3471-3472. [PMID: 36268781 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Shazia Jh Fathima
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, 600130, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Jayaraman S. 23P Vitamin D deficiency and SNPs in melatonin pathway genes potentiate breast cancer susceptibility: A pilot study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Prasad M, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S. Tumorigenic potential of GLUT4: A therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 133:106061. [PMID: 35952585 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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