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Huang S, Ding D, Lan T, He G, Ren J, Liang R, Zhong H, Chen G, Lu X, Shuai X, Wei B. Multifunctional nanodrug performs sonodynamic therapy and inhibits TGF-β to boost immune response against colorectal cancer and liver metastasis. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:538-552. [PMID: 37037269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is ineffective due to its immunological cold tumor nature. Herein, we prepared a nanodrug (NCG) encapsulating the transforming growth factor-β receptor inhibitor galunisertib (Gal) and the sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), which was aimed to turn this type of cold tumor into a hot one to promote the ICB-based immunotherapy against it. After delivery to the tumor, NCG under ultrasonic irradiation generated reactive oxygen species causing tumor immunogenic cell death and releasing immunostimulatory signals such as calreticulin and HMGB1, which increased tumor immunogenicity and activated the innate T lymphocyte immune response. Moreover, NCG responded to the acidic microenvironment and released Gal, inhibiting phosphorylation and inducing immunosuppressive Smad2/3 signaling. Consequently, the differentiation of MDSCs was inhibited, M1-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages was induced, and the immunosuppressive barrier of tumor-associated fibroblasts was destroyed to increase the infiltration of effector T cells, which reversed the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment and improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Notably, in the liver metastasis mouse model, combination therapy using NCG (+) and aPD-L1 inhibited the growth of colon cancer liver metastasis, manifesting potential in treating this popular yet intractable malignancy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Only a limited number of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastasis can benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy, as most of them are microsatellite stable, immunologically cold tumors. Interestingly, there is compelling evidence that sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can convert immunosuppressed cold tumors into hot ones, trigger tumor immunogenic cell death non-invasively, and boost cytotoxic T cells infiltration. However, its therapeutic efficacy is constrained by the abundance of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we reported a TGF-β-targeted inhibitory nanodrug that improved SDT in colon cancer and liver metastasis, reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and boosted the immune response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in this cancer. It demonstrated the potential to cure this prevalent but incurable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbing Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyun Lan
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongpu Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihai Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengjia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zheng Y, Tang L, Mabardi L, Kumari S, Irvine DJ. Enhancing Adoptive Cell Therapy of Cancer through Targeted Delivery of Small-Molecule Immunomodulators to Internalizing or Noninternalizing Receptors. ACS Nano 2017; 11:3089-3100. [PMID: 28231431 PMCID: PMC5647839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has achieved striking efficacy in B-cell leukemias, but less success treating other cancers, in part due to the rapid loss of ACT T-cell effector function in vivo due to immunosuppression in solid tumors. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is an important mechanism of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, but systemic inhibition of TGF-β is toxic. Here we evaluated the potential of targeting a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β to ACT T-cells using PEGylated immunoliposomes. Liposomes were prepared that released TGF-β inhibitor over ∼3 days in vitro. We compared the impact of targeting these drug-loaded vesicles to T-cells via an internalizing receptor (CD90) or noninternalizing receptor (CD45). When lymphocytes were preloaded with immunoliposomes in vitro prior to adoptive therapy, vesicles targeted to both CD45 and CD90 promoted enhanced T-cell expression of granzymes relative to free systemic drug administration, but only targeting to CD45 enhanced accumulation of granzyme-expressing T-cells in tumors, which correlated with the greatest enhancement of T-cell antitumor activity. By contrast, when administered i.v. to target T-cells in vivo, only targeting of a CD90 isoform expressed exclusively by the donor T-cells led to greater tumor regression over equivalent doses of free systemic drug. These results suggest that in vivo, targeting of receptors uniquely expressed by donor T-cells is of paramount importance for maximal efficacy. This immunoliposome strategy should be broadly applicable to target exogenous or endogenous T-cells and defines parameters to optimize delivery of supporting (or suppressive) drugs to these important immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zheng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Llian Mabardi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to D.J.I., Darrell J. Irvine, MIT Room 76-261, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Telephone: 617-452-4174. Fax: 617-452-3293.
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