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Wang P, Pan S, Zheng Y, Pan X, Gao Z, Zhou X, Dai F, Li Z, Deng Q, Fang S, Wang H, Zhang S. Four closely related endornaviruses each with a low incidence in the phytopathogenic fungi Exserohilum turcicum or Bipolaris maydis. Virus Res 2024; 339:199256. [PMID: 37898320 PMCID: PMC10628355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Endornaviruses are known to occur widely in plants, fungi, and oomycetes, but our understanding of their diversity and distribution is limited. In this study, we report the discovery of four endornaviruses tentatively named Setosphaeria turcica endornavirus 1 (StEV1), Setosphaeria turcica endornavirus 2 (StEV2), Bipolaris maydis endornavirus 1 (BmEV1), and Bipolaris maydis endornavirus 2 (BmEV2). StEV1 and StEV2 infect Exserohilum turcicum, while BmEV1 and BmEV2 infect Bipolaris maydis. The four viruses encode a polyprotein with less than 40 % amino acid sequence identity to other known endornaviruses, indicating that they are novel, previously undescribed endornaviruses. However, StEV1 and BmEV1 share a sequence identity of 78 % at the full-genome level and 87 % at the polyprotein level, suggesting that they may belong to the same species. Our study also found that each of the four endornaviruses has an incidence of approximately 3.5 % to 5.5 % in E. turcicum or B. maydis. Interestingly, BmEV1 and BmEV2 were found to be unable to transmit between hosts of different vegetative incompatibility groups, which may explain their low incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shouhui Pan
- Anshun Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xin Pan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhongnan Gao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Anshun Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Songbai Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Arshed S, Cox MP, Beever RE, Parkes SL, Pearson MN, Bowen JK, Templeton MD. The Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 vegetative incompatibility genes in Botrytis cinerea encode proteins with domain architectures involved in allorecognition in other filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103827. [PMID: 37640199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative incompatibility is a fungal allorecognition system characterised by the inability of genetically distinct conspecific fungal strains to form a viable heterokaryon and is controlled by multiple polymorphic loci termed vic (vegetative incompatibility) or het (heterokaryon incompatibility). We have genetically identified and characterised the first vic locus in the economically important, plant-pathogenic, necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. A bulked segregant approach coupled with whole genome Illumina sequencing of near-isogenic lines of B. cinerea was used to map a vic locus to a 60-kb region of the genome. Within that locus, we identified two adjacent, highly polymorphic open reading frames, Bcvic1 and Bcvic2, which encode predicted proteins that contain domain architectures implicated in vegetative incompatibility in other filamentous fungi. Bcvic1 encodes a predicted protein containing a putative serine esterase domain, a NACHT family of NTPases domain, and several Ankyrin repeats. Bcvic2 encodes a putative syntaxin protein containing a SNARE domain; such proteins typically function in vesicular transport. Deletion of Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 individually had no effect on vegetative incompatibility. However, deletion of the region containing both Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 resulted in mutant lines that were severely restricted in growth and showed loss of vegetative incompatibility. Complementation of these mutants by ectopic expression restored the growth and vegetative incompatibility phenotype, indicating that Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 are controlling vegetative incompatibility at this vic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadiah Arshed
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Murray P Cox
- Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ross E Beever
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael N Pearson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna K Bowen
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew D Templeton
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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Witte TE, Shields S, Heberlig GW, Darnowski MG, Belov A, Sproule A, Boddy CN, Overy DP, Smith ML. A metabolomic study of vegetative incompatibility in Cryphonectria parasitica. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 157:103633. [PMID: 34619360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative incompatibility (VI) is a form of non-self allorecognition in filamentous fungi that restricts conspecific hyphal fusion and the formation of heterokaryons. In the chestnut pathogenic fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, VI is controlled by six vic loci and has been of particular interest because it impedes the spread of hypoviruses and thus biocontrol strategies. We use nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize alterations in the metabolome of C. parasitica over an eight-day time course of vic3 incompatibility. Our findings support transcriptomic data that indicated remodeling of secondary metabolite profiles occurs during vic3 -associated VI. VI-associated secondary metabolites include novel forms of calbistrin, decumbenone B, a sulfoxygenated farnesyl S-cysteine analog, lysophosphatidylcholines, and an as-yet unidentified group of lipid disaccharides. The farnesyl S-cysteine analog is structurally similar to pheromones predicted to be produced during VI and is here named 'crypheromonin'. Mass features associated with C. parasitica secondary metabolites skyrin, rugulosin and cryphonectric acid were also detected but were not VI specific. Partitioning of VI-associated secondary metabolites was observed, with crypheromonins and most calbistrins accumulating in the growth medium over time, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines, lipid disaccharide-associated mass features and other calbistrin-associated mass features peaked at distinct time points in the mycelium. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and potential biological roles associated with the detected secondary metabolites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Witte
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Sam Shields
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Graham W Heberlig
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Mike G Darnowski
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Anatoly Belov
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Christopher N Boddy
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - David P Overy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Myron L Smith
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, Ottawa, Canada.
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O'Connor E, Owens RA, Doyle S, Amini A, Grogan H, Fitzpatrick DA. Proteomic investigation of interhyphal interactions between strains of Agaricus bisporus. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:579-91. [PMID: 32448449 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyphae of filamentous fungi undergo polar extension, bifurcation and hyphal fusion to form reticulating networks of mycelia. Hyphal fusion or anastomosis, a ubiquitous process among filamentous fungi, is a vital strategy for how fungi expand over their substrate and interact with or recognise self- and non-self hyphae of neighbouring mycelia in their environment. Morphological and genetic characterisation of anastomosis has been studied in many model fungal species, but little is known of the direct proteomic response of two interacting fungal isolates. Agaricus bisporus, the most widely cultivated edible mushroom crop worldwide, was used as an in vitro model to profile the proteomes of interacting cultures. The globally cultivated strain (A15) was paired with two distinct strains; a commercial hybrid strain and a wild isolate strain. Each co-culture presented a different interaction ranging from complete vegetative compatibility (self), lack of interactions, and antagonistic interactions. These incompatible strains are the focus of research into disease-resistance in commercial crops as the spread of intracellular pathogens, namely mycoviruses, is limited by the lack of interhyphal anastomosis. Unique proteomic responses were detected between all co-cultures. An array of cell wall modifying enzymes, plus fungal growth and morphogenesis proteins were found in significantly (P < 0.05) altered abundances. Nitrogen metabolism dominated in the intracellular proteome, with evidence of nitrogen starvation between competing, non-compatible cultures. Changes in key enzymes of A. bisporus morphogenesis were observed, particularly via increased abundance of glucanosyltransferase in competing interactions and certain chitinases in vegetative compatible interactions only. Carbohydrate-active enzyme arsenals are expanded in antagonistic interactions in A. bisporus. Pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism and genetic information processing were higher in interacting cultures, most notably during self-recognition. New insights into the differential response of interacting strains of A. bisporus will enhance our understanding of potential barriers to viral transmission through vegetative incompatibility. Our results suggest that a differential proteomic response occurs between A. bisporus at strain-level and findings from this work may guide future proteomic investigation of fungal anastomosis.
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