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Zhang C, Hu J, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo M, Zhang X, Wu Y. Avian reovirus infection activate the cellular unfold protein response and induced apoptosis via ATF6-dependent mechanism. Virus Res 2021; 297:198346. [PMID: 33741393 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infection induced apoptosis in vitro and vivo; nevertheless, the intracellular molecular mechanisms have not been sufficiently revealed. In the previous studies, there have been shown that cellular apoptosis caused by ARV were related with GRP78/IRE1/XBP1 pathway. Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are core molecules in unfold protein response (UPR) and play critical role in ER stress related apoptosis, as well as downstream regulation factors, as Caspase-12 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In this study, we investigated with a focus on the contribution of UPR related signal pathways in the mechanism of ARV mediated apoptosis. Our results showed that the key molecules of UPR pathways proteins, ATF6, PERK and IRE1 as well as Caspase-12 and cleaved-Caspase-3 expression significant increased both in transcript and protein level in ARV infected cultured Vero cells. In the same time, the ARV induces apoptosis was observed by flow cytometric analysis. Further study revealed that when inhibit the UPR effect by 4PBA pretreated or knockdown of ATF6 by lentivirus mediated shRNA abolished the activation effect of UPR, Caspase-12, cleaved-Caspase-3 activation, as well as the apoptosis induction by ARV infection. The present study provides mechanistic insights into that UPR particular ATF6 played critical roles and works upstream of caspase in the process of cellular apoptosis induced by ARV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jiashu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xiuling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yantao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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Zhou C, Li J, Du J, Jiang X, Xu X, Liu Y, He Q, Liang H, Fang P, Zhan H, Zeng H. HMGCS1 drives drug-resistance in acute myeloid leukemia through endoplasmic reticulum-UPR-mitochondria axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111378. [PMID: 33601148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis. Dysregulation of HMGCS1 expression is a common occurrence in many solid tumors. It was also found to be overexpressed in newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (RR) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Previous study proved that HMGCS1 could induce drug-resistance in AML cells. However, the underlying mechanism how HMGCS1 contributed to chemoresistance remains elusive. Here, we confirmed that HMGCS1 inhibitor Hymeglusin enhanced cytarabine/Adriamycin (Ara-c/ADR) chemo-sensitivity in AML cells lines. Moreover, Ara-c-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60/Ara-c) and ADR-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60/ADR) were more sensitive to HMGCS1 inhibition than HL-60 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that the transcription factor GATA1 was the upstream regulator of HMGCS1 and could directly bind to the HMGCS1 promoter. After treatment of Tunicamycin (Tm), the number of mitochondria was increased and the damage of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was reduced in bone marrow cells from AML-RR patients, compared to cells from AML-CR group. HMGCS1 protected mitochondria and ER under ER stress and up-regulated unfold protein response (UPR) downstream molecules in AML cells. In summary, we proved that HMGCS1 could upregulate UPR downstream components, protect mitochondria and ER from damage in AML cells under stress, therefore conferring drug resistance. Therefore, HMGCS1 could serve as a novel target for treatment of patients with intolerant chemotherapy and AML-RR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xinya Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Huien Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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Gao H, Yan P, Zhang S, Nie S, Huang F, Han H, Deng Q, Huang Q, Yang W, Wu H, Yao P, Ye K, Xu J, Liu L. Chronic alpha-linolenic acid treatment alleviates age-associated neuropathology: Roles of PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:314-325. [PMID: 26399745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a principal risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and especially shares similar pathologic mechanisms to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the prominent age-dependent pathologies implicated in the cognitive deficits. Accumulation of mis-folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a cellular stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), the activation of which is increased in AD patients. However, the UPR relates to the pathological hallmarks of aging is still elusive. In this study, we report that long-term supplement of α-linolenic acid (ALA), starting before the onset of disease symptoms (6month-old), prevents the age-related memory deficits during natural aging. The amelioration of the memory impairment is associated with a decrease in UPR related markers [glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α (eIF2α)]. ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2α signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Aβ production by suppressing β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) pathway. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the link between ALA and PERK/eIF2α signaling, which could contribute to a better understanding of an ALA-mediated protective effect in aging-associated neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peipei Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuke Nie
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingde Huang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hailei Wu
- Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiqu Xu
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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