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Adejumo EN, Adejumo AO, Nwobi NL, Okafor CJ, Enitan SS, Lokpo SY. Association between Physical Inactivity and Metabolic Syndrome in South-West Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:935-941. [PMID: 36126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with metabolic syndrome in a rural community and an urban community in South-west Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study among healthy volunteers 18 years and above was conducted in urban (Ikeja) and rural (Ilara-Akaka) communities in Lagos and Ogun State, respectively, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Selfreported physical activity [measured in metabolic equivalent (MET)] was assessed using the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the definition recommended by the Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force. Regression analysis of factors associated with physical inactivity was done using IBM Statistics version 26. RESULTS A total of 437 participants were recruited with a median age of 45 years (IQR 38,56). The prevalence of physical inactivity was 24.9%. There was a significant negative correlation between metabolic syndrome components and total MET except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Being a female (AOR 1.9 95% CI 1.0 - 3.5, p=0.040), living in an urban community (AOR 1.81 95% CI 1.1 - 2.9, p=0.014), and having metabolic syndrome (AOR 3.98 95% CI 2.2 - 6.7, p <0.001) were associated with physical inactivity. Having raised fasting plasma glucose, elevated blood pressure, increased waist circumference, and reduced HDL cholesterol were associated with physical inactivity. CONCLUSION There was an association between metabolic syndrome and its components with physical inactivity. In order to mitigate the effects of metabolic syndrome, public health actions that will promote physical activity, especially in urban communities, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - N L Nwobi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr) College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun
| | - C J Okafor
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - S S Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - S Y Lokpo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Adejumo AO, Ogunniyan TB, Oladokun OD, Oluwadun OB, Adesola S, Mutiu WB, Abdus-Salam IA, Saka BA, Adetola AV, Ogunsanya AO, Okediran J, Mba S, Oyadotun OM. Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients managed at the Lagos State Isolation Centres during the First Wave of the Pandemic. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:269-274. [PMID: 35366672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagos State has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria. We assessed the factors predicting the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients admitted in 15 isolation centres across the state. METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical records of all COVID-19 patients admitted and discharged between February 27, 2020, and September 30, 2020. Logistic and linear regressions were used to assess factors predicting the length of hospital stay. RESULTS A total of 3153 records were reviewed, of which 2623 (83.2%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of patients admitted was 40.5 (Sd 14.8) years. The age range was four days-97 years. A total of 1258 (48.0%) were symptomatic, while 2056 (78.4%) and 567 (21.6%) presented with mild and severe disease, respectively. Cough (22.0%), fever (17.3%) and breathlessness (12.3%) were the most common symptoms at presentation. Generally, the median length of hospital stay was 11 (IQR 9, 14) days. A total of 1609 (61.3%) had a prolonged length of hospital stay. The odds for prolonged hospital stay was higher among elderly patients (AOR 12.1 95%CI 7.6-19.4, p<0.001), male (AOR 1.2 95%CI 1.0-1.4, p=0.031) and patients with severe disease (AOR 1.3 95% CI 1.0-1.7, p=0.042). Age, hypertension and shortness of breath made the most significant contribution to predicting the length of hospital stay (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Age, gender, hypertension and breathlessness predicted the length of hospital stay. Proactive measures should be instituted in managing COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adejumo
- Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - O D Oladokun
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O B Oluwadun
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - S Adesola
- Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - W B Mutiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Lagos State College of Medicine / Lagos State Biobank. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I A Abdus-Salam
- Department of Epidemiology, Biosecurity & Global Health, Lagos State Ministry of Health
| | - B A Saka
- Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium
| | - A V Adetola
- Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - J Okediran
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme
| | - S Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme
| | - O M Oyadotun
- Directorate of Medical Services, Lagos State Health Service Commission, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Okagbue HI, Oguntunde PE, Adamu PI, Adejumo AO. Unique clusters of patterns of breast cancer survivorship. Health Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sule-Odu AO, Akiseku AK, Jaiyesimi EO, Adejumo AO, Odelola IO. Ante-Natal Care Utilization and Comparison of Obstetric Performance of Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary and Secondary/Primary Health Facilities in South West Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:335-341. [PMID: 32835393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful outcome of any pregnancy depends on a well formulated and implemented ANC, which to a larger extent also depends on its functional and operational continuum of care, that is affordable, accessible and of high quality during and after pregnancy and childbirth. Defective ANC, in terms of coverage and quality, has been shown to be associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcome. OBJECTIVE To determine the maternal and perinatal outcome(Obstetric performance) of booked and referred pregnant women who though, booked for ANC in lower health care facilities but were delivered at our facility. METHODS The is a retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria from the 1st of January 2017 to 31st of December 2018. RESULTS The booked were significantly older than the unbooked (29.4±5.0 vs 28.5±5.5; P=0.001), while 47.6% and 35.3 % were nulliparous in the study and control groups respectively. Majority of the booked (69.3%) and the unbooked (59.3%) were aged 25-34 years. The mean Apgar scores at one minute were 7.0±2.0 and 4.7±3.1(P<0.001) for the booked and unbooked respectively while at five minutes they were 8.6±1.9 and 6.4±3.6 (P<0.001) for the booked and unbooked respectively and the differences were statistically significant at one and five minutes. The proportion of maternal deaths were higher among the unbooked than the booked (2.6% vs 0.4%; P<0.001), maternal morbidity ( 8.1% vs 2.5%; P<0.001) and fetal deaths (40.6% vs 6.3%; P<0.001) CONCLUSION: In all the indices and parameters compared between the two groups the unbooked patients (control) performed poorly and this is surprising despite the huge resources extended to secondary and primary health care delivery services in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Sule-Odu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A K Akiseku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital,Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - E O Jaiyesimi
- Department of Community Medicine,Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital,Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Adejumo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care,Lagos state University Teaching Hospital,Ikeja,Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - I O Odelola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital,Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Odetunmibi OA, Adejumo AO, Anake TA. Log-Linear Modelling of Effect of Age and Gender on the Spread of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Lagos State, Nigeria. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2204-2207. [PMID: 31456852 PMCID: PMC6698125 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of age and gender on the transmission of any infectious disease can be of great important because the age at which the host contact the disease may be a determinant on the rate at which the disease will spread. AIM: The purpose of this research is to model the significant effect of age and gender on the spread of hepatitis B virus using data collected from Lagos State, Nigeria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data that was used for this research is a ten years data covering the period of 2006 to 2015, which was collected from Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR). A log-linear modelling approach was employed using R programming language software. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method of model selection was used in selecting the best model. RESULTS: It was discovered from the analysis that both factors (age and gender) have a significant effect on the spread of hepatitis B infection. This means that the age at which an individual is tested positive to hepatitis B virus will affect the spread of the disease. In choosing the best model among the four models that were developed, model AY: GY (age & year: gender and year) was found to be the best model. CONCLUSION: Age and gender were found to act as a risk influencer that could have a great effect on the transmission of hepatitis B virus infections in Lagos state, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole A Odetunmibi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale O Adejumo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy A Anake
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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Sule-Odu AO, Jaiyesimi OE, Adejumo AO, Akiseku AK, Odelola OI. Pregnancy outcome among parturients living in and outside Sagamu: A cement factory town. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/tjog.tjog_80_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Adejumo AO, Suleiman EA, Okagbue HI, Oguntunde PE, Odetunmibi OA. Quantitative evaluation of pregnant women delivery status' records in Akure, Nigeria. Data Brief 2018; 16:127-134. [PMID: 29201979 PMCID: PMC5699871 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this data article, monthly records (datasets) of total delivery, normal delivery, delivery through Caesarean section and number of still births from pregnant women in Akure, the capital city of Ondo state Nigeria, for a period of ten years, between January 2007 and December 2016 were considered. Correlational and time series analyses were conducted on the monthly records of total delivery, normal delivery (delivery through woman virginal), delivery through Caesarean section, and number of still births, in order to observe the patterns each of these indicators follows and to recommend appropriate model for forecasting their future values. The data were obtained in raw form from State Specialist Hospital (SSH), Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. A clear description and variation in each of these indicators (total delivery, normal delivery, caesarean section, and still births) were considered separately using descriptive statistics and box plots. Different models were also proposed for each of these indicators using time series models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O. Adejumo
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Oguntunde PE, Adejumo OA, Odetunmibi OA, Okagbue HI, Adejumo AO. Data analysis on physical and mechanical properties of cassava pellets. Data Brief 2017; 16:286-302. [PMID: 29204474 PMCID: PMC5709313 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this data article, laboratory experimental investigation results carried out at National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) on moisture content, machine speed, die diameter of the rig, and the outputs (hardness, durability, bulk density, and unit density of the pellets) at different levels of cassava pellets were observed. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design with factorial was used to perform analysis for each of the outputs: hardness, durability, bulk density, and unit density of the pellets. A clear description on each of these outputs was considered separately using tables and figures. It was observed that for all the output with the exception of unit density, their main factor effects as well as two and three ways interactions is significant at 5% level. This means that the hardness, bulk density and durability of cassava pellets respectively depend on the moisture content of the cassava dough, the machine speed, the die diameter of the extrusion rig and the combinations of these factors in pairs as well as the three altogether. Higher machine speeds produced more quality pellets at lower die diameters while lower machine speed is recommended for higher die diameter. Also the unit density depends on die diameter and the three-way interaction only. Unit density of cassava pellets is neither affected by machine parameters nor moisture content of the cassava dough. Moisture content of cassava dough, speed of the machine and die diameter of the extrusion rig are significant factors to be considered in pelletizing cassava to produce pellets. Increase in moisture content of cassava dough increase the quality of cassava pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluyemisi A Adejumo
- AIDE Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adebowale O Adejumo
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.,Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Odetunmibi OA, Adejumo OA, Oguntunde PE, Okagbue HI, Adejumo AO, Suleiman EA. Drying kinetic of industrial cassava flour: Experimental data in view. Data Brief 2017; 15:501-510. [PMID: 29085870 PMCID: PMC5650651 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this data article, laboratory experimental investigation results on drying kinetic properties: the drying temperature (T), drying air velocity (V) and dewatering time (Te), each of the factors has five levels, and the experiment was replicated three times and the output: drying rate and drying time obtained, were observed. The experiment was conducted at National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) for a period of eight months, in 2014. Analysis of variance was carried out using randomized complete block design with factorial experiment on each of the outputs: drying rate and drying times of the industrial cassava flour. A clear picture on each of these outputs was provided separately using tables and figures. It was observed that all the main factors as well as two and three ways interactions are significant at 5% level for both drying time and rate. This also implies that the rate of drying grated unfermented cassava mash, to produce industrial cassava flour, depend on the dewatering time (the initial moisture content), temperature of drying, velocity of drying air as well as the combinations of these factors altogether. It was also discovered that all the levels of each of these factors are significantly difference from one another. In summary, the time of drying is a function of the dewatering time which was responsible for the initial moisture content. The higher the initial moisture content the longer the time of drying, and the lower the initial moisture content, the lower the time of drying. Also, the higher the temperature of drying the shorter the time of drying and vice versa. Also, the air velocity effect on the drying process was significant. As velocity increases, rate of drying also increases and vice versa. Finally, it can be deduced that the drying kinetics are influenced by these processing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluyemisi A Adejumo
- AIDE Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adebowale O Adejumo
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.,Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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10
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Oguntunde PE, Adejumo AO, Okagbue HI. Breast cancer patients in Nigeria: Data exploration approach. Data Brief 2017; 15:47-57. [PMID: 28971122 PMCID: PMC5612794 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops from breast tissue; it is mostly common in women and it is one of the most studied diseases, largely because of its high mortality (second to lung cancer). However, it occurs in males also. This article presents a statistical study of the distribution of age, gender, length of stay, mode of diagnosis, status (dead or alive) after treatment and the location of breast cancer among 300 patients admitted in the University of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The study covers a period of five (5) years; from 2011 to 2016 and logistic regression was used to perform the basic analysis in this study. It was discovered that the age of patients and the location of the breast cancer (right or left) contributes significantly to the survival of the patients. However, early detection and treatment of the disease is highly encouraged. This study also recommends that awareness should be taken to the grassroots and males should not be excluded from this discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelumi E Oguntunde
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale O Adejumo
- Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Hilary I Okagbue
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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11
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Adejumo AO, Ikoba NA, Suleiman EA, Okagbue HI, Oguntunde PE, Odetunmibi OA, Job O. Quantitative exploration of factors influencing psychotic disorder ailments in Nigeria. Data Brief 2017; 14:175-185. [PMID: 28795095 PMCID: PMC5537424 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this data article, records on demographic data, family problem issues, as well as results of medical tests from five major classes of psychotic disorder namely: bipolar; vascular dementia, minimal brain dysfunction; insomnia; and schizophrenia, were collected on 500 psychotic patients carefully selected from the pool of medical records of Yaba Psychiatric Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, for the period of 5 years, between January 2010 and December 2014, were examined. X-squared Statistic was used to examine each of psychotic disorders to identify demographic (age, gender, religion, marital status, and occupation) and family issues (loss of parent, history of such ailment in the family (family status), divorce, head injury, and heredity of such ailment (genetic) factors that influence them. A clear description on each of these psychotic disorders (bipolar; vascular dementia, minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), insomnia and Schizophrenia) was considered separately using tables and bar diagrams. Data analysis results are as follows: firstly, 40.2%, of the 500 psychotic patients tested positive to bipolar, 40.6% to insomnia, 75.0% to schizophrenia, 43.6% to MBD and 69.2% to vascular dementia. Secondly, female patients were more prone to all the psychotic indicators than their male counterpart except in MBD. Thirdly, the oldest age group (> 60 years) is more prone to bipolar and insomnia ailments, while the mid age group (30 - 60 years) is prone to schizophrenia and vascular dementia, and the youngest group (< 30 years) is prone to MBD. Lastly, the factors that influence the ailments are listed: bipolar (age, occupation, marital status, divorce, and spiritual consultation); insomnia (age, occupation, marital status, divorce, and spiritual consultation); schizophrenia (age, occupation, religion, marital status, hereditary, and divorce); MBD (gender, age, occupation, and marital status); and vascular dementia (history of the ailment and spiritual consultation). Bipolar and insomnia are influenced by the same set of factors, which implies that any patient having one is most likely to be at risk of having the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Adejumo
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.,Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Obalowu Job
- Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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12
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Adejumo AO, Azuogu B, Okorie O, Lawal OM, Onazi OJ, Gidado M, Daniel OJ, Okeibunor JC, Klinkenberg E, Mitchell EMH. Community referral for presumptive TB in Nigeria: a comparison of four models of active case finding. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:177. [PMID: 26905034 PMCID: PMC4763441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engagement of communities and civil society organizations is a critical part of the Post-2015 End TB Strategy. Since 2007, many models of community referral have been implemented to boost TB case detection in Nigeria. Yet clear insights into the comparative TB yield from particular approaches have been limited. Methods We compared four models of active case finding in three Nigerian states. Data on presumptive TB case referral by community workers (CWs), TB diagnoses among referred clients, active case finding model characteristics, and CWs compensation details for 2012 were obtained from implementers and CWs via interviews and log book review. Self-reported performance data were triangulated against routine surveillance data to assess concordance. Analysis focused on assessing the predictors of presumptive TB referral. Results CWs referred 4–22 % of presumptive TB clients tested, and 4–24 % of the total TB cases detected. The annual median referral per CW ranged widely among the models from 1 to 48 clients, with an overall average of 13.4 referrals per CW. The highest median referrals (48 per CW/yr) and mean TB diagnoses (7.1/yr) per CW (H =70.850, p < 0.001) was obtained by the model with training supervision, and $80/quarterly payments (Comprehensive Quotas-Oriented model). The model with irregularly supervised, trained, and compensated CWs contributed the least to TB case detection with a median of 13 referrals per CW/yr and mean of 0.53 TB diagnoses per CW/yr. Hours spent weekly on presumptive TB referral made the strongest unique contribution (Beta = 0.514, p < 0.001) to explaining presumptive TB referral after controlling for other variables. Conclusion All community based TB case-finding projects studied referred a relative low number of symptomatic individuals. The study shows that incentivized referral, appropriate selection of CWs, supportive supervision, leveraged treatment support roles, and a responsive TB program to receive clients for testing were the key drivers of community TB case finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adejumo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - B Azuogu
- Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - O Okorie
- Abia State TB and Leprosy Control Programme, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - O M Lawal
- Oyo State TB and Leprosy Control programme, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | | | - O J Daniel
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - J C Okeibunor
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - E Klinkenberg
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, the Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M H Mitchell
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, the Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Owoloko EA, Oguntunde PE, Adejumo AO. Performance rating of the transmuted exponential distribution: an analytical approach. Springerplus 2016; 4:818. [PMID: 26722638 PMCID: PMC4690830 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the so called Transmuted Exponential (TE) distribution was applied to two real life datasets to assess its potential flexibility over some other generalized models. Various statistical properties of the TE distribution were also identified while the method of maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate the model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enahoro A Owoloko
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
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Gidado M, Obasanya JO, Onazi J, Eneogu R, Chukwueme N, Joseph K, Useni S, Adejumo AO. TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL IN SECURITY CHALLENGED STATES OF NORTH-EAST NIGERIA. ARE THERE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT? Niger J Med 2015; 24:155-161. [PMID: 26353427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria in the past few years is faced with various security challenges in different parts of the country. The most severe in the last three years has been the crisis in northern Nigeria and specifically the north-eastern States, where three of the States have been under emergency rule for a year. Health care delivery system is usually one of the major casualties in a security challenged environment leading to unavailability or low utilization of services.The aim of this paper is to share the experience of TB services in states under emergency rule. METHODOLOGY A retrospective review of program data (reportable indicators for TB case finding,TB/HIV and treatment outcome for periods of eight years (2006-2013) comparing national data with north-east and the three states most affected by security challenges (Borno, Adamawa & Yobe). RESULTS A national positive trend on case notification for all forms of TB and smear positive, with a declined in 2011 but generally the case notification has remain low (59/100,000 in 2013 compared to estimated prevalence of 338/100,000). North east data is a negative trend for case notification and this is worse for 2 states (Borno and Yobe) while Adamawa shows and increase CNR from 2012 because of TB Reach active case, finding. Treatment success rate has a positive trend both national, north east states and in the 3 challenged states (TSR above 84%). TB/HIV indicators for north east are 81%, 75%, and 58% for HCT CPT and ART respectively, these figures has serious fluctuations within and among the three security challenged states with Borno most affected. CONCLUSIONS Insecurity can pose a challenge for TB control activities especially case finding, therefore the need for innovative approaches for case finding in areas of insecurity. Chronic infectious diseases like TB and HIV should be incorporated into emergency responses offered by organisations and agencies for internally displaced persons.
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Gidado M, Obasanya JO, Onazi J, Eneogu R, Chukwueme N, Joseph K, Useni S, Adejumo AO. Tuberculosis control in security challenged states of North-East Nigeria. Are there significant impact? Niger J Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1115-2613.278303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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Adewole OA, Fadeyibi IO, Kayode MO, Giwa SO, Shoga MO, Adejumo AO, Ademiluyi SA. Ambulance services of lagos state, Nigeria: a six-year (2001-2006) audit. West Afr J Med 2012; 31:3-7. [PMID: 23115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency medical care is designed to overcome the factors most commonly implicated in preventable mortality, such as delays in seeking care, access to health facility, and the provision of adequate care at the facility. The developed world has recognized the importance of organized emergency medical services and has well established systems. The Lagos State Government established the first emergency medical system in Nigeria in 2001. OBJECTIVE This was to review the activities of the Lagos State Emergency Ambulance Services (LASAMBUS) within the stated period with the hope that our findings can be used to audit the system and make recommendations for further improvement. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of the State Ministry of Health for the data on the activities of LASAMBUS from 2001-2006. The number and types of emergencies that were seen and managed with the associated morbidity and mortality were reviewed. The constraints that were encountered by the LASAMBUS staff were also studied. The data that was obtained was entered into a proforma designed for the study. Analysis of the data was done using the Microsoft Excel software. RESULTS A total of 32,774 cases comprising 21,977(67.1%) males,10,797(32.9%) females and a male to female (M:F) ratio of 2.04:1, were seen during the study period. Trauma was responsible for 29,500 (90%) of the cases. No mortality was recorded during the transfer of the cases. The records of mortality for the LASAMBUS-transferred cases were not available. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS Trauma cases formed the majority of the cases that were seen with road traffic accident constituting a large proportion of these. Health education focusing on improving driving etiquette of Drivers and injury prevention should intensified. More equipped emergency centres should be established to reduce victims transit and injuryintervention time. Record keeping and documentations should be improved for better assessment of the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Adewole
- Department of Surgery, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos
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Adejumo AO. Perceived HIV stigmatization, HIV/AIDS cognition and personality as correlates of HIV self-disclosure among people living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/gab.v9i2.72113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Adejumo AO, Adejumo PO. Clinical ethics in African countries and emerging nurse's role in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2009; 38:311-318. [PMID: 20499623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Emerging trends in nursing have broadened the traditional scope of nursing practice with growing demands for ethical considerations in clinical judgments. Nurses are experiencing more ethical dilemmas in areas such as end of life issues, organ donation and transplantation, and truth telling among others. It is expected that these challenges will continue to increase and even become more complex. Despite this, the academic and professional preparation of nurses in Africa to cope with these issues is doubtful. The myriad of peculiar socioeconomic and political problems in many African societies present potential threat to the adoption of ethical standards in health care practice. Many health care workers including nurses attach little importance to consumer rights in making informed decisions in issues related to clinical care and research participation. The alleged participation of nurses in the inhuman treatment of the children recruited during the Pfizer's clinical trial of Trovan for cerebrospinal meningitis in northern Nigeria exemplifies this. Such conducts could reduce patients' worth as persons, and at the same time an indictment of nurses' moral sanctity. This paper reviews the current ethical challenges facing professional nurses in Nigeria. The concept and critical relevance of clinical ethics in giving adequate information to patients, relatives and other health workers upon which ethically sound informed decision making is done in clinical situations were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adejumo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria
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Adejumo AO, Adejumo PO. Theatre personnel's perception of operating room resource allocation. Afr J Med Med Sci 2009; 38:163-171. [PMID: 20175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Operating rooms (OR) in hospitals represent big investments and must be utilized efficiently. Inaccurate scheduling of OR resources often results in delays of surgery or cancellations of procedures. These are costly to the patient, surgical team and hospital. Existing literatures in the OR management lack consensus on the method of evaluating management decisions from the perspectives of personnel or those affected by management decision-making processes. Eight key informant interviews were conducted. Also, 50 Operating Theatre Personnel (OTP), i.e., Surgeons, OR Nurses, Anaesthetists, and Executive Officers in the Nigeria's premier University Teaching Hospital were asked to complete a survey questionnaire concerning operating theatre resource allocation in the hospital. Five close-ended and 10 open-ended questions were used. (For example, how are the decisions to allocate OR resources in this hospital made?) Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were done. The theoretical framework, accountability for reasonableness was applied. Forty-eight percent of the participants were ignorant of the framework guiding OR resource allocation. 54% of the respondents admitted the current mechanism for publicizing management decisions on OR resource allocation is ineffective. Another 50% of the respondents knew little about the mode of appealing against unfavourable allocation decisions. Participants' open ended responses revealed that hospital executives and a few consultant surgeons control the allocation of OR resources, with little recourse to OR personnel's concerns. If operating theatre stake holders are excluded in the planning, allocation and evaluation of OR resources, the efficiency required in surgical services would never be realized irrespective of the dexterity of the surgical team.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adejumo
- Department of Psychology, the Centre for West African Bioethics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Adejumo AO. Approaches in handling ethical challenges of cancer treatment and research in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2009; 38 Suppl 2:15-20. [PMID: 20229734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cancer can devastate the physical, emotional, and socio-economic life of an individual. Caring for most cancer patients presents serious ethical challenges to physicians and other health workers. Inclusion of cancer patients in research could be no less challenging. These ethical problems become significantly magnified in the context of patients who have cancer in a low resource environment characterized by high illiteracy rate, poverty and poor health care infrastructure. Some of the ethical problems include: palliative care and end of life issues, particularly since most patients present in advanced stages, withholding or withdrawal of life support, global equity and justice in drug availability, drug pricing, cancer research and breaking bad news. Adherence to ethical guidelines in conducting cancer research would go a long way in reducing harms and unethical conducts. Similarly, the relevance of clinical and research ethics committees in resolving complex ethical issues in clinical practice has been suggested. However, where these are in place, the need for recourse to philosophical approach, especially virtue ethics in analyzing and resolving ethical concerns in clinical practice cannot be overemphasized. This paper highlights the burden of cancer in Nigeria and the ethical challenges of clinical management of cancer patients, using a case study. The role of clinical ethics and health research ethics committees as well as the justification for virtue ethics above principlism in handling ethical issues in cancer management and research in Nigeria were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adejumo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Olatunji OO, Adejumo PO, Adejumo AO. Constraints in nurses' use of HIV protective barriers in the care of PLWHA in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. World Hosp Health Serv 2009; 45:27-30. [PMID: 19761017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This survey examines the constraints limiting nurses' use of protective barriers in the care of people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria. 270 females and 5 male nurses working in UCH were purposively selected. A self-developed questionnaire was used during data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square. Results about nurses' use of protective devices (eg gloves) showed that 206 (94.2%) use PB always, 15 (5.5%) frequently use PB and 1 (0.4%) occasionally use PB. Chi-square test shows significant differences between constraints in the use of PB in the care of PLWHA and adherence to HIV/AIDS universal precautions (chi2 = 15.22, 1df, P < 0.05). It was concluded that nurses in the selected setting were faced with constraints in the use of PB and as such were inadequately protected from blood-borne diseases especially when caring for PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Olatunji
- Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Osinowo HO, Olley BO, Adejumo AO. Evaluation of the effect of cognitive therapy on perioperative anxiety and depression among Nigerian surgical patients. West Afr J Med 2004; 22:338-42. [PMID: 15008301 DOI: 10.4314/wajm.v22i4.28060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Surgical paients have been known to benefit immensely from psychological interventions. This study set out to assess the pre and postoperative anxiety levels and depression and the effect of cognitive therapy among Nigerian surgical patients. The effects of gender and educational status on perioperative anxiety and depression were also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN The study utilized a controlled outcome design to evaluate the efficacy of self-instructional training (SIT) and rational emotive therapy (RET) in surgical patients. Preoperative anxiety and depression scores were used as co-variants. PATIENTS Thirty-three (33) elective surgical patients were sampled randomly, divided into 3 groups of eleven (11) patients each. Eight (8) subjects underwent gynaecological procedures while the remaining 25 subjects had general surgical procedures. The mean age was 32.72 +/- 15.83 years (range = 17-16 years.) MEASUREMENTS The major instruments used in the study were the State Anxiety Subscale of the Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory. MAIN RESULTS SIT had the potential to reduce anxiety level among subjects postoperatively (t = 2.06; df = 10; p < 0.05). The use of RET reduced depression among surgical patients (t = 1.23; df = 10; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that surgical patients manifest varying degrees of anxiety preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient's pre and postoperative anxiety and depression can be reduced by the introduction of SIT and RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Osinowo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract
As part of a wider study aimed at establishing baseline data on standard of diabetic care to compare with subsequent reassessment after measures to improve outcomes have been introduced, the case notes of 118 Nigerians (42 males) with diabetes attending a teaching hospital-based diabetic clinic were reviewed to assess the quality of professional care in a year with reference to an international standard of diabetic care. Patient attendance at the clinic averaged about nine times annually and majority of them had been attending the facility for about 6 years. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was tested four or more times in 92.4% of the patients. The corresponding figures for footcare were 1.7%; referrals for eye, dental, or cardiac examination were 12.7%, while lipid profile, serum creatinine, and urinary protein estimation were documented in 16.9% of the patients. In contrast, high-risk assessment or part of it was documented in all patients, and in 61.9%, high-risk intervention was recorded. The data suggest that the quality of diabetic care was less than optimal, and foot examination and referrals, etc. are specific areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Okoro
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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