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German PH, Lazenby M, Phillips S, Jun A. The Effect of a Quality Improvement Project on Improving Patients' Willingness to Receive an Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:474-481. [PMID: 38172454 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to increase willingness to receive the influenza vaccine to the optimal rate of ≥ 70%. Low acuity adult patients who visited an Emergency Department (ED) were assessed regarding their willingness to receive the influenza vaccine before and after an educational intervention that included a provider recommendation and an educational handout. A total of seventy-six patients (n = 76) were assessed. Patients' willingness to receive the influenza vaccine rose from 29% pre-intervention to 72% post-intervention without disrupting the clinical flow in a busy ED. Similar vaccine educational strategies can be applied to influenza and other vaccines in EDs to increase vaccination willingness in patients, including those who use the ED as a primary point of contact for healthcare, decreasing the burden of influenza illness in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola H German
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, 854 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Mark Lazenby
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, 854 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Susanne Phillips
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, 854 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Angela Jun
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, 854 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Liu J, Qi Q, Liu Y, Ni P, Zhan X, Bao Y, Li Y, Liu L, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhang K. A paired measles-rubella catch-up campaign in Sichuan China to stop an outbreak and strengthen local immunization programs. Vaccine 2024; 42:2155-2160. [PMID: 38485639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has been working towards measles elimination, but in 2017, measles outbreaks occurred in Ganzi and Aba prefectures of Sichuan province, representing 95% of all provincial cases and jeopardizing measles elimination. METHODS During March and April 2017, high-performing prefectures were paired with outbreak and other interested counties to jointly conduct a measles-rubella (MR) catch-up campaign, build population immunity, and strengthen the counties' programs. RESULTS House-to-house search identified 88,383 children in Ganzi that lacked MCV vaccination; 85,144 (96.34%) were vaccinated. Search identified 33,683 children in Aba who were not vaccinated against measles; 33,074 (98.19%) were vaccinated. The supporting prefectures helped install Immunization Information Systems and enroll unvaccinated children into the immunization program.The outbreak ended within a month and incidence has remained low for the subsequent six years. CONCLUSION A paired catch-up campaign represents an effective model of using measles elimination strategies to strengthen local immunization programs for long-term program effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzi, China
| | - Xuhua Zhan
- Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Aba, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinqiao Li
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
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Hering C, Gangnus A, Kohl R, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. [COVID-19 vaccination status among nurses and associated factors in long-term care facilities : Results of a cross-sectional survey within the Covid-Heim project]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 57:133-139. [PMID: 37380898 PMCID: PMC10914840 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working in long-term care facilities were vaccinated first before residents as a matter of priority to protect the latter. Although the vaccination rate of nursing staff eventually rose due to a facility-based vaccination requirement, studies on associated factors of vaccination status are currently not available for the long-term care setting in Germany. OBJECTIVE Associated factors of COVID-19 vaccination status among nursing staff in long-term care facilities were explored. METHODS An online survey was conducted between October 26th 2021 and January 31st 2022. A total of 1546 nurses working in long-term care in Germany responded to questions concerning the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In this study 8 out of 10 nurses were vaccinated against COVID-19 (80.6%). Approximately 7 out of 10 nurses thought at least a few times about quitting their job since the pandemic began (71.4%). A positive COVID-19 vaccination status was associated with older age, full-time employment, COVID-19 deaths at the facility and working in northern or western Germany. Frequent thoughts of quitting their job were associated with negative COVID-19 vaccination status. CONCLUSION The present findings provide evidence on factors associated with the COVID-19 vaccination status of nurses in long-term care facilities in Germany for the first time. Further quantitative as well as qualitative studies are necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination decision-making among nurses in long-term care, in order to implement target-oriented future vaccination campaigns in this care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Zornoza Moreno M, Isabel Tornel Minarro F, Jesus Perez Martin J. E-mail as a way of communication during the ACWY meningococcal vaccination campaign in adolescents and young adults in the Region of Murcia. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100426. [PMID: 38205135 PMCID: PMC10776648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, ACWY meningococcal vaccination for people born between 2001 and 2007 was recommended. In Murcia, during the first 9 months, the coverage was 52.89%. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of e-mail reminders on vaccination coverage. A longitudinal, prospective trial was performed on non-vaccinated individuals with e-mail addresses. An e-mail reminder was sent to people assigned to the intervention group (born in any month, except January and July), and 4 weeks later, the same was sent to the control group. Vaccination coverage was assessed before and 4 weeks after each intervention. After the first intervention, 5.15% of the participants in the intervention group were vaccinated (1.57% in the control group). The increased likelihood of being vaccinated if a person had been sent an e-mail was 1.033 (95% confidence interval, 1.019-1.047; p = 0.001). This study highlighted the impact of e-mail as an appropriate method of communication for vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Zornoza Moreno
- Prevention and Health Protection Service, Murcia Health Department. IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Jesus Perez Martin
- General Directorate of Public Health and Addictions, Murcia Health Department. IMIB‐Arrixaca. Murcia University. Murcia, Spain
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Garrouste C, Juet A, Samson AL. Direct and crowding-out effects of a Hepatitis B vaccination campaign. Econ Hum Biol 2023; 51:101279. [PMID: 37567047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the direct and spillover causal effects of a Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination campaign in French schools on the vaccination adherence of the targeted pupils. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that this campaign created an exogenous shock on vaccination behavior, increasing the HB vaccination rate for children aged 11 and above. At the same time, we show a drop in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination rate of the targeted pupils and an increase in the parental belief that measles is a benign disease. We interpret these results as a salience effect: the focus on HB vaccination leads to a decrease in the belief that other vaccines are as important. The effect on MMR vaccination was relatively unexpected and may imply a negative externality. Measles is an extremely contagious disease. If the vaccination rate falls, the disease will spread further, raising the question of the net effect of the HB vaccination campaign on the well-being of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Garrouste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Arthur Juet
- Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, IRD, LEDa, LEGOS; Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Samson
- Université Paris-Panthéon Assas, LEMMA, 4 rue Blaise Desgoffe, 75006 Paris, France.
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Schumacher S, Salmanton-García J, Liekweg A, Rolfes M, Seidel D, Mellinghoff SC, Cornely OA. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers: analysis of an intensified on-site vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection 2023; 51:1417-1429. [PMID: 36853494 PMCID: PMC9972307 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Influenza infections have substantial impact on healthcare institutions. While vaccination is the most effective preventive measure against influenza infection, vaccination coverage in healthcare workers is low. The study investigates the impact of an intensified influenza vaccination campaign in a maximum-care hospital on influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/21. METHODS Building on findings from our previously published review Schumacher et al. (Infection 49(3): 387, 2021), an intensified influenza vaccination campaign comprising a mobile vaccination team providing on-site vaccination and vaccination at a recurring central vaccination site in addition to promotional measures was performed and analysed regarding vaccination coverage. A survey querying vaccination motivation was performed. Campaign strategies and vaccination coverage of influenza seasons between 2017/18 and 2019/20 were analysed. RESULTS The influenza vaccination campaign 2020/21 led to a significant 2.4-fold increase yielding an overall vaccination coverage of 40% among healthcare workers. A significant increase in vaccination coverage was observed across all professional fields; especially among nurses, a 2.7-fold increase, reaching a vaccination coverage of 48%, was observed. The COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced vaccination decision in 72% of first time ever or first time in over ten years influenza vaccinees. Vaccination coverage during prior vaccination campaigns focusing on educational measures did not exceed 17%. CONCLUSION A mobile vaccination team providing on-site vaccination and vaccinations at a central vaccination site in addition to promotional measures can be implemented to increase influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers. Our concept can inform influenza and other vaccination campaigns for healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Schumacher
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Liekweg
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muriel Rolfes
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danila Seidel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Mellinghoff
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research (CECAD), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Erbeto T, Bammeke P, Aregay A, Kamran Z, Ibrahim A, Usifoh N, Adamu U, Omotayo B, Braka F, Damisa E, Kazadi W, Shuaib F. Providing information for decision-making in the Nigerian Polio Eradication Program, 2016-2020. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:11. [PMID: 38370106 PMCID: PMC10874091 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.39489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nigeria made a coordinated effort to be certified by the World Health Organization's African Region for interrupting endemic transmission of wild poliovirus type-1 (WPV1) in August 2020 as a response to the resurgence of WPV1 cases in August 2016 after going two years without a case. The NEOC Data Working Group (DWG) was instrumental in providing quality and timely surveillance and campaign information for decision-making in order to interrupt WPV1 transmission and provide data toward documentation of its elimination for regional certification. The polio pre-campaign dashboard was used to assess the level of preparedness for Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) polio supplementary immunization activities (SIA) at three weeks, two weeks, one week, and three days to the start of each campaign implemented during 2016-2020. The administrative tally sheet, independent monitoring survey, and Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) survey data collected and shared from the implementation level were analyzed by the EOC DWG to provide information by person, place, and time. Using a 90% threshold in LQAS surveys defining quality SIAs, the proportion of Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Nigeria's states in which post-SIA LQAS surveys were conducted that met this threshold were assessed over time. The highest level of preparedness attained by 3 days to a polio campaign during August 2016-February 2020 was 95% and the lowest attained was 77%. The admin, independent monitoring, and LQAS data analysis results were given to EOC working groups for assessing the performance and quality of each campaign. Twenty-twenty five percent of LGAs that failed LQAS were identified for repeat vaccination. Further, acute flaccid paralysis and environmental surveillance data and laboratory results were analyzed and shared with NEOC and partners. The government and partners used the information generated by the Data Working Group to take evidence-based action including determining the scope of the polio campaign, intensification of surveillance and routine immunization activities, and special intervention activities. On average, 12% of the 774 LGAs were identified as polio high risk LGAs for intervention using selected surveillance, routine immunization (RI), SIAs, and other relevant data sets. National Emergency Operation Centre Data Working Group provided quality and timely information that supported decision-making processes for the polio program in Nigeria. The quality and timely information enabled the NEOC to make evidence-based and timely decisions that contributed to gap identification and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Erbeto
- World Health Organization Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Philip Bammeke
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Aron Aregay
- World Health Organization Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zabihullah Kamran
- United Nations Children’s Fund Nigeria Country Office, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- World Health Organization Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Usman Adamu
- National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- National Emergency Operation Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bolu Omotayo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Damisa
- National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Walter Kazadi
- World Health Organization Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ziarelli G, Dede' L, Parolini N, Verani M, Quarteroni A. Optimized numerical solutions of SIRDVW multiage model controlling SARS-CoV-2 vaccine roll out: An application to the Italian scenario. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:672-703. [PMID: 37346476 PMCID: PMC10240908 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mathematical modelling has played a fundamental role for making forecasts, simulating scenarios and evaluating the impact of preventive political, social and pharmaceutical measures. Optimal control theory represents a useful mathematical tool to plan the vaccination campaign aimed at eradicating the pandemic as fast as possible. The aim of this work is to explore the optimal prioritisation order for planning vaccination campaigns able to achieve specific goals, as the reduction of the amount of infected, deceased and hospitalized in a given time frame, among age classes. For this purpose, we introduce an age stratified SIR-like epidemic compartmental model settled in an abstract framework for modelling two-doses vaccination campaigns and conceived with the description of COVID19 disease. Compared to other recent works, our model incorporates all stages of the COVID-19 disease, including death or recovery, without accounting for additional specific compartments that would increase computational complexity and that are not relevant for our purposes. Moreover, we introduce an optimal control framework where the model is the state problem while the vaccine doses administered are the control variables. An extensive campaign of numerical tests, featured in the Italian scenario and calibrated on available data from Dipartimento di Protezione Civile Italiana, proves that the presented framework can be a valuable tool to support the planning of vaccination campaigns. Indeed, in each considered scenario, our optimization framework guarantees noticeable improvements in terms of reducing deceased, infected or hospitalized individuals with respect to the baseline vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Dede'
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Parolini
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Verani
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfio Quarteroni
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hwang JH, Lee JH, Jang EJ, Kim RK, Lee KH, Park SK, Lee SE, Chae C, Lee S, Park YJ. Estimating the number of severe COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related deaths averted by a nationwide vaccination campaign in Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:164-172. [PMID: 37415433 PMCID: PMC10522830 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency promotes vaccination by regularly providing information on its benefits for reducing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to analyze the number of averted severe COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related deaths by age group and quantify the impact of Republic of Korea's nationwide vaccination campaign. METHODS We analyzed an integrated database from the beginning of the vaccination campaign on February 26, 2021 to October 15, 2022. We estimated the cumulative number of severe cases and COVID-19-related deaths over time by comparing observed and estimated cases among unvaccinated and vaccinated groups using statistical modeling. We compared daily age-adjusted rates of severe cases and deaths in the unvaccinated group to those in the vaccinated group and calculated the susceptible population and proportion of vaccinated people by age. RESULTS There were 23,793 severe cases and 25,441 deaths related to COVID-19. We estimated that 119,579 (95% confidence interval [CI], 118,901-120,257) severe COVID-19 cases and 137,636 (95% CI, 136,909-138,363) COVID-19-related deaths would have occurred if vaccination had not been performed. Therefore, 95,786 (95% CI, 94,659-96,913) severe cases and 112,195 (95% CI, 110,870-113,520) deaths were prevented as a result of the vaccination campaign. CONCLUSION We found that, if the nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign had not been implemented, the number of severe cases and deaths would have been at least 4 times higher. These findings suggest that Republic of Korea's nationwide vaccination campaign reduced the number of severe cases and COVID-19 deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Hwang
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryu Kyung Kim
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Hun Lee
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungman Chae
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Fabbri C, Ghedini P, Leonessi M, Malaguti E, Tubertini P. A decision support system for scheduling a vaccination campaign during a pandemic emergency: The COVID-19 case. Comput Ind Eng 2023; 177:109068. [PMID: 36747588 PMCID: PMC9892253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2023.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the organization and scheduling of a vaccination campaign during a pandemic emergency. We describe the decision process and introduce an optimization model, which showed a powerful multi-scenario tool for scheduling a campaign in detail within a dynamic and uncertain context. The solution of the model gave the decision maker the possibility to test different settings and have a configurable solution within few seconds, compared with the man-days of effort that would have required a manual schedule. Analysis of a real case study on COVID-19 vaccination campaign in northern Italy showed that the use of such optimized solution allowed to cover the target population within a much shorter time interval, compared to a manual approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Fabbri
- Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Enterprise Information Systems for Integrated Care and Research Data Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospadaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrico Malaguti
- DEI, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Tubertini
- Enterprise Information Systems for Integrated Care and Research Data Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospadaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hamani A, Hussein Jama I, Roland MAY, Wanjeri L, Oppon-Kusi AA, Karimi D, Kiconco P, Akpotu OE, Saka M. Mobile Money and the importance of timely, complete payments to frontline health campaign workers in the fight to eradicate polio: pilot experience from a World Health Organization digital payment platform in Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36611190 PMCID: PMC9824973 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the increase in vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and many other African countries from 2017 to 2019, concentrated efforts are needed to improve the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. Frontline polio health campaign worker engagement and job retention are critical to successful campaign implementation, as well as timely, in-full payment to these workers via an electronic system. METHODS The Global Polio Eradication Initiative and its partners designed a road map to implement the World Health Organization Mobile Money digital payment system for health campaign workers across designated African Region countries and country-specific areas. The road map included: (1) strategy communication about Mobile Money to key stakeholders; (2) prioritization of Mobile Money pilot countries; (3) establishment of a digital finance team to support Mobile Money rollout for polio campaigns; (4) implementation of Mobile Money in select pilot areas; and (5) documentation by the digital finance team of Mobile Money implementation across pilot areas. At the country-specific level, and as described in the first pilot campaign in Côte d'Ivoire, implementation of Mobile Money occurred in 3 phases: precampaign, campaign, and postcampaign. RESULTS Mobile Money was piloted in Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Mali, and Republic of the Congo. Although program reach varied by country, the percentages of payments successfully made via Mobile Money in pilot countries were high: In campaign round 1, 99% of campaign workers in 2 regions in Mali, and 99% of campaign workers in 5 districts in Ghana were paid successfully. In Cote d'Ivoire, Mobile Money was piloted in all 113 districts for campaign rounds 1, 2 and 3, and in 4 districts in Abidjan for campaign round 3. In rounds 1, 2 and 3, 99.6%, 99.6%, and 99.9% of payments to polio health campaign workers, respectively, were made successfully. CONCLUSION Implementation of the Mobile Money pilot program, particularly across Côte d'Ivoire, demonstrates the value of an electronic payment system in addressing frontline polio health campaign worker need for timely, in-full payment. The World Health Organization-led Mobile Money pilot program can serve as a model for agencies committed to delivering greater efficiencies and improved health campaigns in resource-challenged settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamani
- grid.463718.f0000 0004 0639 2906World Health Organization–Regional Office for Africa, Cité du Djoué, PO Box 06, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Idil Hussein Jama
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mian Amoakon Yves Roland
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Leah Wanjeri
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Abena Aboagyewaa Oppon-Kusi
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dorcas Karimi
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patsy Kiconco
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oromena Edwin Akpotu
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mahafous Saka
- World Health Organization, 351 Francis Baard St, Metropark Building, 7th Fl, PO Box 13113, Pretoria, South Africa
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Agana-Norman DF, Berenson AB, Chang M. Impact assessment of a provider-targeted national vaccine messaging campaign on human papillomavirus vaccination rates among US adolescent males. Prev Med 2022; 164:107228. [PMID: 36057389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Initial uptake of the cancer-preventative human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the US was slow, especially among adolescent males. To address this, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnered with the Hager Sharp communications development company to launch a national campaign in 2015 to improve physician counseling and rebrand the vaccine as cancer prevention. In this study, we compared HPV vaccination rates among 13-17-year-old males before (2010-2014) and after (2015-2019) the CDC-Hager Sharp campaign using National Immunization Survey-Teen data to determine the potential impact of this campaign on improving vaccine uptake among adolescent males. Employing provider-verified vaccination data available for 49,644 males from 2010 to 2014 and 47,943 males from 2015 to 2019, we found that the adjusted prevalence ratios of 13-17-year-old males who initiated and completed the vaccine series increased approximately 5-fold between the 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 periods. Increases in post-campaign initiation/completion rates were greatest among respondents with mothers who were married or had attended college, respondents who lived in the Northeast or Midwest, and those from households with annual incomes > $75,000. Together, these data suggest that the campaign contributed to the observed increase in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males. Although sociodemographic disparities were identified, the greater improvement in vaccination rates observed among individuals with higher socio-demographic status may simply reflect their relatively poorer rates of initial vaccine uptake. Overall, the data suggest that provider-targeted campaigns can be a useful tool to boost vaccinations and should be considered for inclusion in future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Fe Agana-Norman
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, United States of America; Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, United States of America
| | - Abbey B Berenson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, United States of America.
| | - Mihyun Chang
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, United States of America
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13
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Carr A, Pittman E, Imeri H, Nasruddin S, Sparkmon W, Head KJ, Vivo S, Barnard M. Evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses: A scoping review. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100226. [PMID: 36281468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccinations are successful, cost-effective tools to prevent the spread of certain infectious diseases. Many colleges conduct vaccination campaigns on their campuses for various vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles, mumps, influenza, HPV, and most recently, for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Implementing these campaigns requires substantial effort and understanding their effectiveness is an important factor in justifying these programs. Aim This scoping review aims to identify, review, and summarize existing evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses in order to provide evaluation guidance for institutions planning future vaccination campaigns. Methods Publications that focused on vaccination campaigns on college campuses for students and/or faculty and staff and described their evaluation methods were included in our analysis. A systematic search of the literature identified 2,101 articles. After duplicates were removed, titles and abstracts were screened, and references searched, 43 articles were identified for full-text review. Sixteen articles provided evaluation information and were systematically reviewed. Results Interventions targeted a variety of vaccine-preventable diseases, with the majority either aiming to increase HPV vaccine uptake or vaccinate against meningococcal serogroups. Most studies reported on campaigns that included both educational activities and provided vaccinations. Evaluation methods varied widely. Some studies measured vaccine-related knowledge and attitudes. Vaccine uptake was most commonly measured as a simple count of doses administered. Conclusions College campus vaccination campaigns are evaluated in multiple ways, with little consistency in how the effectiveness of campaigns are measured. There is a need to develop clear evaluation methods for college vaccination programs, especially how to calculate vaccination rates associated with these efforts.
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Mardiko AA, Heinemann S, Bludau A, Kaba HEJ, Leha A, von Maltzahn N, Mutters NT, Leistner R, Mattner F, Scheithauer S. COVID-19 vaccination strategy for hospital staff in Germany: a cross-sectional study in March-April 2021. J Hosp Infect 2022; 126:87-92. [PMID: 35623468 PMCID: PMC9130334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for healthcare workers (HCWs) started in Germany in December 2020. Hospitals had little time to prepare a vaccination strategy. AIM To gather information on the initial vaccination strategy for HCWs from the infection control practitioners in Germany. METHODS A cross-sectional, ethically approved questionnaire was developed, formatted as an online survey and pre-tested. Infection control practitioners responsible for hygiene/infection prevention in 987 randomly selected German hospitals were invited to participate in the survey in March and April 2021. For statistical analysis, the hospitals were categorized into two groups based on bed capacity (<500 beds: small; ≥500 beds: large). FINDINGS One hundred out of 987 (10%) infection control practitioners completed the survey. In 80% of the participating hospitals, HCW vaccination prioritization was based on recommendations of the German standing committee on vaccination (STIKO). Even so, only 54% prioritized the vaccination of HCWs with contact to vulnerable patients, thus deviating from STIKO recommendations. HCWs with a high personal health risk were prioritized for vaccination in 24% of the hospitals. Transferring unvaccinated HCWs to an area with less infection risk was considered by 2% of large and 12% of small hospitals. CONCLUSION Vaccination prioritization differed across hospitals and deviated from STIKO recommendations. A pandemic preparedness concept should address the potential impact of divergent strategies compared to a common approach. In addition, further studies analysing the reasons why HCWs remain unvaccinated are needed to adopt effective strategies. This is especially important against the background of facility-based compulsory vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mardiko
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| | - S Heinemann
- Local Task Force of the Network University Medicine (NUM), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Bludau
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - H E J Kaba
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - N von Maltzahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - N T Mutters
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - R Leistner
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - F Mattner
- Institute for Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Witten-Herdecke, Germany
| | - S Scheithauer
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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Salmanton-García J, Stewart FA, Heringer S, Koniordou M, Álvarez-Barco E, Argyropoulos CD, Themistocleous SC, Valle-Simón P, Spivak O, Součková L, Merakou C, Amélia Mendonça M, Joanna Davis R, Maria Azzini A, Askling HH, Vene S, Van Damme P, Steinbach A, Shiamakkides G, Seidel D, Olesen OF, Noula E, Macken A, Luís C, Leckler J, Launay O, Isitt C, Hellemans M, Frías-Iniesta J, Di Marzo R, Carcas AJ, Boustras G, Borobia AM, Barta I, Albus K, Akova M, Ochando J, Cohen-Kandli M, Jane Cox R, Husa P, Jancoriene L, Mallon P, Marques L, Mellinghoff SC, Nauclér P, Tacconelli E, Tóth K, Zaoutis TE, Zeitlinger M, Cornely OA, Pana ZD. VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry: A European study participant database to facilitate clinical trial enrolment. Vaccine 2022; 40:4090-4097. [PMID: 35659449 PMCID: PMC9159788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evidenced the key role of vaccine design, obtention, production and administration to successfully fight against infectious diseases and to provide efficient remedies for the citizens. Although clinical trials were rapidly established during this pandemic, identifying suitable study subjects can be challenging. For this reason, the University Hospital Cologne established a volunteer registry for participation in clinical trials first in Germany, which has now been incorporated into the European VACCELERATE clinical trials network and grew to a European Volunteer Registry. As such, VACCELERATE's Volunteer Registry aims to become a common entry point for potential volunteers in future clinical trials in Europe. METHODS Interested volunteers who would like to register for clinical trials in the VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry can access the registration questionnaire via http://www.vaccelerate.eu/volunteer-registry. Potential volunteers are requested to provide their current country and area of residence, contact information, including first and last name and e-mail address, age, gender, comorbidities, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status, and maximum distance willing to travel to a clinical trial site. The registry is open to both adults and children, complying with national legal consent requirements. RESULTS As of May 2022, the questionnaire is available in 12 countries and 14 languages. Up to date, more than 36,000 volunteers have registered, mainly from Germany. Within the first year since its establishment, the VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry has matched more than 15,000 volunteers to clinical trials. The VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry will be launched in further European countries in the coming months. CONCLUSIONS The VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry is an active single-entry point for European residents interested in COVID-19 clinical trials participation in 12 countries (i.e., Austria, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Turkey). To date, more than 15,000 registered individuals have been connected to clinical trials in Germany alone. The registry is currently in the implementation phase in 5 additional countries (i.e., Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel and the Netherlands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Salmanton-García
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Heringer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markela Koniordou
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Álvarez-Barco
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Paula Valle-Simón
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Orly Spivak
- Ministry of Health of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lenka Součková
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, CZECRIN, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Merakou
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ruth Joanna Davis
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, Italy
| | - Helena H Askling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sirkka Vene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, VAXINFECTIO, Centre of Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angela Steinbach
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Danila Seidel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ole F Olesen
- European Vaccine Initiative (EVI), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alan Macken
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catarina Luís
- European Vaccine Initiative (EVI), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Leckler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Odile Launay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-ANRS Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Isitt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margot Hellemans
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, VAXINFECTIO, Centre of Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jesús Frías-Iniesta
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio J Carcas
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto M Borobia
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imre Barta
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kerstin Albus
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jordi Ochando
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petr Husa
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, CZECRIN, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ligita Jancoriene
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University; Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Vilnius University, Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Patrick Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Marques
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sibylle C Mellinghoff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Pontus Nauclér
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, Italy
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Theoklis E Zaoutis
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Oliver A Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Cologne, Germany
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Campi G, Bianconi A. Periodic recurrent waves of Covid-19 epidemics and vaccination campaign. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2022; 160:112216. [PMID: 35601116 PMCID: PMC9114150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While understanding of periodic recurrent waves of Covid-19 epidemics would aid to combat the pandemics, quantitative analysis of data over a two years period from the outbreak, is lacking. The complexity of Covid-19 recurrent waves is related with the concurrent role of i) the containment measures enforced to mitigate the epidemics spreading ii) the rate of viral gene mutations, and iii) the variable immune response of the host implemented by vaccination. This work focuses on the effect of massive vaccination and gene variants on the recurrent waves in a representative case of countries enforcing mitigation and vaccination strategy. The spreading rate is measured by the ratio between the reproductive number Rt(t) and the doubling time Td(t) called RIC-index and the daily fatalities number. The dynamics of the Covid-19 epidemics have been studied by wavelet analysis and represented by a non-linear helicoid vortex in a 3D space where both RIC-index and fatalities change with time. The onset of periodic recurrent waves has been identified by the transition from convergent to divergent trajectories on the helicoid vortex. We report a main period of recurrent waves of 120 days and the elongation of this period after the vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Campi
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, Roma I-00015, Italy
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianconi
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, Roma I-00015, Italy
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Coccia M. Optimal levels of vaccination to reduce COVID-19 infected individuals and deaths: A global analysis. Environ Res 2022; 204:112314. [PMID: 34736923 PMCID: PMC8560189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a pandemic threat that is generating a constant state of alert in manifold countries. One of the strategies of defense against infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) is the vaccinations that decrease the numbers of infected individuals and deaths. In this context, the optimal level of vaccination for COVID-19 is a basic point to control this pandemic crisis in society. The study here,-using data of doses of vaccines administered per 100 inhabitants, confirmed cases and case fatality ratio of COVID-19 between countries (N=192) from March to May 2021,- clarifies the optimal levels of vaccination for reducing the number of infected individuals and, consequently, the numbers of deaths at global level. Findings reveal that the average level of administering about 80 doses of vaccines per 100 inhabitants between countries can sustain a reduction of confirmed cases and number of deaths. In addition, results suggest that an intensive vaccination campaign in the initial phase of pandemic wave leads to a lower optimal level of doses administered per 100 inhabitants (roughly 47 doses of vaccines administered) for reducing infected individuals; however, the growth of pandemic wave (in May, 2021) moves up the optimal level of vaccines to about 90 doses for reducing the numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals. All these results here could aid policymakers to prepare optimal strategies directed to a rapid COVID-19 vaccination rollout, before the takeoff of pandemic wave, to lessen negative effects of pandemic crisis on environment and socioeconomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR -- National Research Council of Italy, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Via Real Collegio, n. 30, 10024, Moncalieri, TO, Italy.
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Danovaro-Holliday MC, Rhoda DA, Lacoul M, Prier ML, Gautam JS, Pokhrel TN, Dixit SM, Rajbhandari RM, Bose AS. Who gets vaccinated in a measles-rubella campaign in Nepal?: results from a post-campaign coverage survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:221. [PMID: 35114969 PMCID: PMC8812357 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the 2015 earthquake, a measles-rubella (MR) supplementary immunization activity (SIA), in four phases, was implemented in Nepal in 2015-2016. A post-campaign coverage survey (PCCS) was then conducted in 2017 to assess SIA performance and explore factors that were associated with vaccine uptake. METHODS A household survey using stratified multi-stage probability sampling was conducted to assess coverage for a MR dose in the 2015-2016 SIA in Nepal. Logistic regression was then used to identify factors related to vaccine uptake. RESULTS Eleven thousand two hundred fifty-three households, with 4870 eligible children provided information on vaccination during the 2015-2016 MR SIA. Overall coverage of measles-rubella vaccine was 84.7% (95% CI: 82.0-87.0), but varied between 77.5% (95% CI: 72.0, 82.2) in phase-3, of 21 districts vaccinated in Feb-Mar 2016, to 97.7% (CI: 95.4, 98.9) in phase-4, of the last seven mountainous districts vaccinated in Mar-Apr 2016. Coverage in rural areas was higher at 85.6% (CI: 81.9, 88.8) than in urban areas at 79.0% (CI: 75.5, 82.1). Of the 4223 children whose caregivers knew about the SIA, 96.5% received the MR dose and of the 647 children whose caregivers had not heard about the campaign, only 1.8% received the MR dose. CONCLUSIONS The coverage in the 2015-2016 MR SIA in Nepal varied by geographical region with rural areas achieving higher coverage than urban areas. The single most important predictor of vaccination was the caregiver being informed in advance about the vaccination campaign. Enhanced efforts on social mobilization for vaccination have been used in Nepal since this survey, notably for the most recent 2020 MR campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization (WHO), 20, Ave Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Jhalak Sharma Gautam
- Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tara Nath Pokhrel
- Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Anindya Sekhar Bose
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization (WHO), 20, Ave Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Country Office Nepal, WHO, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Levi A, Barnett-Itzhaki Z. Effects of chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants, demographic, and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 morbidity: The Israeli case study. Environ Res 2021; 202:111673. [PMID: 34260961 PMCID: PMC8290351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies conducted in several OECD countries have shown that chronic exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants (especially PM2.5, PM10 and NOx), might negatively impact COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic exposure to air pollution in Israeli cities and towns, their demographic and socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 morbidity, during the three local morbidity waves. METHODS We examined the associations between: (a) annual average concentrations of NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 in 2016-2019, and demographic and socioeconomic parameters, and (b) COVID-19 positive cases in 279 Israeli cities and towns, in the four state-wide morbidity peaks: 1st wave peak: March 31st, 2020; 2nd wave peaks: July 24th and September 27th, 2020, and the 3rd wave peak: January 17th, 2021, which occurred after the beginning of the nationwide vaccination campaign. These associations were calculated using both Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS We found statistically significant positive correlations between the concentrations of most pollutants in 2016-19 and COVID-19 morbidity rate at the first three timepoints but not the 4th (January 17th, 2021). Population density and city/town total population were also positively associated with the COVID-19 morbidity rates at these three timepoints, but not the 4th, in which socioeconomic parameters were more dominant - we found a statistically significant negative correlation between socioeconomic cluster and COVID-19 morbidity. In addition, all multivariate models including PM2.5 concentrations were statistically significant, and PM2.5 concentrations were positively associated with the COVID-19 morbidity rates in all models. CONCLUSIONS We found a nationwide association between population chronic exposure to five main air pollutants in Israeli cities and towns, and COVID-19 morbidity rates during two of the three morbidity waves experienced in Israel. The widespread morbidity that was related to socioeconomic factors during the 3rd wave, emphasizes the need for special attention to morbidity prevention in socioeconomically vulnerable populations and especially in large household communities. Nevertheless, this ecological study has several limitations, such as the inability to draw conclusions about causality or mechanisms of action. The growing body of evidence, regarding association between exacerbated COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates and long-term chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants should serve as a wake-up call to policy makers regarding the urgent need to reduce air pollution and its harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Levi
- School of Sciences, Achva Academic College, Yinon, Israel; Israel Society of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- School of Engineering, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Research Center for Health Informatics, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
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20
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Papini F, Grassi N, Guglielmi G, Gattini V, Rago L, Bisordi C, Scateni M, Totaro M, Tulipani A, Porretta A, Tavoschi L, Guercini J, Luchini G, Briani S, Privitera GP, Baggiani A. Covid-19 vaccine management (Comirnaty and mrna-1273 Moderna) in a teaching hospital in Italy: a short report on the vaccination campaign. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:99. [PMID: 34592930 PMCID: PMC8483168 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-01018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this article, we aim to share our experience in the hospital reorganization made to conduct the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, based on the principles of flexibility and adaptability. Study design A descriptive study. Methods The data concerning the organization of the vaccination campaign were taken from the operative protocol developed by the hospital dedicated task force, composed by experts in hygiene, public health, occupational medicine, pharmacists, nurses, hospital quality, and disaster managers. Data about the numbers of vaccine administered daily were collected by the Innovation and Development Operative Unit database. Results Vaccinations against COVID-19 started across the EU on the 27th of December 2020. The first phase of the vaccination campaign carried out in our hospital was directed to healthcare workers immunization including medical residents, social care operators, administrative staff and technicians, students of medicine, and health professions trainees. The second phase was enlarged to the coverage of extremely fragile subjects. Thanks to the massive employment of healthcare workers and the establishment of dynamic pathways, it was possible to achieve short turnaround times and a large number of doses administered daily, with peaks of 870 vaccines per day. From the 27th of December up to the 14th of March a total of 26,341 doses of Pfizer have been administered. 13,584 were first doses and 12,757 were second doses. From the 4th to the 14th of March, 296 first doses of Moderna were dispensed. It was necessary to implement adequate spaces and areas adopting anti-contagion safety measures: waiting area for subjects to be vaccinated, working rooms for the dilution of the vaccine and the storage of the material, vaccination rooms, post-vaccination observation areas, room for observation, and treatment of any adverse reactions, with an emergency cart available in each working area. Conclusions The teaching hospital of Pisa faced the beginning of the immunization campaign readjusting its spaces, planning an adequate hospital vaccination area and providing an organization plan to ensure the achievement of the targets of the campaign. This represented a challenge due to limited vaccine doses supplied and the multisectoral teams of professionals to coordinate in the shortest time and the safest way possible. The organizational model adopted proved to be adequate and therefore exploited also for the second phase aimed to extremely fragile subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Papini
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Grassi
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Lucia Rago
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Bisordi
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Scateni
- The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Totaro
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Porretta
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Tavoschi
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Luchini
- The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Briani
- The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Baggiani
- Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,The Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
We explore the Covid-19 diffusion with an agent-based model of an Italian region with a population on a scale of 1:1000. We also simulate different vaccination strategies. From a decision support system perspective, we investigate the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques to provide suggestions about more effective policies. We adopt the widely used multi-agent programmable modeling environment NetLogo, adding genetic algorithms to evolve the best vaccination criteria. The results suggest a promising methodology for defining vaccine rates by population types over time. The results are encouraging towards a more extensive application of agent-oriented methods in public healthcare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Sulis
- University of Torino - Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy.
| | - Pietro Terna
- University of Torino - Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy
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22
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Procter SR, Abbas K, Flasche S, Griffiths U, Hagedorn B, O'Reilly KM, Jit M. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk during delivery of childhood vaccination campaigns: a modelling study. BMC Med 2021; 19:198. [PMID: 34384441 PMCID: PMC8359640 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of immunisation services globally. Many countries have postponed vaccination campaigns out of concern about infection risks to the staff delivering vaccination, the children being vaccinated, and their families. The World Health Organization recommends considering both the benefit of preventive campaigns and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission when making decisions about campaigns during COVID-19 outbreaks, but there has been little quantification of the risks. METHODS We modelled excess SARS-CoV-2 infection risk to vaccinators, vaccinees, and their caregivers resulting from vaccination campaigns delivered during a COVID-19 epidemic. Our model used population age structure and contact patterns from three exemplar countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Brazil). It combined an existing compartmental transmission model of an underlying COVID-19 epidemic with a Reed-Frost model of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk to vaccinators and vaccinees. We explored how excess risk depends on key parameters governing SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, and aspects of campaign delivery such as campaign duration, number of vaccinations, and effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) and symptomatic screening. RESULTS Infection risks differ considerably depending on the circumstances in which vaccination campaigns are conducted. A campaign conducted at the peak of a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic with high prevalence and without special infection mitigation measures could increase absolute infection risk by 32 to 45% for vaccinators and 0.3 to 0.5% for vaccinees and caregivers. However, these risks could be reduced to 3.6 to 5.3% and 0.1 to 0.2% respectively by use of PPE that reduces transmission by 90% (as might be achieved with N95 respirators or high-quality surgical masks) and symptomatic screening. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection risks to vaccinators, vaccinees, and caregivers during vaccination campaigns can be greatly reduced by adequate PPE, symptomatic screening, and appropriate campaign timing. Our results support the use of adequate risk mitigation measures for vaccination campaigns held during SARS-CoV-2 epidemics, rather than cancelling them entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Procter
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.
| | - Kaja Abbas
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | | | | | - Kathleen M O'Reilly
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Mark Jit
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
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23
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Lang P, Zens KD, Bally B, Meier C, Martin B, Fehr J. Evaluation of a measles vaccination campaign at the universities in the city of Zurich, 2019. Public Health 2021; 195:51-3. [PMID: 34052507 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2019, there were 29 reported cases of measles in the Canton of Zurich, with two cases occurring among university students. In collaboration with the University of Zurich Travel Clinic, the Health Department of the Canton of Zurich offered free measles vaccination to all employees and students at the University of Zurich (UZH) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH). This short communication shares the results of this large measles vaccination campaign. STUDY DESIGN Vaccination intervention campaign. METHODS All employees and students at the UZH and ETH were informed via an email distribution list that they were eligible for cost-free consultation and measles vaccination (when indicated). Consultations and immunizations took place over the course of 3 days in June 2019 at the UZH Travel Clinic. All those who were missing one or two doses of measles vaccination, and had no contraindications, were vaccinated. Booster immunizations were offered until December 2019. RESULTS A total of 411 individuals participated in the campaign. Thirty-five individuals (8.5%) were found to have sufficient measles vaccination on consultation and received no additional vaccination. A total of 376 individuals (91.5%) met the eligibility criteria and were vaccinated; 83 individuals (20.2% of all participants and 22.1% of those vaccinated) returned for a second vaccination. In total, the campaign saw 494 visits (including consultations without immunization and visits for second immunization). Demographic data were collected for 439 visits where measles vaccination was administered. From these, 51.7% were for an individual's first measles vaccine dose, 27.3% for a second dose, 18.9% for a booster immunization and 2.1% were unknown. 54.7% of campaign visits were made by females; and 45.0% of visits were made by those aged 18-29 years, 27.9% by those 30-39 years, 14.6% by those 40-49 years, and 12.6% by those 50+ years. 49.8% of visits were made by students and 48.5% by employees. More students needed the first dose (54.2% of first-dose visits), whereas more employees received booster immunization (57.8% of booster visits). CONCLUSIONS The measles vaccination campaign was well attended, particularly by the younger age group 18-29 years and females. Coupled with intense media attention, such a campaign immediately following an outbreak may be an effective method to increase vaccination coverage.
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24
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Okoronkwo C, Taiwo LA, Asolo JA, Baptiste AEJ, Wagai J, Nsubuga P, Braka F, Shuaib F, Oteri J. Leveraging on the 2017/2018 measles vaccination campaign to improve health workers knowledge and practice on injection safety: A case study of north-central states, Nigeria. Vaccine 2021; 39 Suppl 3:C54-C59. [PMID: 34024661 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, knowledge of health workers has been documented to be key in effective immunisation service delivery. The parenteral route of drug administration is a vital healthcare procedure used in the administration of medicines using needle and syringe. Despite the importance of this procedure, improper handling of the device has resulted in an unsafe practice among health workers who attend to patients receiving injectable medications. A phased measles vaccination campaign (MVC) was conducted in 2017/2018 with a key objectives of training health workers on injection safety. This paper examines the association between improvement on knowledge of health workers through improved training curriculum and their practice on injection safety. METHODS We reviewed information on handling and administration of the measles vaccine from the open data kit (ODK) platform finalised microplans and the training curriculum used during the 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 MVC. We analysed our results using paired t-test analysis, SPSS and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and reported results in frequencies and proportions using charts and tables. RESULTS Our findings revealed more health workers were trained during the 2017/2018 MVC as compared to 2015/2016 MVC. The curriculum adopted during the 2017/2018 MVC showed that multiple techniques were adopted during training compared to only class lectures used during the 2015/2016 MVC. A paired t-test analysis comparing the impact of training on the knowledge of the health workers during 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 MVC revealed significant improvement across five states during the 2017/2018 MVC, with mean ranging from 6.5% in the FCT to 23.7% in Nassarawa state. CONCLUSION The review of training curriculum and use of multiple training styles during the 2017/2018 MVC improved the knowledge of health workers. Immunisation programmes will benefit from adopting the training curriculum to meet the specific needs of the health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Wagai
- World Health Organization (WHO), Nigeria
| | | | | | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Nigeria
| | - Joseph Oteri
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Nigeria
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25
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Pivette M, Taha MK, Barret AS, Polard E, Hautier MB, Dufour JB, Faisant M, King LA, Antona D, Levy-Bruhl D, Tillaut H, Scanff A, Morival C, Aranda Grau JH, Guillaumot P, Gagnière B. Targeted vaccination campaigns of teenagers after two clusters of B invasive meningococcal disease in Brittany, France, 2017. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1382. [PMID: 32912190 PMCID: PMC7488129 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In December 2016, three cases of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease, including two children from the same middle school (11 to 15 years old pupils), occurred in the department (administrative district) Côtes-d’Armor (Brittany, France). They were infected by a rare strain (B:P1.7–2,4:F5–9:cc162), covered by the 4CMenB vaccine (Bexsero®). Four months later, two cases due to the same strain occurred in a high school in the same area (15 to 19 years old students). In accordance with French recommendations, vaccination was proposed to students of both schools and to all individuals aged 11–19 years living or studying in the hyperendemic area. We describe these vaccination campaigns, from the alert to the impact evaluation. Methods The target population included 8884 people: 579 in the middle school, 2007 in the high school and 6298 in the community. In both schools, vaccination sessions were organized directly on site. In the community, teenagers were vaccinated by general practitioners. The vaccination campaign took place from May to October 2017. An active pharmacovigilance follow-up was set up to document adverse effects of the vaccine. Results Considering the whole target population, the vaccination coverage was estimated at 43% for 1 dose and 34% for 2 doses. Higher vaccination coverage was observed in the schools (79% in the middle school and 42% in the high school for 2 doses) than in the community (27% for 2 doses). The reported adverse effects were consistent with the safety profile of the vaccine and no severe adverse effect was reported. Conclusions This vaccination campaign was the third one implemented with Bexsero® in France and constitutes a reproducible approach for future targeted vaccination campaigns. No additional cases of the same strain have occurred since the end of the campaigns in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pivette
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France.
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Meningococci, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Barret
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Elisabeth Polard
- Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information Center, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jean-Benoît Dufour
- Agence régionale de santé Bretagne, Regional health agency, Rennes, France
| | - Marlène Faisant
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Lisa Antoinette King
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Denise Antona
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Hélène Tillaut
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Scanff
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Camille Morival
- Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information Center, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pierre Guillaumot
- Agence régionale de santé Bretagne, Regional health agency, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Gagnière
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Direction des régions, Cellule Bretagne, Rennes, France
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26
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Linton NM, Keita M, Moitinho de Almeida M, Gil Cuesta J, Guha-Sapir D, Nishiura H, van Loenhout JAF. Impact of mass vaccination campaigns on measles transmission during an outbreak in Guinea, 2017. J Infect 2020; 80:326-332. [PMID: 31958541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the time-dependent measles effective reproduction number (Rt) as an indicator of the impact of three outbreak response vaccination (ORV) campaigns on measles transmission during a nationwide outbreak in Guinea. METHODS Rt represents the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case in a partially immune population during a given time period. Measles Rt was estimated using daily incidence data for 3952 outbreak-associated measles cases in Guinea in 2017 for the time periods prior to, between, and following each of three ORV campaigns using a simple and extensible mathematical model. RESULTS Rt was estimated to be above the threshold value of 1 during the initial growth period of the outbreak until the first ORV campaign began on March 13 (Rt = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.55-1.67). It subsequently dropped below 1 and remained <1 through the end of the year (range: 0.71-0.91), although low levels of transmission persisted. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in Rt coincided with implementation of the ORV campaigns, indicating success of the campaigns at maintaining measles transmission intensity below epidemic growth levels. However, persistent measles transmission remains an issue in Guinea due to insufficient levels of herd immunity. Estimation of Rt should be further leveraged to help decision makers and field staff understand outbreak progress and the timing and type of vaccination efforts needed to halt transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Marie Linton
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mory Keita
- World Health Organization Country Office, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Maria Moitinho de Almeida
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julita Gil Cuesta
- Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debarati Guha-Sapir
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joris Adriaan Frank van Loenhout
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Żuk P, Żuk P. One of the recent attacks of smallpox in Europe: A massive vaccination campaign during the epidemic in Wrocław in 1963. Vaccine 2019; 37:6125-6131. [PMID: 31455585 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on archival materials, collected literature and archival articles analysing the clinical course of the disease, the article presents the medical and social course of one of the recent epidemics of smallpox in Europe, which took place in Wrocław in 1963. During the epidemic, 99 people fell ill and seven of them died. The authors describe how a mass vaccination campaign was organised in the city and the entire surrounding region. This historical study shows not only the course of the epidemic itself, but also the ways to prevent and deal with infectious diseases and the organisation of vaccinations in communist Poland. The authors also discuss the issue of the relationship between the vaccination period and the course of smallpox in patients and show the scale of post-vaccination complications in the situation of mass vaccination against smallpox. Although the article refers to historical events, it draws attention to the topicality of challenges posed by the variola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Żuk
- University of Wrocław, Department of Sociology, Poland; The Centre for Civil Rights and Democracy Research, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żuk
- The Centre for Civil Rights and Democracy Research, Poland.
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28
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Menichetti F, Fortunato S, Ricci A, Salani F, Ripoli A, Tascini C, Fusco FM, Mencarini J, Bartoloni A, Di Pietro M. Invasive Meningococcal Disease due to group C N. meningitidis ST11 (cc11): The Tuscany cluster 2015-2016. Vaccine 2018; 36:5962-5966. [PMID: 30172636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the cluster of MenC ST11 Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) occurred in Tuscany in the years 2015-2016. METHODS A retrospective charts analysis of clinical, epidemiological and microbiological aspects of documented IMD was performed. Prognostic factors for death were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-one patients with IMD in the 2015-2016 period were documented: 28 had meningococcemia, 24 meningitis plus meningococcemia and 9 meningitis. MenC ST11 (cc11) was identified in 48/54 (89%) of the tested strains. All patients, with the exception of three very early death, received timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy and, in selected case, adjunctive therapy with steroids and Pentaglobin®. Forty-one patients recovered (67.3%, mean age: 26 years), 7 had permanent sequelae (11.3%, mean age 31 years) and 13 died (21.3%; mean age: 46 years). In a multivariate analysis, septic shock, purpura fulminans and advanced age were negative prognostic factors, while emergency admittance to a tertiary-care, university hospital, positively influenced the survival rate. The epidemiological analysis of the cluster identified close contacts and recreational environments such as discos as hotspot for MenC transmission. After a massive vaccination campaign, the number of MenC cases reported in Tuscany in 2017 decreased to 10, with no death. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination campaign of key populations together with the need for rapid and qualified emergency care of the affected patients seems to be the main lesson learned by the MenC ST11 Tuscany epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menichetti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Cisanello Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Fortunato
- Infectious Diseases Department, Cisanello Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricci
- Infectious Diseases Department, Cisanello Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Salani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Cisanello Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Ripoli
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- First Division, Cotugno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Fusco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Maria Annunziata Hospital, Central Tuscany Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Mencarini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Pietro
- S.O.C. Malattie Infettive 2 Pistoia - Prato, Azienda USL Toscana-Centro Ospedale San Jacopo, Pistoia, Italy
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Cleaton JM, Wallace RM, Crowdis K, Gibson A, Monroe B, Ludder F, Etheart MD, Natal Vigilato MA, King A. Impact of community-delivered SMS alerts on dog-owner participation during a mass rabies vaccination campaign, Haiti 2017. Vaccine 2018; 36:2321-5. [PMID: 29580642 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haiti has historically vaccinated between 100,000 and 300,000 dogs annually against rabies, however national authorities have not been able to reach and maintain the 70% coverage required to eliminate the canine rabies virus variant. Haiti conducts massive dog vaccination campaigns on an annual basis and utilizes both central point and door-to-door methods. These methods require that dog owners are aware of the dates and locations of the campaign. To improve this awareness among dog owners, 600,000 text messages were sent to phones in two Haitian communes (Gonaives and Saint-Marc) to remind dog owners to attend the campaign. Text messages were delivered on the second day and at the mid-point of the campaign. A post-campaign household survey was conducted to assess dog owner’s perception of the text messages and the impact on their participation in the vaccination campaign. Overall, 147 of 160 (91.9%) text-receiving dog owners indicated the text was helpful, and 162 of 187 (86.6%) responding dog owners said they would like to receive text reminders during future rabies vaccination campaigns. In areas hosting one-day central point campaigns, dog owners who received the text were 2.0 (95% CI 1.1, 3.6) times more likely to have participated in the campaign (73.1% attendance among those who received the text vs 36.4% among those who did not). In areas incorporating door-to-door vaccination over multiple days there was no significant difference in participation between dog owners who did and did not receive a text. Text message reminders were well-received and significantly improved campaign attendance, indicating that short message service (SMS) alerts may be a successful strategy in low resource areas with large free roaming dog populations.
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Alawieh A, Sabra Z, Langley EF, Bizri AR, Hamadeh R, Zaraket FA. Assessing the impact of the Lebanese National Polio Immunization Campaign using a population-based computational model. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:902. [PMID: 29178859 PMCID: PMC5702188 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After the re-introduction of poliovirus to Syria in 2013, Lebanon was considered at high transmission risk due to its proximity to Syria and the high number of Syrian refugees. However, after a large-scale national immunization initiative, Lebanon was able to prevent a potential outbreak of polio among nationals and refugees. In this work, we used a computational individual-simulation model to assess the risk of poliovirus threat to Lebanon prior and after the immunization campaign and to quantitatively assess the healthcare impact of the campaign and the required standards that need to be maintained nationally to prevent a future outbreak. Methods Acute poliomyelitis surveillance in Lebanon was along with the design and coverage rate of the recent national polio immunization campaign were reviewed from the records of the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. Lebanese population demographics including Syrian and Palestinian refugees were reviewed to design individual-based models that predicts the consequences of polio spread to Lebanon and evaluate the outcome of immunization campaigns. The model takes into account geographic, demographic and health-related features. Results Our simulations confirmed the high risk of polio outbreaks in Lebanon within 10 days of case introduction prior to the immunization campaign, and showed that the current immunization campaign significantly reduced the speed of the infection in the event poliomyelitis cases enter the country. A minimum of 90% national immunization coverage was found to be required to prevent exponential propagation of potential transmission. Conclusions Both surveillance and immunization efforts should be maintained at high standards in Lebanon and other countries in the area to detect and limit any potential outbreak. The use of computational population simulation models can provide a quantitative approach to assess the impact of immunization campaigns and the burden of infectious diseases even in the context of population migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alawieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Sabra
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - E Farris Langley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Abdul Rahman Bizri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Head, Primary Health Care Department, Director of Immunization Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.,National Certification Committee, Polio Eradication Initiative - Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Randa Hamadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Head, Primary Health Care Department, Director of Immunization Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.,National Certification Committee, Polio Eradication Initiative - Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi A Zaraket
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Aznar MN, Arregui M, Humblet MF, Samartino LE, Saegerman C. Methodology for the assessment of brucellosis management practices and its vaccination campaign: example in two Argentine districts. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:281. [PMID: 28882137 PMCID: PMC5590139 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Argentina, vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain 19 vaccine is mandatory. The objective of the study was to develop and test a method for evaluating, in an innovative way, some farmers' and veterinarians' management practices in relation to brucellosis and to assess the vaccination campaign and coverage. The work took place in Brandsen and Navarro districts. Four questionnaires were designed (for officials from Local Sanitary Entities, vaccinators, vet practitioners and farmers). Responses were coded as "ideal" (0) and "not ideal" (1). To assess the relative weight of each question ("item"), experts ranked the items according to their impact on management practices and vaccination. A weighted score was then calculated. A higher weighted score was assigned to the worse practices. Farmers obtaining a global weighted score above the third quartile were classified as "inappropriately managed farms", to be compared per type of production system and district. To assess the immunization coverage, female calves were sampled 30 to 50 days post vaccination; they were expected to react positively to serological diagnostic tests (DT+). RESULTS There were significantly more inappropriately managed farms and higher global scores among beef farmers and in Brandsen. Eighty three percent (83%) of female calves were DT+, significantly under the ideal immunization coverage (95%). Only 48% of farms were considered well vaccinated. DT+ results were positively associated with the Brandsen district (OR = 25.94 [4.60-1146.21] and with the farms having more than 200 cow heads ((OR = 78.34 [4.09-1500.00]). On the contrary, DT+ were less associated with vaccinators being veterinary practitioners (OR = 0.07 [0.006-0.78]). Farmers are well advised by their veterinary practitioners but they should improve some management practices. CONCLUSIONS The vaccination campaign is globally well implemented, but the immunization coverage and some vaccinators' practices should be improved. This study leads to a better understanding of the most common used management and control practices regarding brucellosis, which affect its epidemiology. Any vaccination campaign should be periodically assessed to highlight possible fails. The described methodology can be extrapolated to other countries and different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Aznar
- Instituto de Patobiología, INTA, CICVyA, Hurlingham, PC 1688, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULg), Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, PC 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - M Arregui
- Instituto de Patobiología, INTA, CICVyA, Hurlingham, PC 1688, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Humblet
- Department for Occupational Safety and Health, Biosafety and Biosecurity Unit, University of Liege, PC 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - L E Samartino
- Instituto de Patobiología, INTA, CICVyA, Hurlingham, PC 1688, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULg), Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, PC 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Muthiani Y, Traoré A, Mauti S, Zinsstag J, Hattendorf J. Low coverage of central point vaccination against dog rabies in Bamako, Mali. Prev Vet Med 2015; 120:203-9. [PMID: 25953653 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine rabies remains an important public-health problem in Africa. Dog mass vaccination is the recommended method for rabies control and elimination. We report on the first small-scale mass dog vaccination campaign trial in Bamako, Mali. Our objective was to estimate coverage of the vaccination campaign and to quantify determinants of intervention effectiveness. In September 2013, a central point vaccination campaign--free of cost for dog owners--was carried out in 17 posts on three consecutive days within Bamako's Commune 1. Vaccination coverage and the proportion of ownerless dogs were estimated by combining mark-recapture household and transect surveys using Bayesian modeling. The estimated vaccination coverage was 17.6% (95% Credibility Interval, CI: 14.4-22.1%) which is far below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended vaccination coverage of 70%. The Bayesian estimate for the owned dog population of Commune 1 was 3459 dogs (95% CI: 2786-4131) and the proportion of ownerless dogs was about 8%. The low coverage observed is primarily attributed to low participation by dog owners. Dog owners reported several reasons for not bringing their dogs to the vaccination posts. The most frequently reported reasons for non-attendance were lack of information (25%) and the inability to handle the dog (16%). For 37% of respondents, no clear reason was given for non-vaccination. Despite low coverage, the vaccination campaign in Bamako was relatively easy to implement, both in terms of logistics and organization. Almost half of the participating dog owners brought their pets on the first day of the campaign. Participatory stakeholder processes involving communities and local authorities are needed to identify effective communication channels and locally adapted vaccination strategies, which could include both central-point and door-to-door vaccination.
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