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Li S, Zhao Z, Aruhan, Li M. Mongolian medicine: From traditional practice to scientific development. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106977. [PMID: 38032295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aruhan
- International School of Mongolian Medicine, MNUMS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China; Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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2
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Dödtmann E. Haredi Fundamentalism in the State of Israel: How the status quo between state and religion provides ground for a modern religious counter-collective. Z Relig Ges Polit 2022; 7:1-32. [PMID: 36530351 PMCID: PMC9734595 DOI: 10.1007/s41682-022-00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel, which defines itself as Jewish-nation state, has been providing Haredi Jewry, also known as ultra-Orthodoxy, with a vast autonomy in education, enabling the development of a Jewish "Society of Learning Men." This goes back to the Status quo regulations, which blocks the separation of state and religion in the country. In this framework, Haredi Jewry, which was nearly extinct after the Shoah, has developed into a striving and confident fundamentalist religious Jewish movement. At the same time, it has become the demographically most dynamic Jewish current. The influence of Haredi Jewry in Israel is crucial, for its leadership and its members do consider their isolationist, counter-acculturative, anti-modern moulding as the only authentic and "pure" form of Judaism, and they actively combat liberal Jewish interpretations or denominations. In this paper, a discussion about the definition of Haredism as fundamentalism will be provided. Furthermore, it will be argued that through the basic requirement of the Status quo between State and Jewish (orthodox) religion, the Haredi society's attempt to organize itself as a cultural and communal autonomy has been highly successful also against the background of the societal restrictions of this effort given the dependant relationship that has developed between the Haredi community and general Israeli society. As illustrations for this case study, the educational autonomy, the Haredi judicial power over Jewish and non-Jewish citizens and the struggle over the Shabbat regulations will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eik Dödtmann
- Filmuniversity Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF, Potsdam, Germany
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Vásquez WF, Raheem N, Quiroga D, Ochoa-Herrera V. Valuing improved water services and negative environmental externalities from seawater desalination technology: A choice experiment from the Galápagos. J Environ Manage 2022; 304:114204. [PMID: 34871871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While seawater desalination technologies can improve drinking water supply, they can also generate significant environmental externalities. A choice experiment was implemented to investigate household preferences for potential trade-offs between improved water services and environmental impacts from seawater desalination in the Galápagos Islands. Our results indicate that households are willing to pay for water quality improvements, and for protection of coastal ecosystems and marine organisms. In contrast, households seem indifferent regarding water availability and potential impacts on air quality. Our findings also suggest that respondents who consistently reject the proposed desalination project tend to be less affluent and have stronger environmental preferences than those who support it. It is concluded that stated-preference studies on improved water services should also elicit preferences for potential environmental effects of the proposed water technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Vásquez
- Department of Economics, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Rd Fairfield, CT, 06824, United States.
| | - Nejem Raheem
- Department of Marketing Communication, Emerson College, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Diego Quiroga
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador.
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador; Escuela de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
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Bhurwal A, Minacapelli CD, Orosz E, Gupta K, Tait C, Dalal I, Zhang C, Zhao E, Rustgi VK. COVID-19 status quo: Emphasis on gastrointestinal and liver manifestations. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7969-7981. [PMID: 35046624 PMCID: PMC8678824 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused one of the worst public health crises in modern history. Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 primarily affects the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal manifestations are well described in literature. This review will discuss the epidemiology, virology, manifestations, immunosuppressant states, and lessons learned from COVID-19. Observations: At the time of writing, COVID-19 had infected more than 111 million people and caused over 2.5 million deaths worldwide. Multiple medical comorbidities including obesity, pre-existing liver condition and the use of proton pump inhibitor have been described as risk factor for severe COVID-19. COVID-19 most frequently causes diarrhea (12.4%), nausea/vomiting (9%) and elevation in liver enzymes (15%-20%). The current data does not suggest that patients on immunomodulators have a significantly increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. The current guidelines from American Gastroenterological Association and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases do not recommend pre-emptive changes in patients on immunosuppression if the patients have not been infected with COVID-19. Conclusions and relevance: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a change in structure and shape of gastroenterology departmental activities. Endoscopy should be performed only when necessary and with strict protective measures. Online consultations in the form of telehealth services and home drug deliveries have revolutionized the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhurwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Carlos D Minacapelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Evan Orosz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Christopher Tait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Ishita Dalal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Clark Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Eric Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Vinod K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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Sen G, Iyer A, Chattopadhyay S, Khosla R. When accountability meets power: realizing sexual and reproductive health and rights. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:111. [PMID: 32635915 PMCID: PMC7341588 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses a critical concern in realizing sexual and reproductive health and rights through policies and programs - the relationship between power and accountability. We examine accountability strategies for sexual and reproductive health and rights through the lens of power so that we might better understand and assess their actual working. Power often derives from deep structural inequalities, but also seeps into norms and beliefs, into what we 'know' as truth, and what we believe about the world and about ourselves within it. Power legitimizes hierarchy and authority, and manufactures consent. Its capillary action causes it to spread into every corner and social extremity, but also sets up the possibility of challenge and contestation.Using illustrative examples, we show that in some contexts accountability strategies may confront and transform adverse power relationships. In other contexts, power relations may be more resistant to change, giving rise to contestation, accommodation, negotiation or even subversion of the goals of accountability strategies. This raises an important question about measurement. How is one to assess the achievements of accountability strategies, given the shifting sands on which they are implemented?We argue that power-focused realist evaluations are needed that address four sets of questions about: i) the dimensions and sources of power that an accountability strategy confronts; ii) how power is built into the artefacts of the strategy - its objectives, rules, procedures, financing methods inter alia; iii) what incentives, disincentives and norms for behavior are set up by the interplay of the above; and iv) their consequences for the outcomes of the accountability strategy. We illustrate this approach through examples of performance, social and legal accountability strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Sen
- Distinguished Professor and Director, Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity and Social Determinants of Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bangalore, India
| | - Aditi Iyer
- Senior Research Scientist, Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity and Social Determinants of Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Rajat Khosla
- Human Rights Advisor for the Human Reproduction Programme at the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ryan A, Duignan S, Kenny D, McMahon CJ. Decision Making in Paediatric Cardiology. Are We Prone to Heuristics, Biases and Traps? Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:160-167. [PMID: 28980097 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hidden traps in decision making have been long recognised in the behavioural economics community. Yet we spend very limited, if any time, analysing our decision-making processes in medicine and paediatric cardiology. Systems 1 and 2 thought processes differentiate between rapid emotional thoughts and slow deliberate rational thoughts. For fairly clear cut medical decisions, in-depth analysis may not be needed, but in our field of paediatric cardiology it is not uncommon for challenging cases and occasionally 'simple' cases to generate significant debate and uncertainty as to the best decision. Although morbidity and mortality meetings frequently highlight poor outcomes for our patients, they often neglect to analyse the process of thought which underlined those decisions taken. This article attempts to review commonly acknowledged traps in decision making in the behavioural economics world to ascertain whether these heuristics translate to decision making in the paediatric cardiology environment. We also discuss potential individual and collective solutions to pitfalls in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedin Ryan
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Duignan
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien Kenny
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin J McMahon
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Al-Khatib A, Dobránszki J. Fortifying the Corrective Nature of Post-publication Peer Review: Identifying Weaknesses, Use of Journal Clubs, and Rewarding Conscientious Behavior. Sci Eng Ethics 2017; 23:1213-1226. [PMID: 27909954 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most departments in any field of science that have a sound academic basis have discussion groups or journal clubs in which pertinent and relevant literature is frequently discussed, as a group. This paper shows how such discussions could help to fortify the post-publication peer review (PPPR) movement, and could thus fortify the value of traditional peer review, if their content and conclusions were made known to the wider academic community. Recently, there are some tools available for making PPPR viable, either as signed (PubMed Commons) or anonymous comments (PubPeer), or in a hybrid format (Publons). Thus, limited platforms are currently in place to accommodate and integrate PPPR as a supplement to traditional peer review, allowing for the open and public discussion of what is often publicly-funded science. This paper examines ways in which the opinions that emerge from journal clubs or discussion groups could help to fortify the integrity and reliability of science while increasing its accountability. A culture of reward for good and corrective behavior, rather than a culture that protects silence, would benefit science most.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aceil Al-Khatib
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, 4400, P.O. Box 12, Hungary
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Huang L, Xu AM. Post-surgical gastrointestinal reflux disease: Status quo and treatment. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2601-2607. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i17.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflux is a common and tricky morbidity after gastrointestinal surgery which is caused by the destruction of physiological anti-reflux barriers, greatly affecting patients' postoperative quality of life. Gastroenterologists are now actively trying very hard to explore feasible, effective, and safe anti-reflux approaches. Conservative medical treatment, typically with proton pump inhibitors, is easily accepted by patients, however, its long-term adverse events are noteworthy. In the surgical aspect, laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery is gaining more and more popularity, after the first case of fundoplication. Besides, other operations, such as bariatric surgery, pediatric surgery, and pulmonary transplantation, are also frequently complicated by post-operative digestive reflux. Herein we systematically review the status quo and treatment modalities for post-surgical reflux disease, with the hope to facilitate surgeons to cope with this challenging issue appropriately.
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