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Gu L, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Li J, Yang M, Wang L, Rong S. TLR13 contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by increasing insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13181. [PMID: 35088922 PMCID: PMC8891551 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stimulates muscle wasting, but the molecular processes behind the resistance are undetermined. However, inflammation in skeletal muscle is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cachexia. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are known to regulate local innate immune responses, and microarray data have shown that Tlr13 is upregulated in the muscles of mice with CKD, but the relevance is unknown. Materials and Methods We performed in vitro experiments in C2C12 myotubes and constructed a CKD murine model using subtotal nephrectomy to conduct experiments in vivo. Results Tlr13 expression was stimulated in C2C12 myotubes treated with uremic serum. The expression of Tlr13 was also upregulated in the tibialis anterior muscles of mice with CKD. Tlr13 knockdown with siRNAs in skeletal muscle cells decreased insulin resistance despite the inclusion of uremic serum. This led to increased levels of p‐AKT and suppression of protein degradation. Using immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we found that TLR13 recruits IRF3, which activates Irf3 expression, resulting in decreased AKT activity. Moreover, insulin resistance and proteolysis are re‐induced by Irf3 overexpression under Tlr13 deletion. Conclusions Our results indicate that TLR13 is involved in CKD‐mediated insulin resistance in muscle. In catabolic conditions where insulin signaling is impaired, targeting TLR13 may improve insulin sensitivity and prevent muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayong Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yu X, Liang Y, Zhou Y, He L, Liu Y, Fu L, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lu D. 23S rRNA from Vibrio parahaemolyticus regulates the innate immune response via recognition by TLR13 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103837. [PMID: 32841623 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are major pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and mount effective immune responses. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main pathogen that causes vibriosis in aquatic animals, yet the mechanisms of its recognition by innate immune system in teleost fish remain unknown. Here, the results reveal that TLR13 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcTLR13) recognizes a conserved 23S ribosomal RNA (23S rRNA) sequence in V. parahaemolyticus, and the 13-nucleotide motif near the 23S rRNA ribozyme activation site (VP13) acts as a PAMP. After challenge with RNA and 23S rRNA from V. parahaemolyticus and with the synthetic oligoribonucleotide VP13, the expression of EcTLR13 in grouper spleen cells (GS cells) was significantly increased. EcTLR13-knockdowned GS cells were stimulated with the same stimulants as listed above, the expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β and TNFα was significantly reduced. RNA-protein immunoprecipitation revealed that VP13 could directly bind to EcTLR13. The dual-luciferase reporter assay also showed that EcTLR13 enhanced the fluorescence activity of IFNβ rather than that of NF-κB when the cells were challenged with RNA from V. parahaemolyticus or with synthetic VP13. Our study established the mechanism of fish TLR13-mediated recognition of microbial products during V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China
| | - Yaosi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Hafner A, Kolbe U, Freund I, Castiglia V, Kovarik P, Poth T, Herster F, Weigand MA, Weber ANR, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. Crucial Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing via Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors for the Defense of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30846984 PMCID: PMC6394247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen causing a variety of diseases ranging from common pharyngitis to life-threatening soft tissue infections and sepsis. Microbial nucleic acids, especially bacterial RNA, have recently been recognized as a major group of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) involved in the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes via endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in vitro. However, the individual contribution and cooperation between TLRs as well as cell-type and strain specific differences in dependency on nucleic acid detection during S. pyogenes infection in vitro have not been clarified in detail. Moreover, the role of particularly bacterial RNA for the defense of S. pyogenes infection in vivo remains poorly defined. In this study, we report that in all investigated innate immune cells involved in the resolution of bacterial infections, including murine macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, recognition of S. pyogenes strain ATCC12344 is almost completely dependent on nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs at lower MOIs, whereas at higher MOIs, detection via TLR2 plays an additional, yet redundant role. We further demonstrate that different S. pyogenes strains display a considerable inter-strain variability with respect to their nucleic acid dependent recognition. Moreover, TLR13-dependent recognition of S. pyogenes RNA is largely non-redundant in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), but less relevant in neutrophils and bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) for the induction of an innate immune response in vitro. In vivo, we show that a loss of nucleic acid sensing blunts early recognition of S. pyogenes, leading to a reduced local containment of the bacterial infection with subsequent pronounced systemic inflammation at later time points. Thus, our results argue for a crucial role of nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs in defense of S. pyogenes infection both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hafner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kolbe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginia Castiglia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Herster
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pelka K, Bertheloot D, Reimer E, Phulphagar K, Schmidt SV, Christ A, Stahl R, Watson N, Miyake K, Hacohen N, Haas A, Brinkmann MM, Marshak-Rothstein A, Meissner F, Latz E. The Chaperone UNC93B1 Regulates Toll-like Receptor Stability Independently of Endosomal TLR Transport. Immunity 2019; 48:911-922.e7. [PMID: 29768176 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unc-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of nucleic acid (NA)-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Loss of NA-sensing TLR responses in UNC93B1-deficient patients facilitates Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. UNC93B1 is thought to guide NA-sensing TLRs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to their respective endosomal signaling compartments and to guide the flagellin receptor TLR5 to the cell surface, raising the question of how UNC93B1 mediates differential TLR trafficking. Here, we report that UNC93B1 regulates a step upstream of the differential TLR trafficking process. We discovered that UNC93B1 deficiency resulted in near-complete loss of TLR3 and TLR7 proteins in primary splenic mouse dendritic cells and macrophages, showing that UNC93B1 is critical for maintaining TLR expression. Notably, expression of an ER-retained UNC93B1 version was sufficient to stabilize TLRs and largely restore endosomal TLR trafficking and activity. These data are critical for an understanding of how UNC93B1 can regulate the function of a broad subset of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pelka
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; IFM Therapeutics GmbH, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa Reimer
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kshiti Phulphagar
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Rainer Stahl
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicki Watson
- W.M. Keck Microscopy Facility, the Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108 8639, Japan; Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108 8639, Japan
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert Haas
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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Cui J, Gao Y, Chu Q, Bi D, Xu T. miRNA-8159 is involved in TLR signaling pathway regulation after pathogen infection by direct targeting TLR13 in miiuy croaker. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 66:531-539. [PMID: 28546024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the recognition of immune reactions against invading pathogens. The molecular regulation mechanisms of TLR expression in aquatic organisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are critical adjustors of immune signaling pathway at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in intricate networks of host-pathogen interactions and innate immunity. The critical role of TLRs in host defense for discerning certain kinds of pathogen associated molecular patternsand striking a cascade immune response in fish have been demonstrated. Miiuy croaker TLR13 significantly increased after infection with Vibrio anguillarum, which suggests that mmiTLR13 plays an important role in innate immunity. In this study, the role of miR-8159 was explored in regulating TLR13, which is involved in inflammatory responses in miiuy croakers. Bioinformatics was used to predict miR-8159, which has a direct negative regulatory effect on TLR13 in miiuy croaker. Afterward, the dual luciferase reporter assay containing miRNA mimics or inhibitors and pre-miR-8159 showed that miR-8159 was the direct negative regulator of TLR13 in miiuy croaker. Moreover, miR-8159 downregulated the expression of TLR13 in the transcription level. The expression of miR-8159 could be upregulated by V. anguillarum challenged miiuy croaker and LPS exposure macrophages. Thus, miR-8159 could be induced by V. anguillarum and may function as a negative regulator of TLR13 in the immune response of miiuy croakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Cui
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Dekun Bi
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Wang Y, Bi X, Chu Q, Xu T. Discovery of toll-like receptor 13 exists in the teleost fish: Miiuy croaker (Perciformes, Sciaenidae). Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 61:25-33. [PMID: 26952767 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an indispensable role in the immune response for pathogen recognition and triggering not only innate immunity but also adaptive immunity. Here we report the TLR13 homologue, one member of TLRs, in Perciformes (especially Sciaenidae). And we used the miiuy croaker as represented species for further functional experiments. Former study reported the TLR13 only expressed in murine, and we are the first to report the teleost TLR13 (mmiTLR13). MmiTLR13 expressed highly in immune defense related tissues, such as the liver, spleen, and kidney, and Vibrio anguillarum or poly(I:C) infection showed the immune response of mmiTLR13. Further luciferase reporter assays showed the ability for activation of ISRE luciferase reporter, but it failed to active NF-κB. And further gene silence by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) confirmed the results. Immunofluorescence of mmiTLR13 presents the cytoplasmic distribution in Hela cell. In addition, the Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain of mammal TLR5 exhibits high identity with TLR13, which indicated the high homology between TLR5 and TLR13. These findings will lay the fundamental cornerstone for further research of teleost TLR13 and expand the horizon for better understand the teleost TLRs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Xueyi Bi
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Hochrein H, Kirschning CJ. Bacteria evade immune recognition via TLR13 and binding of their 23S rRNA by MLS antibiotics by the same mechanisms. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23141. [PMID: 23802068 PMCID: PMC3661153 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system recognizes pathogens and other danger by means of pattern recognition receptors. Recently, we have demonstrated that the orphan Toll-like receptor 13 (TLR13) senses a defined sequence of the bacterial rRNA and that bacteria use specific mechanisms to evade macrolide lincosamide streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics detection via TLR13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus Hochrein
- Department of Research Immunology; Bavarian Nordic GmbH; Martinsried, Germany
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