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Zhang X, Al-Dhabi NA, Gao B, Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Tang W, Chuma A, Chen C, Wu P. Robust rehabilitation of anammox system by granular activated carbon under long-term starvation stress: Microbiota restoration and metabolic reinforcement. Bioresour Technol 2024; 393:130113. [PMID: 38013039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the buffering capacity and recovery-enhancing ability of granular activated carbon (GAC) in a starved (influent total nitrogen: 20 mg/L) anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor. The findings revealed that anammox aggregated and sustained basal metabolism with shorter performance recovery lag (6 days) and better nitrogen removal efficiency (84.9 %) due to weak electron-repulsion and abundance redox-active groups on GAC's surface. GAC-supported enhanced extracellular polymeric substance secretion aided anammox in resisting starvation. GAC also facilitated anammox bacterial proliferation and expedited the restoration of anammox microbial community from a starved state to its initial-level. Metabolic function analyses unveiled that GAC improved the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism and sugar-nucleotide biosynthesis while promoted microbial cross-feeding, ultimately indicating the superior potential of GAC in stimulating more diverse metabolic networks in nutrient-depleted anammox consortia. This research sheds light on the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying GAC-mediated anammox system in low-substrate habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Amen Chuma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Liu L, Huang X, Tu C, Chen B, Bai Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Lin L, Qin Z. The effects of starvation stress on intestinal morphology and flora of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106502. [PMID: 38103581 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Starvation stress can profoundly impact various physiological parameters in fish, including metabolism, behavior, meat quality, and reproduction. However, the repercussions of starvation on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp remain under-explored. This research aimed to elucidate the effects of a 28-day starvation period on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of grass carp. Tissue pathology assessments revealed significant alterations in the dimensions of intestinal villi in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut as compared to the controls. Specifically, dominant differences appeared in both the length and width of the villi. Moreover, a marked decline in the goblet cell population was observed across all the intestinal segments. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to investigate changes in the gut microbiota, which revealed distinct clustering patterns among the starved and control groups. While α diversity metrics remained consistent for the anterior intestine, significant deviations were recorded in the Shannon (midgut: ***P < 0.001; hindgut: *P < 0.05) and Simpson indices (midgut and hindgut: ***P < 0.001), demonstrating alterations in microbial richness and evenness. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria emerged as dominant groups post-starvation. Other bacterial taxa, such as Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, decreased, whereas Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed a small increase. In summation, starvation induces considerable morphological and microbial shifts in the grass carp intestine, and thus, this study offers valuable insights into their cultivation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Chengming Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanhan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Linpeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
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Liu X, Gao J, Zhang P, Shi T, Yan B, Azra MN, Baloch WA, Wang P, Gao H. De novo transcriptional analysis of the response to starvation stress in the white ridgetail prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda. Genomics 2023; 115:110746. [PMID: 37977333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
To study the mechanism of the biomolecular response in Exopalaemon carinicauda to starvation stress, we subjected muscle tissue RNA samples from four stress points, including 0 d(control group), 10 d, 20 d, and 30 d, to starvation stress on white ridgetail prawn with a body weight of 1.41 + 0.42 g, aquaculture water temperature of 23-25 °C, salinity of 26, dissolved oxygen ≥5 mg/L, and pH 8-8.5, Then performed de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analysis using BGISEQ-500 with a tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) system. By de novo assembling at the four times, we obtained 28,167, 21,115, 24,497, and 27,080 reads, respectively. The results showed that the stress at 10 d led to no significant difference in the expressed genes, while the stress at 20 d and 30 d showed a significant increase (or decrease) in the expression of 97 (276) and 143 (410) genes, respectively, which were involved in 8 different metabolic pathways. In addition, we detected 2647 unigene transcription factors. Eleven upregulated and sixteen downregulated genes from the different starvation stress groups were choose to verify the reliability of the transcriptome data, and the results showed that the expression trends of these genes were consistent with the results shown by the transcriptome. The analysis of the experimental data and our discussion of the response mechanism of white ridgetail prawn under starvation stress provides a foundation for further screening of the key genes of starvation stress and may help to elucidate their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Binlun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Wazir Ali Baloch
- Department of Freshwater Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Panpan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
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Krupyanskii YF. Determination of DNA architecture of bacteria under various types of stress, methodological approaches, problems, and solutions. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1035-1051. [PMID: 37974993 PMCID: PMC10643406 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Actively growing cells maintain a dynamic, far from equilibrium order through metabolism. Under starvation stress or under stress of exposure to the analog of the anabiosis autoinducer (4-hexylresorcinol), cells go into a dormant state (almost complete lack of metabolism) or even into a mummified state. In a dormant state, cells are forced to use the physical mechanisms of DNA protection. The architecture of DNA in the dormant and mummified state of cells was studied by x-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diffraction experiments indicate the appearance of an ordered organization of DNA. TEM made it possible to visualize the type of DNA ordering. Intracellular nanocrystalline, liquid-crystalline, and folded nucleosome-like structures of DNA have been found. The structure of DNA within a cell in an anabiotic dormant state and dormant state (starvation stress) coincides (forms nanocrystalline structures). Data suggest the universality of DNA condensation by a protein Dps for a dormant state, regardless of the type of stress. The mummified state is very different in structure from the dormant state (has no ordering within a cell). It turned out that it is possible to visualize DNA conformation in toroidal and liquid crystal structures in which there is either no or a very small amount of the Dps protein. Observation of the DNA conformation in nanocrystals and folded nucleosome-like structures so far has been inconclusive. The methodological advances described will facilitate high-resolution visualization of the DNA conformation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. F. Krupyanskii
- N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Structure of Matter, 119991, Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia
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Jiang Q, Ji P, Ao S, Gao X, Zhang X. Effects of Starvation and Refeeding on Glucose Metabolism and Immune Responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023:10.1007/s10126-023-10218-3. [PMID: 37249812 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Starvation is a common challenge for aquatic animals in both natural and cultured environments. To investigate the effects of starvation and refeeding on glucose metabolism and immunity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, prawns were starved for 14 days and then refed for 7 days. Results showed that both glucose and trehalose levels decreased significantly at the beginning of starvation, followed by a significant decrease in glycogen content in the hepatopancreas and muscle. Triglyceride and total protein reserves were also mobilized under starvation, with a slightly quicker response from triglycerides. The mRNA levels of glycolysis (glucokinase) and anabolism-related enzymes (glycogen branching enzyme, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and transpeptidase) decreased during starvation, while gluconeogenic potential was induced, as indicated by up-regulated transcriptional levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and catabolism-related enzymes (glycogen debranching enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase, and cathepsin B). Starvation also stimulated the expression of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and inhibited insulin-like peptide expression, indicating their potential role in glucose metabolism regulation. In addition, starvation increased the mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and prophenoloxidase, indicating an influence on the immune system. After bacterial infection, starved prawns showed enhanced activity of non-specific immunological parameters and reduced mortality. Refeeding for 7 days led to a recovery of physiological and biochemical indices and transcriptional levels of metabolism/immune-related genes. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying energy utilization, metabolic adaptation, and immune response to starvation in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqi Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Han X, Wang J, Li B, Song Z, Li P, Huang B, Wang C, Sun Y, Wang X, Hao T. Analyses of regulatory network and discovery of potential biomarkers for Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) in responses to starvation stress through transcriptome and metabolome. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2023; 46:101061. [PMID: 36796184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Whether in aquaculture or in nature, starvation stress limits the growth of fish. The purpose of the study was to clarify the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying starvation stress in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) through liver transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Transcriptome results showed that liver genes associated with cell cycle and fatty acid synthesis were down-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid decomposition were up-regulated in the experimental group (EG; starved for 72 days) compared to the control group (CG; feeding). Metabolomic results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of metabolites related to nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism, such as purine metabolism, histidine metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Five fatty acids (C22:6n-3; C22:5n-3; C20:5n-3; C20:4n-3; C18:3n-6) were selected as possible biomarkers of starvation stress from the differential metabolites of metabolome. Subsequently, correlation between these differential genes of lipid metabolism and cell cycle and differential metabolites were analyzed, and observed that these five fatty acids were significantly correlated with the differential genes. These results provide new clues for understanding the role of fatty acid metabolism and cell cycle in fish under starvation stress. It also provides a reference for promoting the biomarker identification of starvation stress and stress tolerance breeding research.
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Hou B, Peng S, Deng R, Ren B, Song Y. Biological nutrients removal performance under starvation stress: Efficacy deterioration and recovery. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:126977. [PMID: 35276376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological nutrients removal performance affected by starvation stress was investigated via the addition of pre-anoxic stage to SBR. COD removal efficiency maintained at around 90% regardless of the starvation stress. Starvation stress presented significant impact on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, with noticeable reduction of TN removal and remarkable deterioration of TP removal as prolonging the pre-anoxic time, which was mainly attributed to the integrative effect of carbon source competition, depression of denitrification and invalid P release as well as the variation of microbial community. It was notable that starvation stress exerted distinct evolution on microbial community. The improvement in relative abundance of the certain genera relating to denitrification was the main reason for the partial recovery of nitrogen removal after eliminating stress starvation. The promotion of P uptake capacity accompanied with the relief of invalid P release and the enriched DPAOs accounted for the complete recovery of phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Hou
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Sining Peng
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Renjian Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Bozhi Ren
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Yujia Song
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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Chen W, Jin Y, Xu D, Li W, Pan C, Li Y, Kang D, Zhang M, Zeng Z, Shan S, Zheng P. Underlying function regulators of anaerobic granular sludge: Starvation and dormancy. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:151024. [PMID: 34662610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) is the core of anaerobic granular sludge bed system. In this study, the effect and its mechanism of stopping substrate supply on function of AnGS were investigated. The cutoff of exogenous substrate supply triggered AnGS to enter the dormant state. Some methanization microorganisms sporulated. The number and activity of methanization microorganisms based on 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA/16S rDNA ratio declined and stayed at 45.5% and 0.06% (bacteria), 48.7% and 0.39% (archaea) of the initial vegetative value, respectively. The resuming of exogenous substrate supply promoted AnGS to restore the vegetative state. The spores disappeared. The specific methanization activity of AnGS returned to the original level of 35.82 mL-CH4/g-VSS·d, but the delay time for gas production (DTGS) was prolonged from 9.54 to 18.04 h (0-132 d). The dormancy of methanization microorganisms was the main cause for the fluctuation of apparent function and the stability of intrinsic function of AnGS under starvation stress. The dormancy stabilized the structure and sustained the methanization community of AnGS via the reduction of EPS (structure binder/energy reserve) consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Lab Recycling & Ecotreatment Waste Biomass Zh, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhao F, Zhou Z, Zhao F, Wang J, Liu T, Yang X, Zhang X, Li Z. Stress responses of the intestinal digestion, antioxidant status, microbiota and non-specific immunity in Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) under starvation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:411-420. [PMID: 34915148 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Songpu mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio L., is a new variety of common carp that has become an economically important freshwater fish in China. However, it remains unknown how its metabolism is regulated under starvation. Here, we investigated how intestinal digestion, antioxidant status, microbiota and immune activities were affected under starvation stress. The feeding regimes were designed as follows: ST0 comprised fish allowed to feed continuously; ST1 comprised fish starved for 1 week; ST2 comprised fish starved for 2 weeks; ST3 comprised fish starved for 3 weeks; ST4 comprised fish starved for 4 weeks. Our results showed a significant decrease in the level of intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities in the group ST4 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased during short-term starvation. The gene expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were elevated in the groups ST3 and ST4. We also detected the reduction in the expression levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β2) compared with those of the group ST0. Notably, the gut microbial composition was dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of the dominant microbial phyla changed significantly under starvation stress. Taken together, our results suggest that starvation can induce the change of intestinal digestion, non-specific immunity and microbiota in Songpu mirror carp, and provide new insights into its habitat selection and adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jinle Wang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhengyou Li
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Xu H, Fan SQ, Wang G, Miao XM, Li Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the importance of exogenous nutrition in regulating antioxidant defenses during the mouth-opening stage in oviparous fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1087-1103. [PMID: 34036482 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant system is crucial for protecting against environmental oxidative stress in fish life cycle. Although the effects of starvation on the antioxidant defenses in several adult fish have been defined, no relevant researches have been reported in the larval stage, particularly during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. To clarify the molecular response of antioxidant system that occurs during the mouth-opening stage under starvation stress and explore its association with energy metabolism, we employed RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression profiles in zebrafish larvae that received a delayed first feeding for 3 days. Our data showed that delayed feeding resulted in downregulation of 7078 genes and upregulation of 497 genes. These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in growth regulation (i.e., DNA replication and cell cycle), energy metabolism (i.e., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism), and antioxidant defenses. We demonstrated that the starved larvae are in an extremely malnourished state in the absence of exogenous nutrition, and the consequence is that numerous antioxidant genes are downregulated. Meanwhile, the antioxidant defenses also respond negatively to oxidative stress. After nutritional supply, the expression of these inhibited antioxidant genes was restored. These results suggest that the establishment of antioxidant defenses during the mouth-opening stage depends highly on exogenous nutrition. Our findings would contribute to comprehending the nutritional stress and metabolic switches during the mouth-opening stage and are essential for reducing high mortality in commercial fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shi-Qi Fan
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Min Miao
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Fan X, Cui L, Hou T, Xue X, Zhang S, Wang Z. Stress responses of testicular development, inflammatory and apoptotic activities in male zebrafish (Danio rerio) under starvation. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103833. [PMID: 32818607 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food deprivation is a severe stress across multiple fields and challenged to organismal development and immune system. Here, adult male zebrafish were used to investigate the starvation stress on organismal development, spermatogenesis, testicular inflammation and apoptosis. Results showed that the biological indexes, blood parameters, and RNA/DNA ratio in testis dramatically decreased after 1-3 weeks of starvation. The testicular architecture was impaired and the spermatogenesis was retarded with increased proportions of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and decreased proportion of spermatozoa in the starved fish. The mRNA expressions of amh and sycp3 were downregulated, the retinoic acid content increased at later stage of starvation through the transcriptional regulation of aldh1a2 and cyp26a1. Besides, the immune response was elevated with upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which indicated the inflammation of opportunistic risk in testis. The apoptotic activity was stimulated, accompanied by differentially upregulated expressions of baxa, casp9, casp3, casp2, and decreased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the attenuate testis. Taken together, our findings revealed that the stress responses of testicular development, inflammatory and apoptotic activities in male zebrafish under starvation and pointed out the susceptibility of fish gonad to food fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Ling Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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12
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Polan DM, Alansari M, Lee B, Grewal SS. Early-life hypoxia alters adult physiology and reduces stress resistance and lifespan in Drosophila. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226027. [PMID: 32988998 PMCID: PMC10668336 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In many animals, short-term fluctuations in environmental conditions in early life often exert long-term effects on adult physiology. In Drosophila, one ecologically relevant environmental variable is hypoxia. Drosophila larvae live on rotting, fermenting food rich in microorganisms, an environment characterized by low ambient oxygen. They have therefore evolved to tolerate hypoxia. Although the acute effects of hypoxia in larvae have been well studied, whether early-life hypoxia affects adult physiology and fitness is less clear. Here, we show that Drosophila exposed to hypoxia during their larval period subsequently show reduced starvation stress resistance and shorter lifespan as adults, with these effects being stronger in males. We find that these effects are associated with reduced whole-body insulin signaling but elevated TOR kinase activity, a manipulation known to reduce lifespan. We also identify a sexually dimorphic effect of larval hypoxia on adult nutrient storage and mobilization. Thus, we find that males, but not females, show elevated levels of lipids and glycogen. Moreover, we see that both males and females exposed to hypoxia as larvae show defective lipid mobilization upon starvation stress as adults. These data demonstrate how early-life hypoxia can exert persistent, sexually dimorphic, long-term effects on Drosophila adult physiology and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Polan
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohammed Alansari
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Savraj S Grewal
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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13
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Wei J, Gao H, Yang Y, Liu H, Yu H, Chen Z, Dong B. Seasonal dynamics and starvation impact on the gut microbiome of urochordate ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:30. [PMID: 33499981 PMCID: PMC7807810 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota plays important roles in host animal metabolism, homeostasis and environmental adaptation. However, the interplay between the gut microbiome and urochordate ascidian, the most closet relative of vertebrate, remains less explored. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of urochordate ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) across the changes of season and starvation stress using a comprehensive set of omic approaches including 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, metabolomic profiling, and transcriptome sequencing. Results The 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling revealed that ascidians harbor indigenous gut microbiota distinctly different to the marine microbial community and significant variations in composition and abundance of gut bacteria, with predominant bacterial orders representing each season. Depressed alpha-diversities of gut microbiota were observed across starvation stress when compared to the communities in aquafarm condition. Synechococcales involving photosynthesis and its related biosynthesis was reduced in abundance while the enrichments of Xanthomonadales and Legionellales may facilitate bile acid biosynthesis during starvation. Metabolomics analysis found that long chain fatty acids, linolenic acid, cyanoamino acid, and pigments derived from gut bacteria were upregulated, suggesting a beneficial contribution of the gut microbiome to the ascidian under starvation stress. Conclusions Our findings revealed seasonal variation of ascidian gut microbiota. Defense and energy-associated metabolites derived from gut microbiome may provide an adaptive interplay between gut microbiome and ascidian host that maintains a beneficial metabolic system across season and starvation stress. The diversity-generating metabolisms from both microbiota and host might lead to the co-evolution and environmental adaptation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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14
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Fan X, Hou T, Guan Y, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z. Genomic responses of DNA methylation and transcript profiles in zebrafish cells upon nutrient deprivation stress. Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:137980. [PMID: 32208287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress such as nutrient deprivation across multiple fields in nature causes physiological and biochemical changes in organism. Understanding the potential epigenetic modulations to phenotypic variation upon nutrient deprivation stress is crucial for environmental assessments. Here, the methyl-cytosine at single-base resolution was mapped across the whole genome and the methylation patterns and methylation levels coordinated with transcript analysis were systemically elaborated in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells under serum starvation stress. The down-regulated genes mainly annotated to the pathways of DNA replication and cell cycle that were consistent with cell physiological changes. Vast differentially methylated regions were identified in genomic chromosome and showed enrichment in the intron and intergenic regions. In an integrated transcriptome and DNA methylation analyses, 135 negatively correlated genes were determined, wherein the hub genes of gins2, cdca5, fbxo5, slc29a2, suv39h1b, and zgc:174160 were predominant responsive to the nutrient condition changes. Besides, nutrient recovery and DNA methyltransferases inhibitor supplements partly rescued cell proliferation with decrease of DNA methylation and reactivation of several depressed genes, implying the possible intrinsic relationships among cell physiological state, mRNA expression, and DNA methylation. Collectively, current study proved the broad role of DNA methylation in governing cellular responses to nutrient deprivation and revealed the epigenetic risk of starvation stress in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongjing Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Xu D, Kang D, Ding A, Li Y, Yu T, Li W, Zeng Z, Guo L, Zheng P. Response of FANIR system to starvation stress: "Dormancy". Water Res 2020; 171:115380. [PMID: 31865124 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process has been successfully applied in the nitrogen removal from high-strength wastewaters. However, little information is available for its treatment of low-strength wastewaters. In this study, a Famine Anammox NItrogen Removal (FANIR) system was developed to investigate the effect of long-term substrate starvation at the low nitrogen concentration (the influent total nitrogen was set at ∼1 mg/L). The results showed that the response of FANIR system to the starvation stress took on two phases: the functional decline phase (0-54 day) and the functional stabilization phase (62-116 day). Over the two phases, the Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) of anammox reactor firstly dropped sharply; and then came to a constant level. The activity and settleability of Anammox Granular Sludge (AnGS) firstly deteriorated seriously, and then stayed in a stable range. The relative abundance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Bacteria (AnAOB) firstly decreased markedly, and then approached a steady state with the change of dominant genus from Candidatus Brocadia to Candidatus Kuenenia. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene and hzs gene of AnAOB and their transcription level firstly declined largely as well, and then became stable with the 16S rRNA gene, hzs gene, 16S rRNA and hzs-mRNA of AnAOB at 23.9%, 9.1%, 1.2% and 1.0% of the initial value, respectively. To our delight, the behavior of FANIR system in the functional stabilization phase was proved indeed consistent with the feature for AnAOB to enter the dormancy state. These findings are helpful to understand the physiology of AnAOB over the starvation stress and to promote the extension of anammox process to the treatment of low-strength wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aqiang Ding
- Department of Environmental Science College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiyan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Song H, Xu D, Tian L, Chen R, Wang L, Tan P, You Q. Overwinter mortality in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora): Insights from growth and immune responses to cold and starvation stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:341-347. [PMID: 31202964 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is an economically important maricultured fish in China, but the aquaculture of this species has recently been limited by an increase in overwinter mortalities associated with cold and starvation stress due to global climate changes. To better understand the interaction between starvation and cold-stress-driven overwinter mortality, we investigated the effects of these stresses on the growth performance, liver lesions, and immune response of yellow drum fish. The fish were subjected to different cold treatments and under starvation stress. The experiment lasted 30 days and involved four experimental groups: a fed group and a fasted group maintained at 16 °C (control), and a fed group and a fasted group subjected to cold stress at 8 °C. We found that the growth of yellow drum was severely affected by cold temperatures and starvation. Throughout the experimental period, the body weights were significantly lower in the groups subjected to starvation and cold stress than in the control group. The liver cells showed irregular shapes and disorderly arrangements in the stress groups; indicating liver lesions. The gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes (copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, iron superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the liver were lower in the groups subjected to starvation and cold stress than in the control groups. These results were basically consistent with the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase tested in the livers. In addition, activities of immunomodulatory enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) were also inhibited in groups subjected to stress throughout the experiment period. These findings suggested that starvation and cold stress inhibited growth, depressed liver function, and suppressed the immune system of yellow drum, which likely would lead to physiological failure and increased susceptibility to infection. The present study offers insights into the physiological and immune response of yellow drum under cold and starvation stress. These insights not only provide baseline information from which effective strategies can be established and appropriate management decisions formulated, but can also be used to improve the overwinter survival of this important fish species in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Song
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Lu Tian
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Chen
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ligai Wang
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Peng Tan
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qiaochu You
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushanm, 316100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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17
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Dai WF, Zhang JJ, Qiu QF, Chen J, Yang W, Ni S, Xiong JB. Starvation stress affects the interplay among shrimp gut microbiota, digestion and immune activities. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 80:191-199. [PMID: 29803665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are frequently suffered from starvation due to restricted food availability or deprivation. It is currently known that gut microbiota assists host in nutrient acquisition. Thus, exploring the gut microbiota responses would improve our understanding on physiological adaptation to starvation. To achieve this, we investigated how the gut microbiota and shrimp digestion and immune activities were affected under starvation stress. The results showed that the measured digestion activities in starved shrimp were significantly lower than in normal cohorts; while the measured immune activities exhibited an opposite trend. A structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that changes in the gut bacterial community were directly related to digestive and immune enzyme activities, which in turn markedly affected shrimp growth traits. Notably, several gut bacterial indicators that characterized the shrimp nutrient status were identified, with more abundant opportunistic pathogens in starved shrimp, although there were no statistical differences in the overall diversity and the structures of gut bacterial communities between starved and normal shrimp. Starved shrimp exhibited less connected and cooperative interspecies interaction as compared with normal cohorts. Additionally, the functional pathways involved in carbohydrate and protein digestion, glycan biosynthesis, lipid and enzyme metabolism remarkably decreased in starved shrimp. These attenuations could increase the susceptibility of starved shrimp to pathogens infection. In summary, this study provides novel insights into the interplay among shrimp digestion, immune activities and gut microbiota in response to starvation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qiong-Fen Qiu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Sui Ni
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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18
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Raheb J, Naghdi S, Flint KP. The effect of starvation stress on the protein profiles in Flexibacter chinensis. Iran Biomed J 2008; 12:67-75. [PMID: 18506212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of many proteins produced during the transition into the stationary phase and under stress conditions (including starvation stress) demonstrated that a number of novel proteins were induced in common to each stress and could be the reason for cross-protection in bacterial cells. It is necessary to investigate the synthesis of these proteins during different stress conditions. METHODS The changes in protein profile of Flexibacter chinensis at various stages of the starvation process and the other stresses were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis which has proven to be a powerful tool for investigation of the changes in protein profiles under such conditions. RESULTS Most starvation proteins were synthesized during the early stationary phase and many of these proteins remained during long-term starvation. Some of these proteins were transiently synthesized. The sequencing result of one of the proteins showed that there was a 62.5% identity in 8 amino acids overlapped with the 5' residue of a 10 kDa chaperon protein which is known to be involved in the starvation stress response in other organisms. CONCLUSION There are many proteins synthesized in common with many stresses in Flexibacter chinensis. Some of these proteins must play a major role in the stability of the cell under different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Raheb
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Pazhoohesh Boulvard, Kilometers 17, P.O. Box: 1455-6343, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shamim Naghdi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Pazhoohesh Boulvard, Kilometers 17, P.O. Box: 1455-6343, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ken P Flint
- Dept. of Biological Sciences University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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