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Wu Y, Qian Q, Liu Q, Wang R, Pu X, Li Y, Zhang H, You Z, Miao Q, Xiao X, Lian M, Wang Q, Nakamura M, Gershwin ME, Li Z, Ma X, Tang R. Osteoporosis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Trans-ethnic Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08986-4. [PMID: 38554235 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in many autoimmune diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the most common autoimmune liver disease. Osteoporosis is a major cause of fracture and related mortality. However, it remains unclear whether PBC confers a causally risk-increasing effect on osteoporosis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between PBC and osteoporosis and whether the relationship is independent of potential confounders. We performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between PBC (8021 cases and 16,489 controls) and osteoporosis in Europeans (the UK Biobank and FinnGen Consortium: 12,787 cases and 726,996 controls). The direct effect of PBC on osteoporosis was estimated using multivariable MR analyses. An independent replication was conducted in East Asians (PBC: 2495 cases and 4283 controls; osteoporosis: 9794 cases and 168,932 controls). Trans-ethnic meta-analysis was performed by pooling the MR estimates of Europeans and East Asians. Inverse-variance weighted analyses revealed that genetic liability to PBC was associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in Europeans (OR, 1.040; 95% CI, 1.016-1.064; P = 0.001). Furthermore, the causal effect of PBC on osteoporosis persisted after adjusting for BMI, calcium, lipidemic traits, and sex hormones. The causal relationship was further validated in the East Asians (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.023-1.096; P = 0.001). Trans-ethnic meta-analysis confirmed that PBC conferred increased risk on osteoporosis (OR, 1.045; 95% CI, 1.025-1.067; P = 8.17 × 10-6). Our data supports a causal effect of PBC on osteoporosis, and the causality is independent of BMI, calcium, triglycerides, and several sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qiwei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiting Pu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Department of Hepatology, Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura City, Nagasaki, 856-8562, Japan
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Qingdao University, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Xu C, Ruan X, Mueck AO. Progress in genome-wide association studies of age at natural menopause. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:607-622. [PMID: 36572578 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is not only the end of reproductive life, it is also related to diseases such as hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and breast cancer. Traditional epidemiological studies have found that heredity is the main determinant of age at natural menopause (ANM). Early studies on genetic factors were limited to candidate gene studies. Menopause age is not inherited by a single gene, but is the result of multiple gene effects. With the development of genomic technology, the Reproductive Genetics Consortium conducted several genome-wide association studies on ANM in people of European descent, and found that defects in DNA damage repair pathways were the main genetic mechanism. In recent years, due to the ethnic heterogeneity of ANM, there has been further development of global studies into multi-ethnic and trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies. Further genetic and epidemiological studies, including polygenetic score and genetic mechanism research, should be conducted to investigate the pathogenesis and mechanism with respect to menopause and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Xu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China; University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China; University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Alvarez-Silva C, Kashani A, Hansen TH, Pinna NK, Anjana RM, Dutta A, Saxena S, Støy J, Kampmann U, Nielsen T, Jørgensen T, Gnanaprakash V, Gnanavadivel R, Sukumaran A, Rani CSS, Færch K, Radha V, Balasubramanyam M, Nair GB, Das B, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Mande SS, Mohan V, Arumugam M, Pedersen O. Trans-ethnic gut microbiota signatures of type 2 diabetes in Denmark and India. Genome Med 2021; 13:37. [PMID: 33658058 PMCID: PMC7931542 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a multifactorial disease influenced by host genetics and environmental factors, is the most common endocrine disease. Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota as a close-up environmental mediator influences host physiology including metabolism. The aim of the present study is to examine the compositional and functional potential of the gut microbiota across individuals from Denmark and South India with a focus on T2D. Many earlier studies have investigated the microbiome aspects of T2D, and it has also been anticipated that such microbial associations would be dependent on diet and ethnic origin. However, there has been no large scale trans-ethnic microbiome study earlier in this direction aimed at evaluating any “universal” microbiome signature of T2D. Methods 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on stool samples from 279 Danish and 294 Indian study participants. Any differences between the gut microbiota of both populations were explored using diversity measures and negative binomial Wald tests. Study samples were stratified to discover global and country-specific microbial signatures for T2D and treatment with the anti-hyperglycemic drug, metformin. To identify taxonomical and functional signatures of the gut microbiota for T2D and metformin treatment, we used alpha and beta diversity measures and differential abundances analysis, comparing metformin-naive T2D patients, metformin-treated T2D patients, and normoglycemic individuals. Results Overall, the gut microbial communities of Danes and Indians are compositionally very different. By analyzing the combined study materials, we identify microbial taxonomic and functional signatures for T2D and metformin treatment. T2D patients have an increased relative abundance of two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the Lachnospiraceae family, and a decreased abundance of Subdoligranulum and Butyricicoccus. Studying each population per se, we identified T2D-related microbial changes at the taxonomic level within the Danish population only. Alpha diversity indices show that there is no significant difference between normoglycemic individuals and metformin-naive T2D patients, whereas microbial richness is significantly decreased in metformin-treated T2D patients compared to metformin-naive T2D patients and normoglycemic individuals. Enrichment of two OTUs from Bacteroides and depletion of Faecalibacterium constitute a trans-ethnic signature of metformin treatment. Conclusions We demonstrate major compositional differences of the gut microbiota between Danish and South Indian individuals, some of which may relate to differences in ethnicity, lifestyle, and demography. By comparing metformin-naive T2D patients and normoglycemic individuals, we identify T2D-related microbiota changes in the Danish and Indian study samples. In the present trans-ethnic study, we confirm that metformin changes the taxonomic profile and functional potential of the gut microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00856-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Alvarez-Silva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alireza Kashani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Danish Academy of Diabetes, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Kløvervænget 6, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tue Haldor Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Nishal Kumar Pinna
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 54B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 54B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Shruti Saxena
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infections and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Julie Støy
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Hedeager 3, 2. sal, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Hedeager 3, 2. sal, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Danish Academy of Diabetes, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Kløvervænget 6, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Visvanathan Gnanaprakash
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Rameshkumar Gnanavadivel
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Aswath Sukumaran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | | | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Hedeager 3, 2. sal, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | | | - Gopinath Balakrish Nair
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infections and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infections and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sharmila Shekhar Mande
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 54B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Bowker N, Shah RL, Sharp SJ, Luan J, Stewart ID, Wheeler E, Ferreira MAR, Baras A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Lotta LA. Meta-analysis investigating the role of interleukin-6 mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103062. [PMID: 33096487 PMCID: PMC7581887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from animal models and observational epidemiology points to a role for chronic inflammation, in which interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a key player, in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether IL-6 mediated inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of T2D. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 15 prospective studies to investigate associations between IL-6 levels and incident T2D including 5,421 cases and 31,562 non-cases. We also estimated the association of a loss-of-function missense variant (Asp358Ala) in the IL-6 receptor gene (IL6R), previously shown to mimic the effects of IL-6R inhibition, in a large trans-ethnic meta-analysis of six T2D case-control studies including 260,614 cases and 1,350,640 controls. FINDINGS In a meta-analysis of 15 prospective studies, higher levels of IL-6 (per log pg/mL) were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D (1·24 95% CI, 1·17, 1·32; P = 1 × 10-12). In a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of 260,614 cases and 1,350,640 controls, the IL6R Asp358Ala missense variant was associated with lower odds of T2D (OR, 0·98; 95% CI, 0·97, 0·99; P = 2 × 10-7). This association was not due to diagnostic misclassification and was consistent across ethnic groups. IL-6 levels mediated up to 5% of the association between higher body mass index and T2D. INTERPRETATION Large-scale human prospective and genetic data provide evidence that IL-6 mediated inflammation is implicated in the etiology of T2D but suggest that the impact of this pathway on disease risk in the general population is likely to be small. FUNDING The EPICNorfolk study has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/N003284/1, MC-UU_12015/1 and MC_PC_13048) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136). The Fenland Study is funded by the MRC (MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_PC_13046).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bowker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rupal L Shah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel A R Ferreira
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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