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Pan P, Li F, Han B, Yuan B, Liu T. Exploring the impact of professional soccer substitute players on physical and technical performance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:143. [PMID: 37898786 PMCID: PMC10612320 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substitutions are generally used to promote the match performance of the whole team. This study aimed to analyze the performance of substitute players and explore the performance difference among substitute players, completed players, and replaced players across each position. METHODS Chinese Super Soccer League (CSL) matches in the season 2018 including 5871 individual observation from 395 professional soccer players were analyzed by establishing linear mixed models to quantify the performance difference among substitute players (SP) (n = 1,071), entire match players (EMP) (n = 3,454), and replaced players (RP) (n = 1,346), and then separately for each position (central defenders, fullbacks, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and attackers). RESULTS The results show SP display higher high intensity distance and sprint distance significantly (p < 0.05) relative to playing time than RP and EMP. SP in offensive positions (attackers, wide midfielders) showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) passing and organizing performance such as passes, ball control, short passes, and long passes than RP or EMP. The scoring performances of central midfielders of SP including goals, shots, and shots on target are significantly higher (p < 0.05) than RP or EMP. Central defenders of SP showed higher shot blocks and pass blocks (p < 0.05) while lower passing and organizing performance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Depending on different playing positions, substitute players could indeed improve physical and technical performance related to scoring, passing, and defending as offensive substitute players can boost organizing performance and substitute defenders enhance defending performance. These could help coaches better understand substitute players' influence on match performance and optimize the substitution tactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Pan
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fangbin Li
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bo Han
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianbiao Liu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Thao U, Lajous M, Laouali N, Severi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, MacDonald CJ. Relative to processed red meat, alternative protein sources are associated with a lower risk of hypertension and diabetes in a prospective cohort of French women. Br J Nutr 2022;:1-12. [PMID: 36045127 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many dietary guidelines recommend restricting the consumption of processed red meat (PRM) in favour of healthier foods such as fish, to reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of this study was to estimate the potential effect of replacing PRM for fatty fish, lean fish, red meat, eggs, pulses, or vegetables, on the risk of incident hypertension and diabetes. This was a prospective study of women in the E3N cohort study. Cases of diabetes and hypertension were based on self-report, specific questionnaires, and drug reimbursements. In the main analysis, information on regular dietary intake was assessed with a single food history questionaire, and food substitutions were modelled using cox proportional hazard models. 95 % confidence intervals were generated via bootstrapping. 71 081 women free of diabetes and 45 771 women free of hypertension were followed for an average of 18·7 and 18·3 years, respectively. 2681 incident cases of diabetes and 12 327 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Relative to PRM, fatty fish was associated with a 15 % lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0·85, 95 CI (0·73, 0·97)) and hypertension (HR = 0 85 (0·79, 0·91)). Between 3 and 10 % lower risk of hypertension or diabetes was also observed when comparing PRM with vegetables, unprocessed red meat or pulses. Relative to PRM, alternative protein sources such as fatty fish, unprocessed red meat, vegetables or pulses was associated with a lower risk of hypertension and diabetes.
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Lou J, Zhao S, Cao L, Zheng H, Chen Z, Chan RWY, Chong MKC, Zee BCY, Chan PKS, Wang MH. Temporal Patterns in the Evolutionary Genetic Distance of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Public Health Genomics 2022; 25:1-4. [PMID: 34986485 DOI: 10.1159/000520837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the genetic mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred frequently. Some mutations in the spike protein are considered to promote transmissibility of the virus, while the mutation patterns in other proteins are less studied and may also be important in understanding the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. We used the sequencing data of SARS-CoV-2 strains in California to investigate the time-varying patterns of the evolutionary genetic distance. The accumulative genetic distances were quantified across different time periods and in different viral proteins. The increasing trends of genetic distance were observed in spike protein (S protein), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region and nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) of open reading frame 1 (ORF1), and nucleocapsid protein (N protein). The genetic distances in ORF3a, ORF8, and nsp2 of ORF1 started to diverge from their original variants after September 2020. By contrast, mutations in other proteins appeared transiently, and no evident increasing trend was observed in the genetic distance to the original variants. This study presents distinct patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 mutations across multiple proteins from the aspect of genetic distance. Future investigation shall be conducted to study the effects of accumulative mutations on epidemics characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Lou
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lirong Cao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renee W Y Chan
- Department of Paediatric, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marc K C Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny C Y Zee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggie H Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Chauffour A, Morel F, Reibel F, Petrella S, Mayer C, Cambau E, Aubry A. A systematic review of Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase mutations and their impact on fluoroquinolone resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1601-1612. [PMID: 34265461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fact that Mycobacterium leprae does not grow in vitro remains a challenge in the survey of its antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Mainly molecular methods are used to diagnose AMR in M. leprae to provide reliable data concerning mutations and their impact. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are efficient for the treatment of leprosy and the main second-line drugs in case of multidrug resistance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at performing a systematic review (a) to characterize all DNA gyrase gene mutations described in clinical isolates of M. leprae, (b) to distinguish between those associated with FQ resistance or susceptibility and (c) to delineate a consensus numbering system for M. leprae GyrA and GyrB. DATA SOURCES Data source was PubMed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Publications reporting genotypic susceptibility-testing methods and gyrase gene mutations in M. leprae clinical strains. RESULTS In 25 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, 2884 M. leprae isolates were analysed (2236 for gyrA only (77%) and 755 for both gyrA and gyrB (26%)): 3.8% of isolates had gyrA mutations (n = 110), mostly at position 91 (n = 75, 68%) and 0.8% gyrB mutations (n = 6). Since we found discrepancies regarding the location of substitutions associated with FQ resistance, we established a consensus numbering system to properly number the mutations. We also designed a 3D model of the M. leprae DNA gyrase to predict the impact of mutations whose role in FQ-susceptibility has not been demonstrated previously. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in DNA gyrase are observed in 4% of the M. leprae clinical isolates. To solve discrepancies among publications and to distinguish between mutations associated with FQ resistance or susceptibility, the consensus numbering system we proposed as well as the 3D model of the M. leprae gyrase for the evaluation of the impact of unknown mutations in FQ resistance, will provide help for resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chauffour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Morel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France
| | - Florence Reibel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biologie, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site de Longjumeau, Longjumeau, France
| | - Stéphanie Petrella
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- AP-HP GHU Nord, Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, INSERM, IAME UMR1137, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France.
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Mohd Sani N, Aziz Z, Kamarulzaman A. Biosimilars in Malaysia: Regulatory Framework, Approved Products, and Adverse Effects. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2021; 55:490-502. [PMID: 33231863 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biosimilars are a cost-effective alternative to original biologic medicines that allow patients access to biologic therapies for various chronic diseases. Our paper aims to provide an overview of biosimilars in Malaysia with emphasis on the comparison of Malaysian guidelines with guidelines from well-established regulatory agencies, a review of biosimilars' market approval and their reported adverse effects (AEs) as well as clinical trials conducted in Malaysia. METHODS We searched the official websites of the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) Malaysia and three other well-established agencies, online databases of Medline® and EMBASE for guidelines on legislation and regulations of biosimilars. Meanwhile, we extracted the reports of AEs involving biosimilars in Malaysia from the NPRA database and for global AEs from the World Health Organisation VigyLize database. The ClinicalTrials.gov Website by the U.S. National Library of Medicines was the source for data on clinical trials. RESULTS Malaysia followed the principles of the European Medicines Agency biosimilar regulations and issued their guideline in 2008. Since then, NPRA has approved 24 biosimilar products and recorded 499 AE reports, of which 43 (8.6%) were serious. NPRA has also approved ten Phase III clinical trials in Malaysia with four trials still ongoing. CONCLUSION Malaysia follows a stringent regulatory pathway for the approval of biosimilars enacted by well-established regulatory agencies to maintain the quality, efficacy and safety of biosimilars. Introducing biosimilars to the Malaysian market would improve patients' accessibility to biologic therapies.
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Mehmood F, Abdullah, Ubaid Z, Shahzadi I, Ahmed I, Waheed MT, Poczai P, Mirza B. Plastid genomics of Nicotiana (Solanaceae): insights into molecular evolution, positive selection and the origin of the maternal genome of Aztec tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9552. [PMID: 32775052 PMCID: PMC7382938 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae), commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are often cultivated as non-food crops and garden ornamentals. In addition to the worldwide production of tobacco leaves, they are also used as evolutionary model systems due to their complex development history tangled by polyploidy and hybridization. Here, we assembled the plastid genomes of five tobacco species: N. knightiana, N. rustica, N. paniculata, N. obtusifolia and N. glauca. De novo assembled tobacco plastid genomes had the typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,323-25,369 bp each) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region (86,510-86,716 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,441-18,555 bp). Comparative analyses of Nicotiana plastid genomes with currently available Solanaceae genome sequences showed similar GC and gene content, codon usage, simple sequence and oligonucleotide repeats, RNA editing sites, and substitutions. We identified 20 highly polymorphic regions, mostly belonging to intergenic spacer regions (IGS), which could be suitable for the development of robust and cost-effective markers for inferring the phylogeny of the genus Nicotiana and family Solanaceae. Our comparative plastid genome analysis revealed that the maternal parent of the tetraploid N. rustica was the common ancestor of N. paniculata and N. knightiana, and the later species is more closely related to N. rustica. Relaxed molecular clock analyses estimated the speciation event between N. rustica and N. knightiana appeared 0.56 Ma (HPD 0.65-0.46). Biogeographical analysis supported a south-to-north range expansion and diversification for N. rustica and related species, where N. undulata and N. paniculata evolved in North/Central Peru, while N. rustica developed in Southern Peru and separated from N. knightiana, which adapted to the Southern coastal climatic regimes. We further inspected selective pressure on protein-coding genes among tobacco species to determine if this adaptation process affected the evolution of plastid genes. These analyses indicate that four genes involved in different plastid functions, including DNA replication (rpoA) and photosynthesis (atpB, ndhD and ndhF), came under positive selective pressure as a result of specific environmental conditions. Genetic mutations in these genes might have contributed to better survival and superior adaptations during the evolutionary history of tobacco species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furrukh Mehmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zartasha Ubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tahir Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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AlBalwi MA, Khan A, AlDrees M, Gk U, Manie B, Arabi Y, Alabdulkareem I, AlJohani S, Alghoribi M, AlAskar A, AlAjlan A, Hajeer A. Evolving sequence mutations in the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1544-1550. [PMID: 32654959 PMCID: PMC7328614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has continued to cause sporadic outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection over the last 8 years. METHODS Complete genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing was performed for MERS-CoV isolates from cases that occurred in Riyadh between 2015 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular mutational analysis were carried out to investigate disease severity. RESULTS A total of eight MERS-CoV isolates were subjected to complete genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in the assembly of 7/8 sequences within lineage 3 and one sequence within lineage 4 showing complex genomic recombination. The isolates contained a variety of unique amino acid substitutions in ORF1ab (41), the N protein (10), the S protein (9) and ORF4b (5). CONCLUSION Our study shows that MERS-CoV is evolving. The emergence of new variants carries the potential for increased virulence and could impose a challenge to the global health system. We recommend the sequencing every new MERS-CoV isolate to observe the changes in the virus and relate them to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali AlBalwi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anis Khan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Austria
| | - Mohammed AlDrees
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Yaseen Arabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alabdulkareem
- Health Sciences Research Center, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Prince Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera AlJohani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alghoribi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed AlAskar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlAjlan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hajeer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tsai CT, Wu HY, Wang CH. Genetic sequence changes related to the attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain TW2575/98. Virus Genes 2020; 56:369-79. [PMID: 32232712 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The attenuated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), derived from a wild strain (TW2575/98w) in chicken embryos after 75 passages, is designed as a commercial vaccine strain (TW2575/98vac) to control the disease in Taiwan. The differences in viral infectivity, replication efficiency, and genome sequences between TW2575/98w and TW2575/98vac were determined and compared. TW2575/98vac caused earlier death of chicken embryos and had higher viral replication efficiency. Thirty amino acid substitutions resulting from 44 mutated nucleotides in the viral genome were found in TW2575/98vac. All of the molecular variations lead to attenuation, found in TW2575/98, were not observed consistently in the other IBVs (TW2296/95, Ark/Ark-DPI/81, the Massachusetts strain, GA98/CWL0470/98, and CK/CH/LDL/97I) and vice versa. After further comparisons and evaluations from three aspects: (1) longitudinal analysis on the timing of variations appeared in specific homologous strain passages, (2) horizontal evaluations with the amino acid changes between wild and vaccine strains among the other 5 IBVs, and (3) inspection on alterations in the chemical characteristics of substituted amino acid residues in viral proteins, four amino acid substitutions [V342D in p87, S1493P and P2025S in HD1, as well as F2308Y in HD1(P41)] were selected as highly possible candidates for successful TW2575/98w attenuation. Our findings imply that molecular variations, which contribute to the successful attenuation of different IBVs, are diverse and not restricted to a fixed pattern or specific amino acid substitutions in viral proteins. In addition, four amino acid changes within the replicase gene-encoded proteins might be associated with TW2575/98 virus virulence.
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Wu H, Liu F, Yang F, Xiao Y, Yao H, Wu N. Amino acid substitutions involved in the adaptation of a novel H7N7 avian influenza virus in mice. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:203-206. [PMID: 32200160 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The H7N7 avian influenza viruses can infect humans and poses a great threat to human health. To identify the amino acid substitutions that are associated with adaptation of avian-origin H7N7 virus to mammals, adaptation of the H7N7 virus was carried out by serial lung-to-lung passage in mice. Genomic analysis of the mouse-adapted virus revealed amino acid changes in the PB2 (E525G, M645I, and D701N), NP (I475V), HA(D103N), and NA(K142E) proteins. The adapted H7N7 virus was more virulent in mice than the wild-type virus. Our results suggest that continued surveillance of poultry populations for these substitutions in the H7N7 virus is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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10
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Wu H, Yang F, Xiao Y, Liu F, Yao H, Wu N. Adaptive amino acid substitutions enhance the virulence of an avian-origin H6N1 influenza virus in mice. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 74:103918. [PMID: 31200112 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The H6N1 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is a zoonotic infectious disease pathogen, which poses a threat to human health. In order to study the possible substitution of H6N1 AIV for mammals, an avian-origin H6N1 virus was successively passaged in mice. The results showed that PB2 (L193H and E627K), PA (S709F) and HA (V127I) proteins had multiple amino acid substitutions. The virulence of the mouse-adapted virus was stronger than that of the wild virus, and it was highly pathogenic to mice. Therefore, continued surveillance of these substitutions in poultry H6N1 viruses is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
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Shahzadi I, Abdullah, Mehmood F, Ali Z, Ahmed I, Mirza B. Chloroplast genome sequences of Artemisia maritima and Artemisia absinthium: Comparative analyses, mutational hotspots in genus Artemisia and phylogeny in family Asteraceae. Genomics 2019; 112:1454-1463. [PMID: 31450007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia L. is a complex genus of medicinal importance. Publicly available chloroplast genomes of few Artemisia species are insufficient to resolve taxonomic discrepancies at species level. We report chloroplast genome sequences of two further Artemisia species: A. maritima (151,061 bp) and A. absinthium (151,193 bp). Both genomes possess typical quadripartite structure comprising of a large single copy, a small single copy and a pair of long inverted repeats. The two genomes exhibited high similarities in genome sizes, gene synteny, GC content, synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions, codon usage, amino acids frequencies, RNA editing sites, microsatellites, and oligonucleotide repeats. Transition to transversion ratio was <1. Maximum likelihood tree showed Artemisia a monophyletic genus, sister to genus Chrysanthemum. We also identified 20 highly polymorphic regions including rpoC2-rps2, trnR-UCU-trnG-UCC, rps18-rpl20, and trnL-UAG-rpl32 that could be used to develop authentic and cost-effective markers to resolve taxonomic discrepancies and infer phylogenetic relationships among Artemisia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Furrukh Mehmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Meenambal R, Kannan S. Design and structural investigations of Yb 3+ substituted β-Ca 3(PO 4) 2 contrast agents for bimodal NIR luminescence and X-ray CT imaging. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 91:817-823. [PMID: 30033317 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The quest for the development of bone substitutes with contrast agents for diagnostic imaging subsists to distinguish synthetic bone from native human tissue. To this aim, ytterbium (Yb3+) substitutions in β-tricalcium phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2, β-TCP) as contrast agents has been developed to differentiate implant materials thereby, facilitating as host for bimodal imaging application by means of NIR luminescence and X-ray computed tomography techniques. A facile aqueous chemical precipitation route with the aid of surfactant is used for the synthesis of Yb3+ substitutions in β-Ca3(PO4)2. The characterization results affirms the ability of β-Ca3(PO4)2 to host 4.36 mol% of Yb3+ while the excess Yb3+ crystallizes as YbPO4. The structure refinement results favour the occupancy of Yb3+ at the Ca2+(5) site of β-Ca3(PO4)2. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra in the near infrared region with emission intensity ~1024 nm in the second biological window correspond to 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transitions of Yb3+. The designed Yb3+ substituted β-Ca3(PO4)2 does not exhibit any toxicity in human osteosarcoma cell lines and delivers an excellent in vitro CT contrast ability allied by the enhanced signal intensity and high X-ray absorption coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Meenambal
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - S Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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13
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Yuan H, Li P, Ma X, Lu Z, Sun P, Bai X, Zhang J, Bao H, Cao Y, Li D, Fu Y, Chen Y, Bai Q, Zhang J, Liu Z. The pH stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virol J 2017; 14:233. [PMID: 29183342 PMCID: PMC5706165 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ᅟ This review summarized the molecular determinants of the acid stability of FMDV in order to explore the uncoating mechanism of FMDV and improve the acid stability of vaccines. Background The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid is highly acid labile and tends to dissociate into pentameric subunits at acidic condition to release viral RNA for initiating virus replication. However, the acid stability of virus capsid is greatly required for the maintenance of intact virion during the process of virus culture and vaccine production. The conflict between the acid lability in vivo and acid stability in vitro of FMDV capsid promotes the selection of a series of amino acid substitutions which can confer resistance to acid-induced FMDV inactivation. In order to explore the uncoating activity of FMDV and enhance the acid stability of vaccines, we summarized the available works about the pH stability of FMDV. Main body of the abstract In this review, we analyzed the intrinsic reasons for the acid instability of FMDV from the structural and functional aspects. We also listed all substitutions obtained by different research methods and showed them in the partial capsid of FMDV. We found that a quadrangle region in the viral capsid was the place where a great many pH-sensitive residues were distributed. As the uncoating event of FMDV is dependent on the pH-sensitive amino acid residues in the capsid, this most pH-sensitive position indicates a potential candidate location for RNA delivery triggered by the acid-induced coat disassociation. Short conclusion This review provided an overview of the pH stability of FMDV. The study of pH stability of FMDV not only contributes to the exploration of molecule and mechanism information for FMDV uncoating, but also enlightens the development of FMDV vaccines, including the traditionally inactivated vaccines and the new VLP (virus-like particle) vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
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Wu H, Peng X, Lu R, Xu L, Liu F, Cheng L, Lu X, Yao H, Wu N. Virulence of an H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza is enhanced by the amino acid substitutions PB2 E627K and HA A149V. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 54:347-54. [PMID: 28750900 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel reassortant H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was recently identified in Asia, Europe, and North America. The H5N8 HPAI virus has raised serious concerns regarding the potential risk for human infection. However, the molecular changes responsible for allowing mammalian infection in H5N8 HPAI viruses are not clear. The objective of this study was to identify amino acid substitutions that are potentially associated with the adaptation of H5N8 HPAI viruses to mammals. In this study, an avian-origin H5N8 virus was adapted to mice through serial lung-to-lung passage. The virulence of mouse-adapted virus was increased and adaptive mutations, HA (A149V) and PB2 (E627K), were detected after the ninth passage in each series of mice. Reverse genetics were used to generate reassortants of the wild type and mouse-adapted viruses. Substitutions in the HA (A149V) and PB2 (E627K) proteins led to enhanced viral virulence in mice, the viruses displayed expanded tissue tropism, and increased replication kinetics in mammalian cells. Continued surveillance in poultry for amino acid changes that might indicate H5N8 HPAI viruses pose a threat to human health is required.
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Abstract
There are millions of sequences deposited in genomic databases, and it is an important task to categorize them according to their structural and functional roles. Sequence comparison is a prerequisite for proper categorization of both DNA and protein sequences, and helps in assigning a putative or hypothetical structure and function to a given sequence. There are various methods available for comparing sequences, alignment being first and foremost for sequences with a small number of base pairs as well as for large-scale genome comparison. Various tools are available for performing pairwise large sequence comparison. The best known tools either perform global alignment or generate local alignments between the two sequences. In this chapter we first provide basic information regarding sequence comparison. This is followed by the description of the PAM and BLOSUM matrices that form the basis of sequence comparison. We also give a practical overview of currently available methods such as BLAST and FASTA, followed by a description and overview of tools available for genome comparison including LAGAN, MumMER, BLASTZ, and AVID.
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Abstract
Ferrocenylamines are excellent catalysts for the enantioselective substitution of unsymmetrical allyl chlorides with dialkylzinc compounds in the presence of a copper(I) salt. For example, in the reaction shown in Equation (1), the product is formed with 87 % ee and a SN 2':SN 2 ratio of 97:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dübner
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6421-28-21-89
| | - Paul Knochel
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6421-28-21-89
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