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Ramos P, Varandas R, Conceição IL, Grade A, Oliveira MM, Alexandre-Pires G, Rosa F. Diclidophora luscae (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) in pouting, Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the northeast Atlantic; epidemiology, morphology, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2517-2535. [PMID: 35838796 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diclidophora (Monogenea) species are gill parasites with a stenoxenic specificity occurring only in Gadiformes. Epidemiological, morphological, molecular and phylogenetic studies were performed on 594 Diclidophora specimens collected from 213 Trisopterus luscus captured in the northeast Atlantic off the Portuguese coast during 2012, 2013 and 2020. Prevalence, parasite abundance and infection intensity were determined. Positive correlation between fish weight and length and infection intensity was observed. The effects of preservation on the parasite morphological features were studied, highlighting that specimen's identification should be reinforced by molecular studies. A sequence of D. luscae capelanii from T. capelanus captured in the Mediterranean Sea included in the 28S rDNA molecular analysis was nested within a robust D. luscae clade. Data analysis suggested that this species is in fact D. luscae, which is compatible with T. luscus and T. capelanus. The identity of fish hosts was confirmed by barcoding. For the first time, data on the infection parameters is shown, highlighting the importance of including this parasite in the monitoring plans for a holistic approach with possible effects for the management of pouting resources aiming of attaining sustainable development and biodiversity conservation measures, according to the 14th objective of the 2030 agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ramos
- Pathology Laboratory of Aquatic Animals, Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, IPMA,IP., Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal. .,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Varandas
- Centre for Functional Ecology-Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I L Conceição
- Centre for Functional Ecology-Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Grade
- Pathology Laboratory of Aquatic Animals, Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, IPMA,IP., Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M Oliveira
- Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal.,INESC TEC - INESC Technology and Science and FEUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Alexandre-Pires
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon - CIISA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Rosa
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, LA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ramos P, Carvalho R, Rosa F, Alexandre-Pires G, Seixas F, Esteves A, Huffman D. Huffmanela lusitana sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae) infecting pouting, Trisopterus luscus (Teleostei: Gadidae) off the Atlantic coast of Portugal. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 9:266-273. [PMID: 31245277 PMCID: PMC6582075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Some pouting caught off the Atlantic coast of Portugal are discarded as unmarketable due to a dark discolouration of the skin and muscle. This study investigates the cause of this condition, describes the new parasite species responsible, and highlights the importance of educating those in charge of premarket inspection of food fish in order to reduce likelihood that consumers will eat infected fish. Macroscopically, infected fish showed considerable heterogeneity in darkening of the skin and hypaxial and epaxial muscles. Microscopical observation revealed bipolar nematode eggs in varying stages of development arranged in a linear pattern along muscle fibers. Histopathology confirmed the presence of eggs of a nematode of the genus Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 as the cause of muscle darkening and established a relationship between infection intensity and consequent darkened appearance of the tissues. The eggs are oval or barrel-shaped, with a smooth surface and polar plugs at opposite ends. The thin outer vitelline membrane is smooth and lacks ornamentation. Under light microscopy, the main eggshell of older eggs exhibits the outermost delicate and smooth vitelline membrane, and a thicker layer, correspondent to chitinous and chondroitin proteoglycan layers. Scanning electron microscopy of eggs confirmed light microscopic studies, namely the presence of a smooth vitelline membrane surrounding the egg. Microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of eggs, and a new host family in a new geographic area, all suggest that a new species, herein named Huffmanela lusitana sp. n. is involved. Huffmanela lusitana sp. n in Trisopterus luscus. Dark muscle due to Huffmanela eggs. H. lusitana sp. n as the cause of disgusting aspect of infected fish meat. H. lusitana sp. n as a zoonotical potential infection to consumers. H. lusitana sp. n. as a constraint factor of healthy wildlife stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ramos
- Pathology Laboratory of Aquatic Animals, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carvalho
- Centre of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, LA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA-FCT-UID/CVT/00276/2013 - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Centre of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Centre of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - David Huffman
- Department of Biology. 212 Freeman Aquatic Biology Bldg, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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