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Kulprachakarn K, Chaipoot S, Phongphisutthinant R, Paradee N, Prommaban A, Ounjaijean S, Rerkasem K, Parklak W, Prakit K, Saengsitthisak B, Chansiw N, Pangjit K, Boonyapranai K. Antioxidant Potential and Cytotoxic Effect of Isoflavones Extract from Thai Fermented Soybean (Thua-Nao). Molecules 2021; 26:7432. [PMID: 34946514 PMCID: PMC8705088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thua-nao, or Thai fermented soybeans, is a traditional Lanna fermented food in Northern Thailand. It is produced by using a specific bacterial species called Bacillus subtilis var. Thua-nao. We investigated the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect of isoflavones from Thua-nao. The phenolic compound contents and total flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was examined using the ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays. The isoflavone contents and phenolic compositions were examined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. The ability of isoflavones to inhibit human cancer cell growth was assessed by the MTT assay. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of the isoflavones were 49.00 ± 0.51 mg GAE/g of dry extract (DE), 10.76 ± 0.82 mg QE/g of DE, 61.03 ± 0.97 µmol Trolox/g of DE, 66.54 ± 3.97 µM FeSO4/g of DE, and 22.47 ± 1.92% of DPPH inhibition, respectively. Additionally, the isoflavone extracts from Thua-nao had high isoflavone contents and polyphenolic compound compositions, especially daidzein and genistein. The isoflavone demonstrated a weak inhibition of MCF-7 and HEK293 cancer cell growth. It has a high antioxidant component, which is beneficial and can be developed for new therapeutic uses. However, further studies on the benefits of Thua-nao should be performed for realizing better and more effective uses soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Research Group (EOHS and NCD Research Group), Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.R.); (W.P.)
| | - Supakit Chaipoot
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rewat Phongphisutthinant
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (R.P.)
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adchara Prommaban
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Research Group (EOHS and NCD Research Group), Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.R.); (W.P.)
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Research Group (EOHS and NCD Research Group), Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.R.); (W.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wason Parklak
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Research Group (EOHS and NCD Research Group), Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.R.); (W.P.)
| | - Kanittha Prakit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand; (K.P.); (B.S.)
| | | | - Nittaya Chansiw
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Kanjana Pangjit
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Kongsak Boonyapranai
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Research Group (EOHS and NCD Research Group), Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.R.); (W.P.)
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