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Tiwari RK, Gupta CL, Bajpai P. Impelling TLR9: Road to perspective vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis. Drug Dev Res 2020; 83:222-224. [PMID: 32216115 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in immunotherapy have shown enthusiasm in exploring Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for designing therapeutical interventions against numerous deadly diseases. TLRs are subfamily of pathogen recognition receptor playing pivotal role in innate immunity. TLR9 is one such critical member belonging to intracellular TLRs which is associated with mounting inflammatory response in response to intruders. Explorative studies have shown CG motifs from the prokaryotic origin as activators of TLR9 culminating in the expression of NFκB. These CG rich short stranded DNA sequences have been further delineated into different classes based on their structural specificities and immunomodulatory properties. Here we discuss the progress of how activation of TLR9 can be utilized with novel parasitic CpG islands to function as potential adjuvants specifically against protozoan parasitic diseases primarily visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chhedi Lal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Bajpai
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Borzutzky A, Rauter I, Fried A, Rachid R, McDonald DR, Hammarstrom L, Grimbacher B, Abraham RS, Geha RS. Defective TLR9-driven STAT3 activation in B cells of patients with CVID. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:40-44. [PMID: 30145329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B cell activation by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands is dependent on STAT3 and is important for optimal antibody responses to microbial antigens. B cells from patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) have impaired proliferation and differentiation in response to the TLR9 ligand CpG, despite normal levels of TLR9 expression. We demonstrate that CpG-driven STAT3 phosphorylation, but not activation of NFκB and p38, is selectively impaired in B cells from CVID patients. These results suggest that defective STAT3 activation contributes to the defective TLR9 and antibody response of B cells in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Borzutzky
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ingrid Rauter
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ari Fried
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas R McDonald
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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