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Jejaw M, Teshale G, Yazachew L, Dellie E, Debie A. Adverse birth outcome among women who gave birth at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:285. [PMID: 38632514 PMCID: PMC11022324 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, various maternal and child health interventions, including comprehensive and basic obstetric cares were conducted to curb high neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. As such, adverse birth outcome has been a public health concern in the country. Thus, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors with adverse birth outcomes among women who gave birth at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from 30 March to 01 May 2021 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A total of 455 women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression model was fitted Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95%CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare factors significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS In this study, 28% of women had adverse birth outcomes (8.4% stillbirths, 22.9% preterm births, and 10.11% low birth weights). Women aged 20-34) (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.76), rural dwellers (AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.06, 6.32), lack of ANC visits (AOR: 4.10, 95%CI: 1.55, 10.85), APH (AOR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.27, 7.10) and fever (AOR: 7.80, 95%CI: 3.57, 17.02) were associated to stillbirths. Multiple pregnancy (AOR:7.30, 95%CI:1.75, 20.47), rural dwellers (AOR:4.60, 95%CI:1.36, 15.52), preterm births (AOR: 8.60, 95% CI: 3.88, 19.23), previous perinatal death (AOR:2.90, 95%CI:1.35, 6.24), fever (AOR:2.7,95%CI:1.17 ,6.23) and premature rupture of membrane (AOR:2.60, 95% CI:1.02, 6.57) were affecting low birth weights. In addition, previous antepartum hemorrhage (AOR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.37, 4.10) and fever (AOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 2.13, 6.89) were also factors contributing to preterm births. CONCLUSION Adverse birth outcomes continue to pose a significant public health concern. Such high rates of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects, can have serious and long-lasting effects on the health and well-being of both infants and their families, and the community at large. As such, public health efforts are crucial in addressing and mitigating the risk factors associated with adverse birth outcomes. This may involve implementing interventions and policies to improve maternal health, access to prenatal care and nutritional support, and reducing exposure to environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melak Jejaw
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Getachew Teshale
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lake Yazachew
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Dellie
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayal Debie
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, DA Chuffa LG, Zuccari DA, Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin-mediated actions and circadian functions that improve implantation, fetal health and pregnancy outcome. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108534. [PMID: 38185312 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes data related to the potential importance of the ubiquitously functioning antioxidant, melatonin, in resisting oxidative stress and protecting against common pathophysiological disorders that accompany implantation, gestation and fetal development. Melatonin from the maternal pineal gland, but also trophoblasts in the placenta, perhaps in the mitochondria, produce this molecule as a hedge against impairment of the uteroplacental unit. We also discuss the role of circadian disruption on reproductive disorders of pregnancy. The common disorders of pregnancy, i.e., stillborn fetus, recurrent fetal loss, preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, premature delivery, and fetal teratology are all conditions in which elevated oxidative stress plays a role and experimental supplementation with melatonin has been shown to reduce the frequency or severity of these conditions. Moreover, circadian disruption often occurs during pregnancy and has a negative impact on fetal health; conversely, melatonin has circadian rhythm synchronizing actions to overcome the consequences of chronodisruption which often appear postnatally. In view of the extensive findings supporting the ability of melatonin, an endogenously-produced and non-toxic molecule, to protect against experimental placental, fetal, and maternal pathologies, it should be given serious consideration as a supplement to forestall the disorders of pregnancy. Until recently, the collective idea was that melatonin supplements should be avoided during pregnancy. The data summarized herein suggests otherwise. The current findings coupled with the evidence, published elsewhere, showing that melatonin is highly protective of the fertilized oocyte from oxidative damage argues in favor of its use for improving pregnancy outcome generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Luiz Gustavo DA Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Apc Zuccari
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Molecular do Cancer, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Arega BN, Feleke LA, Tilahun HA, Ahmed DM, Hailu FG. Proportion of stillbirth and associated factors among women who deliver at public hospitals in Bahir Dar city, north-West Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38365779 PMCID: PMC10870528 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The annual global burden of stillbirths is estimated to be 3.2 million, of which 98% occur in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the Amhara region of Ethiopia, the prevalence of stillbirth outcomes was 85 per 1000. Ethiopia is experiencing an increase in the number of health professionals attending deliveries, however, stillbirth rates are not decreasing as anticipated. However, there are limited numbers of studies done related to the proportion of stillbirths and associated factors in the study area. This study aimed to assess the proportion of stillbirths and associated factors among women who attended deliveries at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 women who delivered at two referral hospitals in Bahir Dar from April 1, 2020, to August 30, 2020. Study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. A checklist and structured questionnaire were used to retrieve information from the clients and their attendants. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS 23 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify statistically significant associated factors with a P value < 0.05. The results were presented in tables and charts. RESULT The proportion of stillbirths was 3.8% in this study area. This study showed that level of education, who completed primary school (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI (0.01, 0.98)), not using partograph (AOR = 3.77, 95%; CI (1.02; 13.93)), and obstetric complication (AOR = 6.7; 95% CI (1.54, 29.79) were the major factors affecting the stillbirth. CONCLUSION Our study found that stillbirth rate remains a major public health problem. Illiteracy, not using a partograph, and having obstetric complications were major associated factors for stillbirth. The risk factors identified in this study can be prevented and managed by providing appropriate care during preconception, antepartum, and intrapartum periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bantayehu Nega Arega
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Lakachew Asrade Feleke
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwotemariam Alemu Tilahun
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawud Muhammed Ahmed
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadie Getachew Hailu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Fikre R, Ejeta S, Gari T, Alemayhu A. Determinants of stillbirths among women who gave birth at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia 2019: a case-control study. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33597030 PMCID: PMC7888129 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-021-00128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally over 2.6 million pregnancy ends with stillbirth annually. Despite this fact, only a few sherds of evidence were available about factors associated with stillbirth in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to spot factors related to stillbirth among women who gave birth at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Sidama Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS Facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Cases were selected using simple random sampling technique and controls were recruited to the study consecutively after every case selection with case to control ratio of 1 to 3. Data were coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. RESULTS A total of 106 cases and 318 controls were included in the study. Number of antenatal care visit [AOR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.15, 0.95)], lack of partograph utilization [AOR = 4.1 95% CI (2.04, 10.5)], prolonged labor [AOR = 6.5, 95% CI (2.9, 14.4)], obstructed labor [AOR = 3.5, 95% CI (1.5, 9.4)], and congenital defect [AOR = 9.7, 95% CI (4.08, 23.0)] were significantly associated with stillbirth. CONCLUSION Absence of partograph utilization, prolonged labor, obstructed labor, antepartum hemorrhage and congenital anomaly were found to have positive association with stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekiku Fikre
- Mettu University, College of Health Science, P.O. Box 2156, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Samuel Ejeta
- Mettu University, College of Health Science, P.O. Box 2156, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Taye Gari
- Mettu University, College of Health Science, P.O. Box 2156, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Akalewold Alemayhu
- Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of public health, P.O. Box 1560, Awassa, Ethiopia
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Gebreslasie KZ, Weldemariam S, Gebre G, Mehari MA. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of still birth in hospitals of Tigray region Ethiopia. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:107. [PMID: 32718326 PMCID: PMC7385947 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy may represent a time of exceptional vulnerability to intimate partner violence because of changes in women's conditions. Despite the fact that intimate partner violence during pregnancy confers considerable risk to the health of the woman and her fetus, data regarding to association of stillbirth and intimate partner violence is lacking in Tigray region. The objective of this study is to assess intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with still birth among postpartum mothers in hospitals in Tigray Region of Ethiopia. METHODS Cross-sectional study design was used to assess 648 women about intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with still birth. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select health facilities and systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. Data was entered by using Epi info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and stillbirth while adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of still birth was 3.6%in this study population. There was a statistically significant association between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and still birth. Pregnant women who were exposed to intimate partner violence during pregnancy were three times more likely to have still birth 3.3(95% CI: 1.1-9.7) as compared to those who were not exposed. Another important factor associated with stillbirth was low birthweight 16.7(95% CI,6-46). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of still birth in this study was high. Women who subjected to intimate partner violence during pregnancy had greater risk of having stillbirth baby.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gelawdiyos Gebre
- Mekelle University, College of Health Science, Mek'ele, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret-Ab Mehari
- Mekelle University, College of Health Science, Mek'ele, Ethiopia
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Hailemichael HT, Debelew GT, Alema HB, Weldu MG, Misgina KH. Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Tigrai region, North Ethiopia: Hospital-based case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 31914947 PMCID: PMC6947822 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse birth outcome which attributes to most perinatal deaths is an important indicator of child health and survival. Hence, this study aims to identify determinants of adverse birth outcome among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Tigrai region, North Ethiopia. METHODS Hospital based case-control study was conducted in Tigrai region, Ethiopia between December 2015 and January 2016 among 405 (135 cases and 270 controls) consecutively selected mothers who gave birth in four randomly selected public Hospitals. Mothers with adverse birth outcome (preterm birth; < 37 gestational weeks at birth, low birth weight; < 2.5 kg at birth, or still birth) were the cases while mothers without adverse birth outcome (live birth, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg and of ≥37 gestational weeks at birth) were the controls. Data were collected by interview and reviewing medical records using structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into database using EPI info version 3.5.1 then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Finally, multivariate logistic regression was used to identify determinants of adverse birth outcomes at P value < 0.05. RESULT The mean age of cases and controls was 27.3 (SD = 6.6) and 26.14 (SD = 4.9) years, respectively. In a multivariate analysis; less than four antenatal care visits [AOR = 4.35, 95% CI: 1.15-13.50], not receiving dietary counseling [AOR = 11.24, 95% CI: 3.92-36.60], not using family planning methods [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI:1.35-17.34], less than 24 months inter pregnancy interval [AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.89-13.86], and less than 11 g/dl hemoglobin level [AOR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.83-14.01] were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The number of antenatal care visits, ever use of family planning methods, not receiving dietary counseling during antenatal care follow up visits, short inter-pregnancy interval, and low hemoglobin level were identified as independent determinants of adverse birth outcome. A concerted effort should be taken improve family planning use, and antenatal care follow-up with special emphasis to maternal nutrition to prevent adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Axum, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Haile Misgina
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Axum, Ethiopia
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Robeck TR, Blum JL, Steinman KJ, Ratner JR, Bergfelt DR, O'Brien JK. Longitudinal profiles of relaxin and progestagens during pregnancy, pregnancy loss and false pregnancy in the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:98-108. [PMID: 29913171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The circulating pattern of immunoreactive relaxin and progestagens based on monthly and gestational stage (early, mid, late) profiles were determined during pregnancies that resulted in live calves (LIVE, n = 30), stillbirths (STILLB, n = 3), abortions (ABORT, n = 5) and presumptive false pregnancies (FALSE, n = 8), and during the follicular (n = 34) and luteal phase (n = 58). Monthly LIVE relaxin concentrations steadily increased during gestation, but values did not significantly exceed those of the luteal phase until 9 months prior to parturition, peaking during the final month at 2356 ng/ml. Relaxin surged (P < 0.05) during the final week of gestation (36,397 ng/ml), undergoing a 3 and 9-fold increase compared with concentrations in the preceding two weeks, respectively. Monthly relaxin production did not differ among each reproductive state with the exception of months-13-16 where concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) for STILLB than LIVE. Relaxin concentration was reduced (P < 0.0001) by 849% in placental versus maternal serum collected within 1 day of labor. Mid- and late-pregnancy progestagen concentrations were lower for FALSE (P < 0.001) compared with STILLB and LIVE. Late pregnancy progestagen concentrations were reduced for FALSE (P < 0.05) and ABORT (P < 0.02) compared with LIVE and STILLB. Monthly progestagen production in ABORT tended to be lower than LIVE across a range of gestational months (Months 2, 7, 8, 11) but this difference only became significant during months 14 and 15. Results indicate that relaxin is primarily produced by the CL during pregnancy, and that concentrations could not be used to differentiate from non-pregnant females until the final 6 months of gestation. In addition, as would be expected from a primarily CL product, relaxin cannot be used to detect abnormal pregnancies. Conversely, progestagens, which are produced by both the placenta and CL can be used to differentiate FALSE from normal pregnancy and may be useful indicators of fetal health in the killer whale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States.
| | - Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Karen J Steinman
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States
| | - Jill R Ratner
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Don R Bergfelt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Justine K O'Brien
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States
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Adejumo AO, Suleiman EA, Okagbue HI, Oguntunde PE, Odetunmibi OA. Quantitative evaluation of pregnant women delivery status' records in Akure, Nigeria. Data Brief 2018; 16:127-134. [PMID: 29201979 PMCID: PMC5699871 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this data article, monthly records (datasets) of total delivery, normal delivery, delivery through Caesarean section and number of still births from pregnant women in Akure, the capital city of Ondo state Nigeria, for a period of ten years, between January 2007 and December 2016 were considered. Correlational and time series analyses were conducted on the monthly records of total delivery, normal delivery (delivery through woman virginal), delivery through Caesarean section, and number of still births, in order to observe the patterns each of these indicators follows and to recommend appropriate model for forecasting their future values. The data were obtained in raw form from State Specialist Hospital (SSH), Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. A clear description and variation in each of these indicators (total delivery, normal delivery, caesarean section, and still births) were considered separately using descriptive statistics and box plots. Different models were also proposed for each of these indicators using time series models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O. Adejumo
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Welegebriel TK, Dadi TL, Mihrete KM. Determinants of stillbirth in Bonga General and Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospitals southwestern Ethiopia, 2016: a case-control study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:713. [PMID: 29301566 PMCID: PMC6389129 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify determinants of still birth in selected hospitals of Southwestern Ethiopia. Result A total 540 charts registered for maternal health services utilization were included in the analysis with proportion of case to control ratio of one to three (135 cases, 405 control). Women who attended antenatal care were 40% less risk for stillbirth compared to those who did not attend antenatal care (AOR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.39, 0.94). Those who had labor length ≥ 24 h were 2.4 times at risk to have still birth than ≤ 24 h (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.4, 4.26). Women who developed uterine rupture were about 5 times more likely to have still birth than did not develop the complication (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.67, 14.35). Women who have different antenatal risks were 4.5 times more likely to have still birth (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.45, 14.48). Weight of baby ≥ 2.5 kg were 73% less likely to still birth when compared to counterparts (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.14, 0.53).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tegene Legese Dadi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Kebadnew Mulatu Mihrete
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Tolefac PN, Tamambang RF, Yeika E, Mbwagbaw LT, Egbe TO. Ten years analysis of stillbirth in a tertiary hospital in sub-Sahara Africa: a case control study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:447. [PMID: 28877712 PMCID: PMC5585898 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stillbirth measures provide means to assess adequacy of maternal and perinatal care in a given population. The aim of this study was to describe the determinants of stillbirth in Douala general hospital, Cameroon. Results Determinants of stillbirth in this hospital are: maternal age ≥35 years (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.26–2.54, p = 0.001), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (OR 2.97, 95% CI 0.87–8.89, p value of 0.03), diabetes in pregnancy (OR 9.97, 95% CI 1.15–86.86, p = 0.03), stillbirth in previous pregnancies (OR 3.94, CI 2.02–7.7, p < 0.0001), inter-pregnancy interval >2 years (OR 2, 06 CI 1.22–3.49; p = 0,006), referral from another hospital (OR 14.16, 95% CI 7.08–28.3, p < 0.0001), gestational age <37 (OR 19.9, 95% CI 12.3–32.2, p < 0.0001) and >42 (OR 6.27, 95% CI = 0.86–45.2, p = 0.096), congenital malformation (OR 11.09, 95% CI 3.2–38,5, p < 0.0001) and birth weight <2500 g (p < 0.0001). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2787-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nkemtendong Tolefac
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon. .,Intern Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Rita Frinue Tamambang
- Intern Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugene Yeika
- Saint Elizabeth General Hospital Shishong Kumbo, Kumbo, Cameroon
| | | | - Thomas Obinchemti Egbe
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Getiye Y, Fantahun M. Factors associated with perinatal mortality among public health deliveries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, an unmatched case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:245. [PMID: 28747161 PMCID: PMC5530490 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND perinatal mortality is the sum of still birth (fetal death) and early neonatal death (ENND) i.e. death of live newborn before the age of 7 completed days. Perinatal mortality accounts three fourth of the deaths of the neonatal period and is one of the major challenges for under-five mortality. Therefore this study was conducted to better understand the common and avoidable factors that affect perinatal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS An unmatched case control study design using secondary data as a source of information was conducted. Cases were still births or early neonatal deaths and controls were live births and neonates who were discharged alive from the hospital and did not die before the age of 7 days. The study period was from 1st January up to 30th February 2015. Epi-Info version 7.0 and SPSS Version 21 were used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, proportions and diagrams were used to check the distribution of outcome variable and describe the study population. Logistic regression model was used to identify the important factors that are associated with perinatal mortality. RESULTS A total of 1113(376 cases and 737 controls) maternal charts were reviewed. The mean age of the mothers for cases and controls were 26.47 ± 4.87 and 26.95 ± 4.68 respectively. Five hundred ninety seven (53.6%) mothers delivered for the first time. Factors that are significantly associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality were birth interval less than 2 years, preterm delivery, anemia, congenital anomaly, previous history of early neonatal death and low birth weight. Use of partograph was also associated with decreased risk of perinatal mortality. CONCLUSION From factors that are associated with perinatal mortality, some of them can be prevented with early investigation of pregnant mothers on their antenatal care follow. Appropriate labor follow-up and monitoring with regular use of partograph, immediate newborn care and interventions to delay birth interval also minimize perinatal mortality.
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Schmitz-Feuerhake I, Busby C, Pflugbeil S. Genetic radiation risks: a neglected topic in the low dose debate. Environ Health Toxicol 2016; 31:e2016001. [PMID: 26791091 PMCID: PMC4870760 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy and scientific validity of the current very low risk factor for hereditary diseases in humans following exposures to ionizing radiation adopted by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The value is based on experiments on mice due to reportedly absent effects in the Japanese atomic bomb (Abomb) survivors. METHODS To review the published evidence for heritable effects after ionising radiation exposures particularly, but not restricted to, populations exposed to contamination from the Chernobyl accident and from atmospheric nuclear test fallout. To make a compilation of findings about early deaths, congenital malformations, Down's syndrome, cancer and other genetic effects observed in humans after the exposure of the parents. To also examine more closely the evidence from the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology and discuss its scientific validity. RESULTS Nearly all types of hereditary defects were found at doses as low as one to 10 mSv. We discuss the clash between the current risk model and these observations on the basis of biological mechanism and assumptions about linear relationships between dose and effect in neonatal and foetal epidemiology. The evidence supports a dose response relationship which is non-linear and is either biphasic or supralinear (hogs-back) and largely either saturates or falls above 10 mSv. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the current risk model for heritable effects of radiation is unsafe. The dose response relationship is non-linear with the greatest effects at the lowest doses. Using Chernobyl data we derive an excess relative risk for all malformations of 1.0 per 10 mSv cumulative dose. The safety of the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology is argued to be both scientifically and philosophically questionable owing to errors in the choice of control groups, omission of internal exposure effects and assumptions about linear dose response.
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