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Masood N, Hudson-Edwards KA, Zafar T, Farooqi A. Natural carbon mineralization and its control on the geochemical evolution of coal-based aquifers in the Salt Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:7033-7050. [PMID: 37256533 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochemical analysis of the Salt Range was conducted to understand carbon weathering and its impact on groundwater evolution within the complex geological framework of Punjab. Our results showed that groundwater samples were alkaline with a pH range of 7.0-8.6 and 7.8-8.8 for the eastern Salt Range (ESR) and Trans-Indus Salt Range (TSR), respectively, while that of the Central Salt Range (CSR) was acidic to moderately alkaline ranging between 5.7 and 7.5. The water types of Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl2 were the dominant hydro-chemical facies in ESR and CSR sites. However, groundwater of the TSR site falls under Ca-Mg-Cl, Ca-Cl2, and mixed types of Ca-Mg-SO4. Our new findings suggest that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by rock dominance and reverse ion exchange reaction, followed by evapotranspiration processes. The wells of ESR, CSR, and TSR were reported with higher levels of Fe and Zn. Regarding the suitability for irrigation, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), sodium percentage (Na%), Kelley's ratio (KR), and potential salinity (PS) at all three sites (ESR, TSR, and CSR) had the potential to become a salinity hazard. The conceptual model of geochemical evolution shows that both local and regional salinization is driven by local geology and intensive coal mining activities. The neutralization capacity of the parent geological formation buffers the acidity and lowers the overall trace element enrichment. The potential of natural weathering could be further explored as a solution to coal mining's impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Masood
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Karen A Hudson-Edwards
- Environment and Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR710 9EZ, UK
| | - Tehseen Zafar
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Guo Y, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhang Y, Du J, Liao L. Using stable isotopes (δ 2H and δ 18O) and hydrochemistry to understand the genesis and hydrochemical processes of groundwater in Chongming Island, Yangtze Estuary. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28401-3. [PMID: 37358776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an indispensable freshwater resource and its quality is significant in supporting sustainable social and economic development, particularly in estuarine islands where aquifers are complicated. In this study, a total of 19 groundwater and 4 surface water samples were collected in September 2022 to identify the origin and hydrogeochemical evolution processes of groundwater using stable isotopes and hydrochemistry in Chongming Island, which is the largest estuarine alluvial island in the world. The stable isotopic composition indicated that shallow groundwater and surface water are all derived from precipitation recharge under a humid climate, and the evaporative effect incurs the enrichment of isotopic compositions. The shallow groundwater and surface water were primarily of Ca-HCO3 type. Gibbs diagram, ionic correlation analysis, ionic ratios analysis, and mineral saturation indices suggested that water-rock interactions like carbonate and silicate weathering play a vital role in groundwater chemistry, but cation exchange reactions are weak. Revelle index (RI) result indicated that 10.5% of shallow groundwater samples were found to suffer seawater intrusion. The NO3- concentrations were between l2.0 and 180.8 mg/L with 31.6% of groundwater samples exceeding the World health organization (WHO) standards (50 mg/L). Agricultural activities and industrial activities were found to be mainly responsible for groundwater pollution in shallow groundwater. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for better managing groundwater resources on coastal estuarine islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugeng Guo
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Du
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
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Chen C, Li B, Zhu M, Wang X, Liu G, Deng Y. Multi-isotope identification of key hydrogeochemical processes and pollution pathways of groundwater in abandoned mining areas in Southwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27607-9. [PMID: 37266785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is considered one of the serious environmental issues in the mining area. Understanding the key processes and pathways of hydrogeochemical evolution is critical for the effective control of AMD pollution. Hydrogeochemical analysis along with environmental isotope tracing was utilized to provide information regarding the hydrogeochemical process of groundwater pollution by using the multi-aquifer of abandoned Dashu pyrite in Southwest China as an example. Using the deuterium excess parameter d of groundwater and the results of 2H, 18O, and T analysis, the water-rock interaction intensity was determined. The distribution characteristics of d-T revealed that the groundwater primarily originated from the Quaternary reservoir platform groundwater and that there was a close hydraulic connection among the aquifers. The results of ion analysis and sulfur isotope tracing indicated that the sulfur in groundwater was primarily derived from gypsum dissolution, whereas the sulfur in mine water was primarily derived from pyrite oxidation. The results of the hydrogeochemical inversion indicated that mining activities altered the water level and flow conditions, promoted water-rock interactions, altered the hydrogeochemical process, and caused aquifer and mine water cross-contamination. The findings provide theoretical guidance for identifying the pollution sources and critical hydrogeochemical processes that affect groundwater in depleted mining areas of multi-aquifers and also provide technical support for developing water source control and prevention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, China
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Mingtan Zhu
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Guo Liu
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Yinger Deng
- College of Environment Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
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Shi Q, Gao Z, Guo H, Zeng X, Sandanayake S, Vithanage M. Hydrogeochemical factors controlling the occurrence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2611-2627. [PMID: 36063240 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has posed a serious threat to human health around the world. The link between the prevalence of CKDu and groundwater geochemistry is not well understood. To identify the potential geogenic risk factors, we collected 52 groundwater samples related to CKDu (CKDu groundwater) and 18 groundwater samples related to non-CKDu (non-CKDu groundwater) from the typical CKDu prevailing areas in Sri Lanka. Results demonstrated that CKDu groundwater had significantly higher Si (average 30.1 mg/L, p < 0.05) and F- (average 0.80 mg/L, p < 0.05) concentrations than those of non-CKDu groundwater (average 21.0 and 0.45 mg/L, respectively), indicating that Si and F- were the potential risk factors causing CKDu. The principal hydrogeochemical process controlling local groundwater chemistry was chemical weathering of silicates in Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Groundwater samples were mostly undersaturated with respect to amorphous silica and clay minerals such as talc and sepiolite, which was conducive to silicate weathering and elevated Si concentrations in groundwater. Decreased Ca2+ being facilitated by calcite precipitation and cation exchange between Ca2+ and Na+ favored fluorite dissolution and thus led to high groundwater F- concentrations. Competitive adsorption between [Formula: see text] and F- also enhanced the release of F- from solid surfaces. This study highlights the CKDu potential risk factors regarding groundwater geochemistry and their enrichment factors, which helps in preventing the prevalence of CKDu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | - Xianjiang Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Sandun Sandanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Blake JM, Peters SC. The occurrence and dominant controls on arsenic in the Newark and Gettysburg Basins. Sci Total Environ 2015; 505:1340-1349. [PMID: 24565223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater and rocks have been found in crystalline and sedimentary aquifers from New England to Pennsylvania, USA. The arsenic geochemistry and water-rock interactions of the Northern Appalachian Mountains and the Newark Basin have been researched at length, however, little is known about arsenic in the Gettysburg Basin. Both the Newark and Gettysburg Basins were formed during the breakup of Pangea, sediment deposition occurred during the Triassic and lithologies are of similar depositional environment. We compile and review the work done in the Newark Basin and collect new samples in the Gettysburg Basin for comparison. The Gettysburg Basin has 18%-39% of rock samples with arsenic concentrations greater than the crustal average of 2 mg/kg, while the Newark Basin has 73% to 95% of rock samples above the crustal average. The strongest controls on arsenic in rocks of the Gettysburg Basin are the relationship between arsenic and iron and silicon concentrations while the strongest controls in the Newark Basin are the relationship between arsenic and iron and organic carbon concentrations. The groundwater arsenic concentrations follow similarly with 8-39% of water samples from the Gettysburg Basin above 10 μg/L and 24-54% of water samples from the Newark Basin above 10 μg/L. The strongest controls on arsenic in water of the Gettysburg Basin are pH, alkalinity and silicon, while the strongest controls in the Newark Basin are pH and alkalinity.
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