1
|
Masroor S, Aalam MT, Khan O, Tanuj GN, Gandham RK, Dhara SK, Gupta PK, Mishra BP, Dutt T, Singh G, Sajjanar BK. Effect of acute heat shock on stress gene expression and DNA methylation in zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) dairy cattle. Int J Biometeorol 2022; 66:1797-1809. [PMID: 35796826 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature is one of the major factors to affect health and productivity of dairy cattle. Gene expression networks within the cells and tissues coordinate stress response, metabolism, and milk production in dairy cattle. Epigenetic DNA methylations were found to mediate the effect of environment by regulating gene expression patterns. In the present study, we compared three Indian native zebu cattle, Bos indicus (Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and Hariana) and one crossbred Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Vrindavani) for stress gene expression and differences in the DNA methylation patterns. The results indicated acute heat shock to cultured PBMC affected their proliferation, stress gene expression, and DNA methylation. Interestingly, expressions of HSP70, HSP90, and STIP1 were found more pronounced in zebu cattle than the crossbred cattle. However, no significant changes were observed in global DNA methylation due to acute heat shock, even though variations were observed in the expression patterns of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a) and demethylases (TET1, TET2, and TET3) genes. The treatment 5-AzaC (5-azacitidine) that inhibit DNA methylation in proliferating PBMC caused significant increase in heat shock-induced HSP70 and STIP1 expression indicating that hypomethylation facilitated stress gene expression. Further targeted analysis DNA methylation in the promoter regions revealed no significant differences for HSP70, HSP90, and STIP1. However, there was a significant hypomethylation for BDNF in both zebu and crossbred cattle. Similarly, NR3C1 promoter region showed hypomethylation alone in crossbred cattle. Overall, the results indicated that tropically adapted zebu cattle had comparatively higher expression of stress genes than the crossbred cattle. Furthermore, DNA methylation may play a role in regulating expression of certain genes involved in stress response pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Masroor
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Tanzeel Aalam
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Khan
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunturu Narasimha Tanuj
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujoy K Dhara
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen K Gupta
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Haryana, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gynendra Singh
- Physiology and Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basavaraj K Sajjanar
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naeem M, Iqbal M, Ul-Allah S, Chaudhary HJ, Nazeer W, Ashraf J, Baloch FS. Expression studies of stress responsive genes in cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7077-7085. [PMID: 34535835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is the world's richest source of natural fiber. Meanwhile cotton plant is top ranked stress sensitive plant thereby affecting its yield and fiber quality. But, in climate change scenario, fiber yield and quality are being affected due to environmental stresses, especially heat, drought and salinity. Present study is aimed to identify cotton genotype harboring prominently expressed stress responsive genes. METHODS Four cotton genotypes (IUB-13, IUB-222, IUB-09 and MM-58) were evaluated under drought and salinity stress for yield traits and expression of different stress responsive genes (GhWRKY3, GhDREB2 and GhRDR6). RESULTS Pronounced expression of GhWRKY3, GhDREB2and GhRDR6 was observed in cotton variety IUB-13 in stress condition (drought and salinity) as compared to control followed by IUB-222 which revealed that these genotypes might possess substantial potential to cope with environmental hazards encountered in growing season CONCLUSION: Utilization of cotton genotypes i.e., IUB-13 and IUB-222 in cotton breeding program can be very much fruitful for developing cotton genotypes adoptable to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajad Nazeer
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Ashraf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Shahzad Baloch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Centurion VB, Lacerda-Júnior GV, Duarte AWF, Silva TR, Silva LJ, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM. Dynamics of microbial stress responses driven by abiotic changes along a temporal gradient in Deception Island, Maritime Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2021; 758:143671. [PMID: 33248775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whalers Bay (WB), Deception Island, is an environment that can drastically change its temperature within a few meters. The main forms of life inhabiting this environment are microorganisms, which, due to the high diversity and their adaptive potential, can survive and thrive under harsh stress conditions. However, the genetic potential and mechanisms to cope with fluctuating adverse conditions as well as what extent environmental variations shape the microbial community over the years it is still unknown in Antarctic environments. In this work, sediments collected in a transect in Whalers Bay, Deception Island, during the Austral Summers of 2014, 2015 and 2017 were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics. Sequence data were further processed with the SqueezeMeta tool for assembly, gene prediction, mapping, taxonomic and functional annotations. Results showed that stress-related functions had the influence of temperatures and solar radiation observed in the years of 2015 and 2017. The most differentiated functions were the ones related to oxidative stress, comparing 2014 vs 2015 and 2014 vs 2017. The genes coding for HSP20 and oxidoreductases (nrdH, grxA, korC and korD), as well as the genes clpE, cspL, and operons mtrAB and vicKR, were differentially enriched between the years, most of them found in gram-positive bacteria. The selective pressures of temperature and radiation may have favored the growth of gram-positive bacteria in 2017, with emphasis on Arthrobacter genus. Data gathered in this work showed that temperature and solar radiation could potentially be the primary driving forces shaping the repertoire of stress-response genes for the maintenance of microbial diversity in WB Antarctic sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Centurion
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - G V Lacerda-Júnior
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA, Jaguariúna, SP CEP 13820-000, Brazil
| | - A W F Duarte
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca - UFAL, Arapiraca, AL CEP 57309-005, Brazil
| | - T R Silva
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil
| | - L J Silva
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA, Jaguariúna, SP CEP 13820-000, Brazil
| | - L H Rosa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - V M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campos Calero G, Caballero Gómez N, Lavilla Lerma L, Benomar N, Knapp CW, Abriouel H. In silico mapping of microbial communities and stress responses in a porcine slaughterhouse and pork products through its production chain, and the efficacy of HLE disinfectant. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109486. [PMID: 32846568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to understand ecological-level spread of microbes and their genes has provided new insights for the prevention, surveillance and control of microbial contaminants in the slaughterhouse environment. Here, microbial samples were collected from products and surrounding areas though a porcine slaughter process; shotgun metagenomic DNA-sequencing of these samples revealed a high community diversity within the porcine slaughterhouse and pork products, in zones originating from animal arrival through to the sale zones. Bacteria were more prevalent in the first zones, such as arrival- and anesthesia-zones, and DNA viruses were prevalent in the scorching-and-whip zone, animal products and sale zone. Data revealed the dominance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla followed by Actinobacteria, with a clear shift in the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus sp.) from early slaughtering steps to Proteobacteria and then to viruses suggesting site-specific community compositions occur in the slaughterhouse. Porcine-type-C oncovirus was the main virus found in slaughterhouse, which causes malignant diseases in animals and humans. As such, to guarantee food safety in a slaughterhouse, a better decipher of ecology and adaptation strategies of microbes becomes crucial. Analysis of functional genes further revealed high abundance of diverse genes associated with stress, especially in early zones (animal and environmental surfaces of arrival zone with 57,710 and 40,806 genes, respectively); SOS responsive genes represented the most prevalent, possibly associated with genomic changes responsible of biofilm formation, stringent response, heat shock, antimicrobial production and antibiotic response. The presence of several antibiotic resistance genes suggests horizontal gene transfer, thus increasing the likelihood for resistance selection in human pathogens. These findings are of great concern, with the suggestion to focus control measures and establish good disinfection strategies to avoid gene spread and microbial contaminants (bacteria and viruses) from the animal surface into the food chain and environment, which was achieved by applying HLE disinfectant after washing with detergent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Campos Calero
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Natacha Caballero Gómez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Leyre Lavilla Lerma
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolackova M, Chaloupsky P, Cernei N, Klejdus B, Huska D, Adam V. Lycorine and UV-C stimulate phenolic secondary metabolites production and miRNA expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Hazard Mater 2020; 391:122088. [PMID: 32045800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying stress pathways on the level of secondary metabolites that are found in very small concentration in the cells is complicated. In the algae, the role of individual metabolites (such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, organic acids, and vitamins) and miRNAs that participate in plant's defence are very poorly understood during stressful conditions. Therefore, in the present experiment, the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to stress conditions (Lyc and UV-C irradiation) to detect these substances, even at very low concentrations. The purpose was to monitored changes at each response level with a future view to identifying their specific roles under different stress factors. In stress-treated cultures, numerous transcriptomic and metabolomic pathways were triggered in C. reinhardtii. Although Lyc significantly decreased the concentration of AA, suggesting that Lyc has a similar function in C. reinhardtii as in plants. The negative effect of UV-C radiation was based on the production of ROS and enhancement of antioxidant responses, resulting in increased levels of polyphenols and simple phenolic compounds. Both treatments did lead to extensive changes in transcript levels and miRNA expression patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Klejdus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamilari M, Jørgensen A, Schiøtt M, Møbjerg N. Comparative transcriptomics suggest unique molecular adaptations within tardigrade lineages. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:607. [PMID: 31340759 PMCID: PMC6652013 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tardigrades are renowned for their ability to enter cryptobiosis (latent life) and endure extreme stress, including desiccation and freezing. Increased focus is on revealing molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance. Here, we provide the first transcriptomes from the heterotardigrade Echiniscoides cf. sigismundi and the eutardigrade Richtersius cf. coronifer, and compare these with data from other tardigrades and six eukaryote models. Investigating 107 genes/gene families, our study provides a thorough analysis of tardigrade gene content with focus on stress tolerance. Results E. cf. sigismundi, a strong cryptobiont, apparently lacks expression of a number of stress related genes. Most conspicuous is the lack of transcripts from genes involved in classical Non-Homologous End Joining. Our analyses suggest that post-cryptobiotic survival in tardigrades could rely on high fidelity transcription-coupled DNA repair. Tardigrades seem to lack many peroxins, but they all have a comprehensive number of genes encoding proteins involved in antioxidant defense. The “tardigrade unique proteins” (CAHS, SAHS, MAHS, RvLEAM), seem to be missing in the heterotardigrade lineage, revealing that cryptobiosis in general cannot be attributed solely to these proteins. Our investigation further reveals a unique and highly expressed cold shock domain. We hypothesize that the cold shock protein acts as a RNA-chaperone involved in regulation of translation following freezing. Conclusions Our results show common gene family contractions and expansions within stress related gene pathways in tardigrades, but also indicate that evolutionary lineages have a high degree of divergence. Different taxa and lineages may exhibit unique physiological adaptations towards stress conditions involving possible unknown functional homologues and/or novel physiological and biochemical mechanisms. To further substantiate the current results genome assemblies coupled with transcriptome data and experimental investigations are needed from tardigrades belonging to different evolutionary lineages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5912-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kamilari
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aslak Jørgensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Schiøtt
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadja Møbjerg
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Somasundaram S, Abraham JS, Maurya S, Toteja R, Gupta R, Makhija S. Expression and molecular characterization of stress-responsive genes (hsp70 and Mn-sod) and evaluation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) in heavy metal exposed freshwater ciliate, Tetmemena sp. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4921-31. [PMID: 31273612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Response of heavy metals namely cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on the expression of stress responsive genes in the fresh water ciliate, Tetmemena sp. (single cell eukaryote) was studied. Stress responsive genes include heat shock protein genes and genes involved in antioxidant defence system. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate the effects of Cd and Cu on the expression of cytosolic hsp70 and Mn-sod genes. Increase in the expression of these genes was observed after exposure with the heavy metals. The macronuclear cytosolic hsp70 and Mn-sod (SOD2) genes were also sequenced and characterized using various bioinformatics tools. In antioxidant defence system, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a first line antioxidant enzyme group involved in catalysing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Influence of Cd and Cu on the activity of SOD has already been reported by our group. Therefore, the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were studied in the presence of Cd and Cu and there was significant increase in activity of these enzymes in concentration dependent manner. This study suggests that cytosolic hsp70, Mn-sod and the antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GPx can be used as effective molecular biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity and Tetmemena sp. can be used as potential model for understanding the molecular response to heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
|
8
|
Malhi GS, Das P, Outhred T, Dobson-Stone C, Irwin L, Gessler D, Bryant R, Mannie Z. Effect of stress gene-by-environment interactions on hippocampal volumes and cortisol secretion in adolescent girls. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:316-325. [PMID: 30754992 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419827649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a time of increased susceptibility to environmental stress and mood disorders, and girls are particularly at risk. Genes interacting with the environment (G × E) are implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, hippocampal volume changes and risk or resilience to mood disorders. In this study, we assessed the effects of stress system G × E interactions on hippocampal volumes and cortisol secretion in adolescent girls. METHODS We recruited 229 girls aged 12-18 years, and scans were obtained from 202 girls. Of these, 76 had been exposed to higher emotional trauma (abuse or neglect). Hippocampal volumes were measured using Freesurfer and high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Saliva samples were collected for measurement of cortisol levels and genotyping of stress system genes: FKBP5, NR3C1 (both N = 194) and NR3C2 ( N = 193). RESULTS Among girls with the 'G' allelic variant of the NR3C1 gene, those who had been exposed to higher emotional trauma had significantly smaller left hippocampal volumes ( N = 44; mean = 4069.58 mm3, standard deviation = 376.99) than girls who had been exposed to minimal emotional trauma with the same allelic variant ( N = 69; mean = 4222.34 mm3, standard deviation = 366.74). CONCLUSION In healthy adolescents, interactions between emotional trauma and the 'protective' NR3C1 'GG' variant seem to induce reductions in left hippocampal volumes. These G × E interactions suggest that vulnerability to mood disorders is perhaps driven by reduced 'protection' that may be specific to emotional trauma. This novel but preliminary evidence has implications for targeted prevention of mood disorders and prospective multimodal neuroimaging and longitudinal studies are now needed to investigate this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pritha Das
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Outhred
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- 5 Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,6 Faculty of Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren Irwin
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Gessler
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,5 Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,7 Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Bryant
- 8 Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zola Mannie
- 1 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,9 NSW Health and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Margalef-Català M, Felis GE, Reguant C, Stefanelli E, Torriani S, Bordons A. Identification of variable genomic regions related to stress response in Oenococcus oeni. Food Res Int 2017; 102:625-638. [PMID: 29195994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni is the most important species involved in malolactic fermentation due to its capability to survive in presence of ethanol and in the acidic environment of wine. In order to identify novel genes involved in adaptation to wine, a new approach using genome-wide analysis based on stress-related genes was performed in strain O. oeni PSU-1, and 106 annotated stress genes were identified. The in silico analysis revealed the high similarity of all those genes through 57 O. oeni genomes; however, seven variable regions of genomic plasticity could be determined for their different presence observed among these strains. Regions 3 and 5 had the typical hallmarks of horizontal transfer, suggesting that the strategy of acquiring genes from other bacteria enhanced the fitness of O. oeni strains. Certain genes related to stress resistance were described in these regions, and similarities of putative acquired regions with other lactic acid bacteria species were found. Some genomic fragments present in all the strains were described and another new genomic island harbouring a threonine dehydrogenase was found. The association of selected sequences with adaptation to wine was assessed by screening 31 O. oeni strains using PCR of single genes, but no sequences were found to be exclusive to highly performing malolactic fermentation strains. This study provides new information about the genomic variability of O. oeni strains contributing to a further understanding of this species and the relationship of its genomic traits with the ability to adapt to stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Margalef-Català
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giovanna E Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Reguant
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Stefanelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Albert Bordons
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alexandraki V, Kazou M, Blom J, Pot B, Tsakalidou E, Papadimitriou K. The complete genome sequence of the yogurt isolate Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 2. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:18. [PMID: 28163827 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 2 is a newly sequenced strain isolated from traditional Greek yogurt. Among the 14 fully sequenced strains of S. thermophilus currently deposited in the NCBI database, the ACA-DC 2 strain has the smallest chromosome, containing 1,731,838 bp. The annotation of its genome revealed the presence of 1,850 genes, including 1,556 protein-coding genes, 70 RNA genes and 224 potential pseudogenes. A large number of pseudogenes were identified. This was also accompanied by the absence of pathogenic features suggesting evolution of strain ACA-DC 2 through genome decay processes, most probably due to adaptation to the milk ecosystem. Analysis revealed the existence of one complete lactose-galactose operon, several proteolytic enzymes, one exopolysaccharide cluster, stress response genes and four putative antimicrobial peptides. Interestingly, one CRISPR-cas system and one orphan CRISPR, both carrying only one spacer, were predicted indicating low activity or inactivation of the cas proteins. Nevertheless, four putative restriction-modification systems were determined that may compensate any deficiencies of the CRISPR-cas system. Furthermore, whole genome phylogeny indicated three distinct clades within S. thermophilus. Comparative analysis among selected strains representative for each clade, including strain ACA-DC 2, revealed a high degree of conservation at the genomic scale, but also strain specific regions. Unique genes and genomic islands of strain ACA-DC 2 contained a number of genes potentially acquired through horizontal gene transfer events, that could be related to important technological properties for dairy starters. Our study suggests genomic traits in strain ACA-DC 2 compatible to the production of dairy fermented foods.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaithawiwat K, Vangnai A, McEvoy JM, Pruess B, Krajangpan S, Khan E. Role of oxidative stress in inactivation of Escherichia coli BW25113 by nanoscale zero-valent iron. Sci Total Environ 2016; 565:857-862. [PMID: 26953142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli BW25113 wildtype strain and mutant strains lacking genes that protect against oxidative stress were examined at different growth phases for susceptibility to zero-valent iron (nZVI). Viability of cells was determined by the plate count method. All mutant strains were more susceptible than the wild type strain to nZVI; however, susceptibility differed among the mutant strains. Consistent with the role of rpoS as a global stress regulator, an rpoS gene knockout mutant exhibited the greatest susceptibility to nZVI under the majority of conditions tested (except exponential and declining phases at longer exposure time). Mutants lacking genes encoding the inducible and constitutively expressed cytosolic superoxide dismutases, sodA and sodB, respectively, were more susceptible to nZVI than a mutant lacking the gene encoding sodC, a periplasmic superoxide dismutase. This suggests that nZVI induces oxidative stress inside the cells via superoxide generation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of katG, a gene encoding the catalase-peroxidase enzyme, in nZVI-treated E. coli at different growth phases. Results showed that nZVI repressed the expression of katG in all but lag phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krittanut Chaithawiwat
- International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alisa Vangnai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - John M McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Birgit Pruess
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lauritano C, Carotenuto Y, Vitiello V, Buttino I, Romano G, Hwang JS, Ianora A. Effects of the oxylipin-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi on gene expression levels of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 1:89-94. [PMID: 25666254 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are eukaryotic unicellular plants that constitute one of the major components of marine phytoplankton, comprising up to 40% of annual productivity at sea and representing 25% of global carbon-fixation. Diatoms have traditionally been considered a preferential food for zooplankton grazers such as copepods, but, in the last two decades, this beneficial role has been challenged after the discovery that many species of diatoms produce toxic metabolites, collectively termed oxylipins, that induce reproductive failure in zooplankton grazers. Diatoms are the dominant natural diet of Calanus sinicus, a cold-temperate calanoid copepod that supports secondary production of important fisheries in the shelf ecosystems of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan and South China Sea. In this study, the effect of the oxylipin-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi on C. sinicus has been evaluated by analyzing expression level changes of genes involved in defense and detoxification systems. Results show that C. sinicus is more resistant to a diet of this diatom species in terms of gene expression patterns, compared to the congeneric species Calanus helgolandicus which is an important constituent of the temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean and northern Mediterranean Sea. These findings contribute to the better understanding of genetic and/or phenotypic flexibility of copepod species and their capabilities to cope with stress by identifying molecular markers (such as stress and detoxification genes) as biosensors for environmental perturbations (e.g. toxins and contaminants) affecting marine copepods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Vitiello
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123 Livorno, Italy
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123 Livorno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giannetto A, Fernandes JMO, Nagasawa K, Mauceri A, Maisano M, De Domenico E, Cappello T, Oliva S, Fasulo S. Influence of continuous light treatment on expression of stress biomarkers in Atlantic cod. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 44:30-34. [PMID: 24296437 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous light treatment during early juvenile stages in Gadus morhua is a common farming management practice but the effects of these unnatural light conditions on fish stress have received scant attention. In the present study we investigated how continuous illumination affects transcription levels of key stress-related and antimicrobial peptide genes in juvenile Atlantic cod. Gene expression quantification by real-time PCR revealed higher levels of transcripts coding for antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase in liver of fish reared under continuous illumination, concomitantly with a 43% decrease in glutathione content. Transcription of antimicrobial peptides such as piscidins, hepcidin and cathelicidin was also affected by constant illumination. Overall, the significant changes in liver transcript levels of these biomarkers in response to continuous light may be an adaptation to light stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Jorge M O Fernandes
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Kazue Nagasawa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elena De Domenico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|