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Chang MC, Seok HG, Choo YJ, Lee GW. The Comparison Between Transarticular Screw Fixation and Segmental Screw-Rod Fixation for Posterior Fusion of the C1-2 Segment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e1007-e1014. [PMID: 35643403 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both transarticular screw fixation (TAS) and segmental screw-rod fixation (SF) have been widely performed for C1-2 fusion; however, just only small clinical studies and a few meta-analyses comparing the 2 surgical techniques for C1-2 posterior fusion have been reported. METHODS We searched the Cochrane, Embase, and Medline databases for articles comparing the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of TAS and SF for C1-2 posterior fusion with April 14, 2022, as the publication cutoff date. The odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference were used to analyze differences in outcomes between the 2 abovementioned surgical techniques. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 5101 publications were assessed, and 6 studies were finally included in the study. In terms of the fusion rate, SF produced significantly better outcomes than TAS did (OR = 2.96, P = 0.02). With respect to surgical outcomes, blood loss and operation times were significantly lower in the TAS group than those in the SF group (P = 0.008 and P < 0.00001, respectively). The rate of vertebral artery injury was significantly lower in the SF group than that in the TAS group (OR = 3.95, P = 0.04). However, other complications, such as screw malposition, infection, hardware failure, and nonunion, were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS SF showed a greater fusion rate and lower risk of vertebral artery injury than TAS did, but TAS showed less blood loss and lower operation times than SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gyu Seok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Choo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
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Thomas P, Amoo M, Horan J, Husien MB, Cawley D, Nagaria J, Bolger C. Technical outcome of atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation without supplementary posterior construct for rheumatoid arthritis. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32754359 PMCID: PMC7395536 DOI: 10.25259/sni_342_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background transarticular screw (TAS) fixation without a supplementary posterior construct, even in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, provides sufficient stability with acceptable clinical results. Here, we present our experience with 15 RA patients who underwent atlantoaxial (AA) TAS fixation without utilizing a supplementary posterior fusion. Methods To treat AA instability, all 15 RA patients underwent C1-C2 TAS fixation without a supplementary posterior construct. Patients were followed for at least 24 months. Pre- and postoperative sagittal measures of C1- C2, C2-C7, and C1-C7 angles, atlanto-dens interval (ADI), posterior atlanto-dens interval (PADI), and adjacent segment (i.e., C2-C3) anterior disc height (ADH) were retrospectively recorded from lateral X-ray imaging. The presence or absence of superior migration of the odontoid (SMO), cervical subaxial subluxation, C1-C2 bony fusion, screw pull-out, and screw breakage were also noted. Results There was little difference between the pre- and postoperative studies regarding angles measured. Following TAS fixation, the mean ADI shortened, and mean PADI lengthened. There was no difference in the mean measures of C2-C3 ADH. There was no evidence of SMO pre- or postoperatively. Two patients developed anterior subluxation at C5-C6; one of the two also developed anterior subluxation at C2-C3. All patients subsequently showed C1-C2 bony fusion without screw pull-out or breakage. Conclusion In RA patients who have undergone C1-C2 TAS fixation, eliminating a supplementary posterior fusion resulted in adequate stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acute Services, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Hospital, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Amoo
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jack Horan
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammed Ben Husien
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Cawley
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jabir Nagaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acute Services, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Hospital, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Bolger
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang Y, Li C, Li L, Sun Y, Li Z, Mei Y, Feng X. Design a novel integrated screw for minimally invasive atlantoaxial anterior transarticular screw fixation: a finite element analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:244. [PMID: 32631369 PMCID: PMC7339419 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To design a new type of screw for minimally invasive atlantoaxial anterior transarticular screw (AATS) fixation with a diameter that is significantly thicker than that of traditional screws, threaded structures at both ends, and a porous metal structure in the middle. The use of a porous metal structure can effectively promote bone fusion and compensate for the disadvantages of traditional AATSs in terms of insufficient fixation strength and difficulty of bone fusion. The biomechanical stability of this screw was verified through finite element analysis. This instrument may provide a new surgical option for the treatment of atlantoaxial disorders. METHODS According to the surgical procedure, the new type of AATS was placed in a three-dimensional atlantoaxial model to determine the setting of relevant parameters such as the diameter, length, and thread to porous metal ratio of the structure. According to the results of measurement, the feasibility and safety of the new AATS were verified, and a representative finite element model of the upper cervical vertebrae was chosen to establish, and the validity of the model was verified. Then, finite element-based biomechanical analysis was performed using three models, i.e., atlantoaxial posterior pedicle screw fixation, traditional atlantoaxial AATS fixation, and atlantoaxial AATS fixation with the new type of screw, and the biomechanical effectiveness of the novel AATS was verified. RESULTS By measuring the atlantoaxial parameters, the atlantoaxial CT data of the representative 30-year-old normal adult male were selected to create a personalized 3D printing AATS screw. In this case, the design parameters of the new screw were determined as follows: diameter, 6 mm; length of the head thread structure, 10 mm; length of the middle porous metal structure, 8 mm (a middle porous structure containing an annular cylinder ); length of the tail thread structure, 8 mm; and total length, 26 mm. Applying the same load conditions to the atlantoaxial complex along different directions in the established finite element models of the three types of atlantoaxial fusion modes, the immediate stability of the new AATS is similar with Atlantoaxial posterior pedicle screw fixation.They are both superior to traditional atlantoaxial anterior screw fixation.The maximum local stress on the screw head in the atlantoaxial anterior surgery was less than those of traditional atlantoaxial anterior surgery. CONCLUSIONS By measuring relevant atlantoaxial data, we found that screws with a larger diameter can be used in AATS surgery, and the new AATS can make full use of the atlantoaxial lateral mass space and increase the stability of fixation. The finite element analysis and verification revealed that the biomechanical stability of the new AATS was superior to the AATS used in traditional atlantoaxial AATS fixation. The porous metal structure of the new AATS may promote fusion between atlantoaxial joints and allow more effective bone fusion in the minimally invasive anterior approach surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Shandong Weigao Orthopaedic Device co., Ltd., Weihai, 264300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Road 36, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Lvov I, Grin A, Godkov I, Kordonskiy A, Krylov V. Posterior percutaneous transarticular stand-alone screw instrumentation of C1-C2 with endoscopic assistance: A report of two cases. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2019; 32:78-83. [PMID: 31718951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present two cases of minimally invasive posterior transarticular screw fixation of C1-C2. The points for screw insertion were visualized by endoscopy via the instrumental port. A patient with a type III odontoid fracture with subluxation underwent a minimally invasive posterior stand-alone transarticular screw fixation. Despite the application of compression screws, for technical reasons, only minimal compression on the anterior third of the C1-C2 lateral joint was achieved. However, complete fracture fusion was achieved with stable fibrous C1-C2 fusion 2.5 years postoperatively. A second patient with a chronic type II odontoid fracture underwent percutaneous C1-C2 fixation by the same method. After 2 years, fracture fusion and C1-C2 lateral mass ankylosis were achieved. The use of a tubular retractor and endoscopy in stand-alone screw fixation of C1-C2 allows direct visualization of the screw entry point and decreases surgical trauma. This procedure might be an alternative to other methods of transarticular instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lvov
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Grin
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russia; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Russia
| | - Ivan Godkov
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Kordonskiy
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Krylov
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russia; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Russia
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Ryu JI, Bak KH, Kim JM, Chun HJ. Comparison of Transarticular Screw Fixation and C1 Lateral Mass-C2 Pedicle Screw Fixation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Atlantoaxial Instability. World Neurosurg 2016; 99:179-185. [PMID: 28003164 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many surgical procedures have been introduced to manage atlantoaxial instability caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to prevent complications and improve fusion rate. We report the surgical outcome between transarticular screw fixation (TAF) and C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw fixation (C1LM-C2P) in patients with atlantoaxial instability from RA. METHODS Between 2002 and 2012, 58 patients were enrolled in the study. According to surgical procedures, patients were divided into 2 groups: group I who received TAF (n = 33) and group II who received C1LM-C2P (n = 25). Bony fusion was assessed by radiologic comparison immediately after the operation and 1 year postoperatively. In addition, complications and clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, bone fusion was achieved in 32 patients in group I (97%). In group II, the fusion rate was evaluated in 100% of patients. Complications (regardless of neurologic deterioration) were cable loosening and screw malposition in group I and violation into the vertebral canal and spinal canal in group II. There was no statistical significance in fusion rate, clinical outcomes, or complications. The 12-month atlantodental interval after operation for the C1LM-C2P group was significantly lower than that for the TAF group after adjusting for all variables. CONCLUSIONS Two surgical techniques showed a good fusion rate by rigid fixation in the immediate postoperative period and fewer surgery-related complications in patients with RA. Because surgical complications are more likely during the learning curve (as with other surgical techniques), surgeons should carefully evaluate patients before surgery by radiologic and neurologic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Koang Hum Bak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joon Chun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Polli FM, Miscusi M, Forcato S, Raco A. Atlantoaxial anterior transarticular screw fixation: a case series and reappraisal of the technique. Spine J 2015; 15:185-93. [PMID: 25264177 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Atlantoaxial instability is commonly treated with C1-C2 fixation performed via posterior approaches. Although anterior transarticular screw (ATS) fixation, performed with a classic retropharyngeal approach, was described more than 10 years ago, the published literature still lacks a comprehensive analysis of the procedure and a real case series. PURPOSE We report a series of patients treated with atlantoaxial ATS, describing the surgical procedure in detail and discussing advantages and disadvantages of the technique. STUDY DESIGN The study design includes case series and technical report. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 15 patients affected by atlantoaxial instability secondary to trauma, degenerative diseases, or inflammatory diseases. Anterior transarticular screw fixation was performed with anteroposterior open-mouth and lateral intraoperative radiographs. All patients were evaluated radiologically at follow-up to identify bone fusion. RESULTS Anterior transarticular screw was performed successfully in 14 patients without complications. The procedure was aborted in a case of vertebral invagination, and one case required revision surgery owing to C2 articular bone fracture. Solid C1-C2 fusion was achieved in all cases (at 10- to 21-week follow-up) except in an elderly patient affected by severe osteoporosis. No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS Although the procedure is still not widely known, ATS allows the effective and safe treatment of C1-C2 instability even in patients with systemic comorbidities. It offers several advantages over posterior approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maria Polli
- Neurosurgery, Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Miscusi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Stefano Forcato
- Neurosurgery, Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Raco
- Neurosurgery, Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Chung JC, Jung SS, Park KS, Ha HG. Intraoperative vertebral artery angiography to guide c1-2 transarticular screw fixation in a patient with athetoid cerebral palsy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2012; 51:177-81. [PMID: 22639719 PMCID: PMC3358609 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2012.51.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of an athetoid cerebral palsy with quadriparesis caused by kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine, severe spinal stenosis at the cervicomedullary junction, and atlantoaxial instability. The patient improved after the first surgery, which included a C1 total laminectomy and C-arm guided righ side unilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation. C1-2 fixation was not performed on the other side because of an aberrant and dominant vertebral artery (VA). Eight months after the first operation, the patient required revision surgery for persistent neck pain and screw malposition. We used intraoperative VA angiography with simultaneous fluoroscopy for precise image guidance during bilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation. Intraoperative VA angiography allowed the accurate insertion of screws, and can therefore be used to avoid VA injury during C1-2 transarticular screw fixation in comorbid patients with atlantoaxial deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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