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Saadé S, Delafontaine A, Cattan J, Celanie D, Saiydoun G. Attractiveness and gender dynamics in surgical specialties: a comparative analysis of French medical graduates (2017-2022). BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38413964 PMCID: PMC10900538 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND French medical graduates undertake a national examination at the end of their studies with a subsequent national ranking. Specialty is then chosen by each candidate according to their ranking. This study aims to describe the attractiveness of surgical specialties and the evolution of the male-female distribution among French medical graduates (FMG) from 2017 to 2022. METHODS Our database included the candidates' ranking, sex and choice of specialty from 2017 to 2022. It included all French medical graduates from 2017 to 2022 and all French medical schools. A linear regression was performed to predict future trends. Dependent variables were mean rankings and the percentage of women. The independent variable was year of application. A Pearson correlation was performed to examine any relationship with mean workweek. RESULTS A total number of 5270 residents chose a surgical programme between 2017 and 2022. The number of residents who were assigned their desired surgical programme held stable at 878 surgical residents per year. Plastic and reconstructive surgery remained the most frequently chosen surgical programme. Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery was the least frequently chosen surgical programme between 2017 and 2022. The mean ranking for a candidate choosing a surgical programme rose significantly by 9% from 2017 to 2022 (p < 0.01). Neurosurgery exhibited the greatest fall as a surgical specialty as its rankings decreased by 163.6% (p < 0.01). Maxillo-facial surgery was the only specialty with a statistically significant increase in its rankings by 35.9% (p < 0.05). The overall proportion of women was 51.1%. Obstetrics-and-gynecology was the highest represented specialty among female candidates, with a mean of 83.9% of women. Orthopedic surgery was the lowest represented, being composed of a mean of 28.6% of women. The number of female surgical residents increased significantly over the six-year period, by 7.6% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS More and more medical school graduates decide not to choose surgery for their residency programme. Some specialties continue to be attractive while many are losing their appeal. While there does appear to be progress towards gender equity, further investigation is necessary to assess its actual implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadé Saadé
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Arnaud Delafontaine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Route de Lennik, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Johann Cattan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Doris Celanie
- Université des Antilles, 97100, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Gabriel Saiydoun
- Department of cardiac surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Bld Vincent Auriol, 75013, Paris, France
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Ma CY, Beck NA, Hockaday MZ, Niedziela CJ, Ritchie CA, Harris JA, Roudnitsky E, Guntaka PKR, Yeh SY, Middleton J, Norrlinger JY, Alvarez GA, Danquah SA, Yang S, Deoglas DK, Afshar S. The global distribution of oral and maxillofacial surgeons: a mixed-methods study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023:S0901-5027(23)00198-4. [PMID: 37840001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite its role in treating the most dominant non-communicable diseases worldwide, the global workforce of oral and maxillofacial (OM) surgeons is not well-characterized. To address the current deficit in understanding of the global OM surgeon workforce and to elevate oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) in the global health discourse, we join other surgical specialties in evaluating global surgical capacity with a descriptive analysis of the distribution of OM surgeons worldwide. A mixed-methods study was implemented using a combination of literature review, in-country contacts, internet searches, and survey data. The survey was distributed globally from January to June 2022. Data regarding OM surgeon workforce estimates were obtained for 104 of 195 United Nations-recognized countries (53.3%). Among countries with available estimates, the median global workforce density was 0.518 OM surgeons per 100,000 population. Twenty-eight countries (26.9%) were reported to have two or fewer OM surgeons. The median OM surgeon workforce density for low-income countries was 0.015 surgeons per 100,000 population, compared to 1.087 surgeons per 100,000 population in high-income countries. low and middle-income countries countries have the least workforce density as well as the least data coverage. More work is needed to better understand the capacity of the global OM surgeon workforce and access to OMS care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Ma
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N A Beck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Z Hockaday
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C J Niedziela
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C A Ritchie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J A Harris
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - E Roudnitsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers University School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - P K R Guntaka
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, USA
| | - S Y Yeh
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Middleton
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Y Norrlinger
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G A Alvarez
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S A Danquah
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D K Deoglas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S Afshar
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Schizas D, Papapanou M, Routsi E, Mastoraki A, Lidoriki I, Zavras N, Avgerinos DV, Lazaris AM, Tsaroucha A. Career barriers for women in surgery. Surgeon 2022; 20:275-283. [PMID: 34996719 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing numbers of female medical students, surgery remains male-dominated. PURPOSE To highlight the principal career obstacles experienced by aspiring female surgeons. METHODS A narrative review of literature on the position and career barriers of female surgeons has been conducted, using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. MAIN FINDINGS Implicit and even explicit biases against female surgeons remain prevalent, negatively impacting their training performance and overall professional trajectory. Female surgeons are globally underrepresented in leadership positions and senior academic rankings, especially that of a full professor. They feel hampered by lack of effective mentorship, whose value for a successful career has been acknowledged by all medical students, surgeons and surgical leaders. Their work-life imbalance is sometimes expressed as lower likelihood than their male contemporaries of getting married or having children and may be attributed to their conventional association with the role of caretaker, their personal desire to accommodate occupational and family duties and the inadequate implementation of parental leave and childcare policies. Female surgeons' "infertility" may be further explained by direct and indirect pregnancy-related difficulties. Female surgeons are also financially undercompensated compared to their male contemporaries. Finally, specialty-specific challenges should not be overlooked. CONCLUSIONS While encouraging steps have been made, women in surgery feel still hindered by various obstacles. The qualitative, interview-based nature of current literature requires more meticulous studies on these barriers with a more quantitative and objective approach. Attenuation of gender imbalance in surgical specialties requires further changes in mentality and more targeted modifications in relevant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Papapanou
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Routsi
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Mastoraki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zavras
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Avgerinos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas M Lazaris
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Second Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Edwards JA, Chan C, Jean-Louis A, Perez J, Stone ME, Schwartzman A, Dresner LS, Boutin-Foster C, Kurtz RS. Strategic surgery recruitment programs can enhance diversity and reinforce pipelines. Am J Surg 2021; 223:1222-1225. [PMID: 34974885 PMCID: PMC8714240 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi-Ann Edwards
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher Chan
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Audrigue Jean-Louis
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Julianny Perez
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Melvin E Stone
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Schwartzman
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lisa S Dresner
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Carla Boutin-Foster
- Office of Diversity Education and Research, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Kurtz
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Zale AD, Song CI, Zhou A, Lai J, Jang M, Lipsett PA, Desai SV, Hanyok LA, Bienstock JL. A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Benefits to Resident Education in Ambulatory Surgical Centers. J Surg Educ 2021; 78:1825-1837. [PMID: 34092534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) become more common in academic medical centers, large hospital systems must determine how to shift resident education from inpatient to outpatient surgical centers. This study aims to define stakeholders' views regarding the integration of surgical residents into ASCs. DESIGN Long-form interviews lasting 30 to 60 minutes were conducted. Interviews were hand-transcribed and analyzed by qualitative analysis to determine benefits of learning in ASCs for residents, challenges that arise from integrating residents, and recommendations to improve resident incorporation. SETTING Interviews were conducted using a video conferencing platform. PARTICIPANTS Residency program directors, attending surgeons, graduate medical learners, and a nursing manager were interviewed. Twenty-one total interviews were conducted, representing ten different departments. RESULTS Stakeholders agreed that residents benefit from being placed in ASCs because the fast, surgical pace allows the residents to engage in more cases. However, different stakeholders highlighted different challenges, all centered around the notion of inter-stakeholder conflict due to conflicting priorities among residents, attending physicians, and administration. Likewise, recommendations differed by stakeholder group-faculty members sought more defined learning objectives and enhanced communication, whereas residents desired that ambulatory surgical time be more structured. CONCLUSIONS Despite the pressures of rapid case turnover, stakeholders agreed that there are many benefits to resident education in ASCs. Findings related to challenges and recommendations support the need to strengthen communication between stakeholder groups and better plan for resident integration into ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Zale
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | - Ashley Zhou
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Lai
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Minyoung Jang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela A Lipsett
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjay V Desai
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura A Hanyok
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Tirumalai AA, George EL, Kashikar A, Langston AH, Rothenberg KA, Barreto NB, Trickey AW, Arya S. Gender Disparity in Surgical Society Leadership and Annual Meeting Programs. J Surg Res 2021; 266:69-76. [PMID: 33984733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior work suggests women surgical role models attract more female medical students into surgical training. We investigate recent trends of women in surgical society leadership and national conference moderator and plenary speaker roles. METHODS Gender distribution was surveyed at 15 major surgical societies and 14 conferences from 2014 to 2018 using publicly reported data. Roles were categorized as leadership (executive council), moderator, or plenary speaker. Data were cross-checked from online profiles and by contacting societies. Logistic regression with Huber-White clustering by society was utilized to evaluate proportions of women in each role over time and determine associations between the proportion of women in executive leadership, and scientific session moderators and plenary speakers. RESULTS The proportion of leadership positions held by women increased slightly from 2014 to 2018 (20.6%-26.6%, P = 0.23), as did the proportion of moderators (26.2%-30.6%, P = 0.027) and plenary speakers (26.2%-30.9%, P = 0.058). The proportion of women in each role varied significantly across societies (all P < 0.001): leaders (range 0.0%-52.0%), moderators (12.5%-58.8%), and plenary speakers (11.3%-60.0%). Three patterns of change were observed: eight societies (53.3%) demonstrated increases in representation of women over time, four societies (26.6%) showed stable moderate-to-good gender balance, and three societies (20.0%) had consistent underrepresentation of women. CONCLUSION There is significant variability in the representation of women at the leadership level of national surgical societies and participating at national surgical conferences as moderators and plenary speakers. Over the past 5 years some societies have achieved advances in gender equity, but many societies still have substantial room for improvement.
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Yan Q, Jiang Z, Clothier WT, Treffalls JA, Fox-Good CG, Davies MG. Recruiting trainees to surgery in the United States and Canadian system - What strategies are effective? Am J Surg 2021; 221:410-23. [PMID: 33317811 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing concerns regarding the declining number of medical students entering surgical residencies. The aim of this study is to analyze strategies and outcomes to enhance recruitment to the surgical specialties. METHODS A systematic literature PRISMA-based search was performed. Study quality and bias were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using DerSimonian Laird method. RESULTS Of 3288 unique titles identified, 73 studies met inclusion criteria. Median study unique sample size was 84 participants (range 15-910). Subjective interest was reported in 59 studies, while objective match rate was reported by only 21 studies. The cumulative odds of students interested in the studied specialty was 1.98 (95% CI 1.47-2.67, I2 = 0%) and in any surgical specialty was 1.40 (95% 1.01-1.95, I2 = 37%) after an intervention compared to baseline. CONCLUSION While studies show increased odds of "interested in" a surgical specialty, the results may be subject to high selective and confounding biases.
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Boo YJ, Lee EH, Lee JS. Comparison of surgical outcomes among infants in neonatal intensive care units treated by pediatric surgeons versus general surgeons: The need for pediatric surgery specialists. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1715-1717. [PMID: 28189454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the outcomes of infants who underwent surgery in neonatal intensive care units by pediatric surgeons and by general surgeons. METHODS This was a retrospective study of infants who underwent surgery in neonatal intensive care units between 2010 and 2014. A total of 227 patients were included. Of these patients, 116 were operated on by pediatric surgeons (PS) and 111 were operated on by general surgeons (GS). The outcome measures were the overall rate of operative complications, unplanned reoperation, mortality rate, length of stay, operative time, and number of total number of operative procedures. RESULTS The overall operative complication rate was higher in the GS group compared with the PS group (18.7% vs. 7.0%, p=0.0091). The rate of unplanned reoperations was also higher in the GS group (10.8% vs. 3.5%, p=0.0331). The median operation time (90min vs. 75min, p=0.0474) and median length of stay (24days vs. 18days, p=0.0075) were significantly longer in the GS group. The adjusted odd ratios of postoperative complications for GS were 2.9 times higher than that of PS (OR 2.90, p=0.0352). CONCLUSIONS The operative quality and patient outcomes of the PS group were superior to those of the GS group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Boo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Department of Medical Statistics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Amaral C, Guimarães Pereira L, Moreto A, Sá AC, Azevedo A. The postoperative venous thromboembolism (TREVO) study - risk and case mortality by surgical specialty. Rev Port Cardiol 2017; 36:609-616. [PMID: 28867599 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Venous thromboembolism, risk of which is increased in surgical patients, is a preventable cause of morbidity and death. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of symptomatic postoperative venous thromboembolism in adults at a tertiary university hospital, overall and by surgical specialty. The secondary objective was to analyze severity of and mortality from thromboembolic events. METHODS We performed a retrospective study to identify cases of in-hospital postoperative venous thromboembolism, encoded by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, according to the Joint Commission International criteria. Adult patients admitted for surgery in 2008-2012 were included. RESULTS Among 67 635 hospitalizations, 90 cases of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism were identified, corresponding to an incidence of 1.33/1000 admissions (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.6/1000). Neurosurgery had the highest risk (4.07/1000), followed by urological surgery and general surgery (p<0.001). There were 50 cases of pulmonary embolism, 11 of which were fatal. Of the 90 cases, 12.2% occurred under neuraxial anesthesia and 55.1% in patients with American Society of Anesthesiology III physical status. At least 37.7% of patients with events received a prophylactic dose of injectable anticoagulant postoperatively. The overall risk decreased from 2008 to 2012. Venous thromboembolism-associated mortality during hospitalization was 21.1% (95% CI 13.6-30.4). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism was 1.33/1000. Neurosurgery showed the greatest risk. Mortality was 21.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Amaral
- Serviço de Anestesiologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Ana Moreto
- Serviço de Anestesiologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Sá
- Serviço de Anestesiologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Epidemiologia Hospitalar, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Maurice-Szamburski A, Michel P, Loundou A, Auquier P. Validation of the generic medical interview satisfaction scale: the G-MISS questionnaire. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:36. [PMID: 28196503 PMCID: PMC5310066 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients have about seven medical consultations a year. Despite the importance of medical interviews in the healthcare process, there is no generic instrument to assess patients’ experiences in general practices, medical specialties, and surgical specialties. The main objective was to validate a questionnaire assessing patients’ experiences with medical consultations in various practices. Method The G-MISS study was a prospective multi-center trial that enrolled patients from May to July 2016. A total of 2055 patients were included from general practices, medical specialties, and surgical specialties. Patients filled out a questionnaire assessing various aspects of their experience and satisfaction within 1 week after their medical interview. The validation process relied on item response theory. Internal validity was examined using exploratory factorial analysis. The statistical model used the root mean square error of approximation, confirmatory fit index, and standard root mean square residual as fit indices. Scalability and reliability were assessed with the Rasch model and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. Scale properties across the three subgroups were explored with differential item functioning. Results The G-MISS final questionnaire contained 16 items, structured in three dimensions of patients’ experiences: “Relief”, “Communication”, and “Compliance”. A global index of patients’ experiences was computed as the mean of the dimension scores. All fit indices from the statistical model were satisfactory (RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.06). The overall scalability had a good fit to the Rasch model. Each dimension was reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.73 to 0.86. Differential item functioning across the three consultation settings was negligible. Patients undergoing medical or surgical specialties reported higher scores in the “Relief” dimension compared with general practice (83.0 ± 11.6 or 82.4 ± 11.6 vs. 73.2 ± 16.7; P < .001). A consultation shorter than 5 min correlated with low patient satisfaction in “Relief” and “Communication” and in the global index, P < .001. Conclusions The G-MISS questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing patients’ experiences after consultations with general practitioners, medical specialists, and surgical specialists. The multidimensional structure relies on item response theory and assesses different aspects of patients’ experiences that could be useful in clinical practice and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Maurice-Szamburski
- Laboratoire Universitaire EA 3279, Santé Publique et Maladies Chroniques, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France.
| | - Pierre Michel
- Laboratoire Universitaire EA 3279, Santé Publique et Maladies Chroniques, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Unité d'aide méthodologique, Direction de la Recherche Clinique, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Laboratoire Universitaire EA 3279, Santé Publique et Maladies Chroniques, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
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Castellanos-González JA, Torres-Martínez V, Martínez-Ruiz A, Fuentes-Orozco C, Rendón-Félix J, Irusteta-Jiménez L, Márquez-Valdez AR, Cortés-Lares JA, González-Ojeda A. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in residents of surgical specialties. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:108. [PMID: 27422541 PMCID: PMC4947365 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dry eye syndrome in a group of Mexican residents of different surgical specialties. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study where the residents were studied using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, together with diagnostic tests for dry eye syndrome, such as tear breakup time, Oxford Schema, Schirmer’s test I, and meibomian gland dysfunction testing. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical variables and student’s t-test for quantitative variables. Any P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results One hundred and twenty-three residents were included (246 eyes); 90 (73 %) were male and 33 (27 %) were female. The mean age was 27.8 ± 2.1 years. A higher number of residents with dry eye syndrome was found in the cardiothoracic surgery (75 %) and otorhinolaryngology (71 %) specialties; 70 % of them reported ocular symptoms, with teardrop quality involvement in >50 % of them. Conclusions We found a prevalence of 56 % for mild-to-moderate/severe stages of the condition. Their presence in the operating room predisposes surgical residents to dry eye syndrome because of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Castellanos-González
- Ophthalmology Department, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Verónica Torres-Martínez
- Ophthalmology Department, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Martínez-Ruiz
- Ophthalmology Department, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rendón-Félix
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico
| | - Leire Irusteta-Jiménez
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico
| | - Aída Rebeca Márquez-Valdez
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Cortés-Lares
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Specialties Hospital - Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Belisario Dominguez 1000, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44240, Mexico.
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