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Liu X, Yang F, Li M, Wang S, Sun C. From polyvinyl chloride waste to activated carbons: the role of occurring additives on porosity development and gas adsorption properties. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:154894. [PMID: 35364165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of waste plastic to carbon materials has been considered as a potential approach for plastic recycling. In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic, one of the most widely used polymers, was used as a single precursor to prepare porous carbons via chemical activation process. The results showed that KOH activation followed by acid washing was an effective strategy to recover all calcium- and up to 92% of titanium-based compounds, the main metal additives in PVC, in the form of soluble salt. Those metal additives in PVC acted as a type of hard template, which benefit the development of microporosity and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Textural characterization demonstrated that the prepared carbons possessed high surface area and pore volume of up to 2507 m2/g and 1.11 cm3/g, respectively. At 0 °C and 100 kPa, the PVC-derived carbon, PH_73, which has highest ultra-micropore volume among all samples, exhibited excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 6.90 mmol/g and high CO2/N2 selectivity. Converting the non-degradable PVC into high-quality porous carbon materials could be considered as a potential strategy for plastic waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fangming Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mengbin Li
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Pavlíková M, Zemanová L, Pokorný J, Záleská M, Jankovský O, Lojka M, Sedmidubský D, Pavlík Z. Valorization of wood chips ash as an eco-friendly mineral admixture in mortar mix design. Waste Manag 2018; 80:89-100. [PMID: 30455031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood chips ash coming from biomass heating plant is studied as an eco-friendly mineral admixture in mortar mix design. The raw material was mechanically activated by milling in a vibratory disc mill to a degree of fineness comparable to cement. For the mortars with ash dosage, basic physical, mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties is accessed. The mortars with partial Portland cement replacement with wood chips ash exhibited good functional properties for all studied ash dosages. With increasing amount of the ash used, the average pore diameter decreased due to the partial filler effect of WCHA in mortar mix. The strength activity index was very high for all studied mortars and gave evidence of the wood chips ash pozzolanity. The pozzolan effectiveness coefficient varied from 1.52 to 0.59, which proved the pozzolanity of the studied ash and synergic effects in the Portland cement-ash-water system. The results of leaching tests showed, the chlorides contained in ash were safely immobilized in the silicate matrix. The environmental evaluation revealed decrease in both carbon dioxide production and energy consumption by the use of wood chips ash in mortar mix. For the mortar with 20% substitution of Portland cement with wood chips ash, it represents 15% of CO2 and 16% of energy, as compared with the reference mortar mix. As the developed mortars possess good functional and environmental parameters the analyzed wood chips ash can be considered as an eco-efficient low-cost alternative to other pozzolans for production of blended binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pavlíková
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pokorný
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Záleská
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Lojka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyšek Pavlík
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
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