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Wang H, Chen J, Qiu M, Shi Z, Zhang S, Dong G, Ma S, Ai T, Ren G, Chen F. Climate change drove the route shift of the ancient Silk Road in two distinct ways. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1153-1160. [PMID: 38433030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although climate change has convincingly been linked to the evolution of human civilization on different temporal scales, its role in influencing the spatial patterns of ancient civilizations has rarely been investigated. The northward shift of the ancient Silk Road (SR) route from the Tarim Basin (TB) to the Junggar Basin during ∼420-850 CE provides the opportunity to investigate the relationship between climate change and the spatial evolution of human societies. Here, we use a new high-resolution chironomid-based temperature reconstruction from arid China, combined with hydroclimatic and historical datasets, to assess the possible effects of climate fluctuations on the shift of the ancient SR route. We found that a cooling/drying climate in the TB triggered the SR route shift during ∼420-600 CE. However, a warming/wetting climate during ∼600-850 CE did not inhibit this shift, but instead promoted it, because of the favorable climate-induced geopolitical conflicts between the Tubo Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty in the TB. Our findings reveal two distinct ways in which climate change drove the spatial evolution of human civilization, and they demonstrate the flexibility of societal responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Menghan Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhilin Shi
- Institute of Dunhuang Studies, School of History & Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengda Zhang
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Guan Ren
- Archaeology of Northern Ethnicity Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fahu Chen
- ALPHA, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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He G, Zhao S, Wang X. Evaluation of water resources security in Anhui Province based on GA-BP model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32937-3. [PMID: 38573578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Water resources security is an important cornerstone of regional sustainable development, but the current evaluation system of water resources security is not scientific, and the measurement of safety level has not been optimized by combining algorithms. In this paper, indicators are selected according to the actual situation in Anhui Province. Firstly, correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to reduce the dimensionality of indicators, and then, the scientific evaluation is carried out based on genetic algorithm optimized back propagation neural network (GA-BP). This paper improves the generalization ability of the evaluation model and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional model, which is slow in convergence and easy to fall into local optimality. The results showed that the water resources security level showed an obvious improvement trend from 2006 to 2020 and stabilized at a relatively safe level from 2014 to 2020. The subsystem of water resources environmental security is the least secure, followed by the subsystem of social and economic security, and the security of water resources regulation and response is basically stable at a relatively safe level. The conclusion of this study can provide decision-making basis for the relevant research of government, society, and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Shuhang Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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3
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Yang J, Winrich A, Zhang T, Qiao L, Mattingly C, Zou C. Responses of streamflow to forest expansion in a typical subhumid watershed under future climate conditions. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120780. [PMID: 38569267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Water availability in the subhumid region is highly vulnerable to frequent droughts. Water scarcity in this region has become a limiting factor for ecosystem health, human livelihood, and regional economic development. A notable pattern of land cover change in the subhumid region of the United States is the increasing forest area due to afforestation/reforestation and woody plant encroachment (WPE). Given the distinct hydrological processes and runoff generation between forests and grasslands, it is important to evaluate the impacts of forest expansion on water resources, especially under future climate conditions. In this study, we focused on a typical subhumid watershed in the United States - the Little River Watershed (LRW). Utilizing SWAT + simulations, we projected streamflow dynamics at the end of the 21st century in two climate scenarios (RCP45 and RCP85) and eleven forest expansion scenarios. In comparison to the period of 2000-2019, future climate change during 2080-2099 will increase streamflow in the Little River by 5.1% in the RCP45 but reduce streamflow significantly by 30.1% in the RCP85. Additionally, our simulations revealed a linear decline in streamflow with increasing forest coverage. If all grasslands in LRW were converted into forests, it would lead to an additional 41% reduction in streamflow. Of significant concern is Lake Thunderbird, the primary reservoir supplying drinking water to the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Our simulation showed that if all grasslands were replaced by forests, Lake Thunderbird during 2080-2099 would experience an average of 8.6 years in the RCP45 and 9.4 years in the RCP85 with water inflow amount lower than that during the extreme drought event in 2011/2012. These findings hold crucial implications for the formulation of policies related to afforestation/reforestation and WPE management in subhumid regions, which is essential to ensuring the sustainability of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Abigail Winrich
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lei Qiao
- Oklahoma Water Resources Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Chris Zou
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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He L, Du X, Zhao J, Chen H. Exploring the coupling coordination relationship of water resources, socio-economy and eco-environment in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170705. [PMID: 38325446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Water resources (W), socio-economy (S), and eco-environment (E) have incredibly intricate linkages of interaction, and the coordination of them is crucial to the long-term sustainability of a nation. Thus, we considered "water resources, socio-economy, and eco-environment" (W-S-E) as a composite system and constructed an evaluation model to quantitatively analyze the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of W-S-E system in China from 2011 to 2020. Then, the spatial correlation characteristics were analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation method. To analyze the time evolution patterns of the W-S-E system, this paper divided the stages from the perspective of clustering, which is more scientific and interpretable than the CCD fixed-value division. We found that: (1) W subsystem, S subsystem and E subsystem were closely connected and its CCD was enhanced with relatively higher growth rates in the development of S subsystem but slower growth rates in the W subsystem. (2) The CCD of W-S-E system had spatial correlation. The areas with low CCD were concentrated in the west of China, forming poor coordinated development phenomena. Conversely, most of provinces had relatively high CCD in the east of China with the coastal region playing radiative driving function. (3) The temporal change of W-S-E system followed four transforming patterns including "policy-oriented type", "resource problems constraint type", "socio-economy leading type", and "special location controlling type". Furthermore, we also put forward some advice and policy suggestions. The findings provide research basis and guidance for the sustainable and coordinated development of water, society and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Xinqiang Du
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Kazemi Garajeh M, Haji F, Tohidfar M, Sadeqi A, Ahmadi R, Kariminejad N. Spatiotemporal monitoring of climate change impacts on water resources using an integrated approach of remote sensing and Google Earth Engine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5469. [PMID: 38443699 PMCID: PMC10915166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a data-driven approach employed by utilizing the product called JRC-Global surface water mapping layers V1.4 on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to map and monitor the effects of climate change on surface water resources. Key climatic variables affecting water bodies, including air temperature (AT), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and total precipitation, were analyzed from 2000 to 2021 using the temperature-vegetation index (TVX) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The findings demonstrate a clear association between global warming and the shrinking of surface water resources in the LUB. According to the results, an increase in AT corresponded to a decrease in water surface area, highlighting the significant influence of AT and ETa on controlling the water surface in the LUB (partial rho of - 0.65 and - 0.68, respectively). Conversely, no significant relationship was found with precipitation and water surface area (partial rho of + 0.25). Notably, the results of the study indicate that over the past four decades, approximately 40% of the water bodies in the LUB remained permanent. This suggests a loss of around 30% of the permanent water resources, which have transitioned into seasonal water bodies, accounting for nearly 13% of the total. This research provides a comprehensive framework for monitoring surface water resource variations and assessing the impact of climate change on water resources. It aids in the development of sustainable water management strategies and plans, supporting the preservation and effective use of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Garajeh
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- School of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via Nazario Sauro 85, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Fatemeh Haji
- Department of Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing and GIS, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tohidfar
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Sadeqi
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Reyhaneh Ahmadi
- Department of Regional and City Planning, Christopher C. Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | - Narges Kariminejad
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Sun M, Zhang L, Yang R, Li X, Zhao J, Liu Q. Water resource dynamics and protection strategies for inland lakes: A case study of Hongjiannao Lake. Journal of Environmental Management 2024; 355:120462. [PMID: 38422851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Globally, lakes are drying up and shrinking and inland lakes, in particular, face severe water shortage problems. Thus, the degradation mechanisms and protection measures for inland lakes urgently need to be explored. Hongjiannao Lake (HL), an inland lake on the border of Shaanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, was selected for the present case study. The evolution of HL was analyzed and the current lake water storage was measured on site. The driving factors of water resource changes in HL were discussed based on meteorological and landcover data. The results showed that (1) from 1929 to 2021, the lake area of HL experienced four stages: formation, stability, shrinkage and recovery. The smallest water area was 31.08 km2 in 2015, half the size of lake in the 1960s. (2) Spatially, the morphological changes of HL mainly occurred where the rivers entered the lake. (3) In 2021, the average depth of HL was 3.77 m, and the water storage capacity was 140.56 million m3. (4) The annual average evaporation was 3.36 times the amount of the annual average precipitation in Hongjiannao Basin (HB), but climate change was not the main driver of changes in the HL area. (5) In the past 20 years, cultivated land and artificial surface increased by 3.11% and 1.04%, respectively, whereas grassland and water body decreased by 3.51% and 0.45%, respectively. The expansion of cultivated land and artificial surface, as well as the construction of reservoirs upstream of the lake, hindered the replenishment of water resources to HL. This study recommends a range of strategies for water resource protection in inland lakes, including implementing ecological restoration projects, carrying out inter-basin water transfer measures, improving the efficiency of regional water resource use, and improving industrial structure and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Rongjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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7
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Sultana F, McAllister T, Katyaini S, Blackstock MD. How to achieve safe water access for all: work with local communities. Nature 2024; 627:732-734. [PMID: 38519627 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
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8
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Ebrahimi Sarindizaj E, Khorsandi M. Letter to the Editor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169115. [PMID: 38065484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A paper recently published entitled "Water crisis in Iran: A system dynamics approach on water, energy, food, land, and climate (WEFLC) nexus" (Barati et al., 2023). In the mentioned study, a WEFLC model is developed to analyze the water scarcity in Iran. Water crisis, as a complex and challenging issue, has different interdependencies in the context of socio-ecological systems (SES), making it an incorrigible issue. The original paper attempted to assess the water resource dynamics through a systemic lens and explore the impact of various driving forces of water resource planning and management on the water crisis. Iran is a well-studied country, especially around water-related problems. Many interesting facts and findings through the water scarcity analysis in the context of WEFLC are mentioned in the original paper. For instance, it is highlighted that "Mitigation and adaptation policies must be system-oriented and coherent at sectors." However, the original paper did not benefit enough from the previous studies and the full potential of available data. Moreover, some arguments contradict previous findings and, in some cases, are logically flawed. The original paper barely alludes to the nonlinear functional relationships among the components of WEFLC, the core expected component in complex system analysis. Incorrect problem statement formation, flawed methodology, insufficient information on the applied method, ambiguity in models' coupling or cohesion, lack of rational explanation, and inappropriate interpretations of abnormal findings may even mislead many readers. This paper aims to point out some concerns related to the problems mentioned above in the published study, with suggestions to improve the current study and methodological notes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Khorsandi
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Hailegnaw NS, Bayabil HK, Berihun ML, Teshome FT, Shelia V, Getachew F. Integrating machine learning and empirical evapotranspiration modeling with DSSAT: Implications for agricultural water management. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169403. [PMID: 38110092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The availability of accurate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data is crucial for developing decision support systems for optimal water resource management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three empirical models (Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Priestly-Taylor (PT), and Turc (TU)) and three machine learning models (Multiple linear regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (NN)) in estimating daily ETo compared to the Penman-Monteith FAO-56 (PM) model. Long-term data from 42 weather stations in Florida were used. Moreover, the effect of ETo model selection on sweet corn irrigation water use was investigated by integrating simulated ETo data from empirical and ML models using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model at two locations (Citra and Homestead) in Florida. Furthermore, a linear bias correction calibration technique was employed to improve the performance of empirical models. Results were consistent in that the NN and RF models outperformed the empirical models. The empirical models tended to underestimate and overestimate small and high daily ETo values, respectively, with the HS model exhibiting the least accuracy. However, calibrated PT and TU models performed comparably to the ML models. Results also revealed that using an inappropriate ETo model could lead to over-irrigation by up to 54 mm during a single crop season. Overall, ML models have proven reliable alternatives to the PM model, especially in regions with access to long-term data due to their site-independent performance. In areas without long-term data for ML model training and testing, calibrating empirical models is viable, but site-specific calibration is needed. It is important to highlight that distinct plant species exhibit varying transpiration characteristics and, consequently, have different water requirements. These differences play a pivotal role in shaping the overall impact of ETo models on crop water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - Haimanote K Bayabil
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA.
| | - Mulatu Liyew Berihun
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA; Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Tilahun Teshome
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - Vakhtang Shelia
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fikadu Getachew
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA; Division of Basin Management and Modeling, St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL, USA
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Cangola J, Abagale FK, Cobbina SJ. A systematic review of pharmaceutical and personal care products as emerging contaminants in waters: The panorama of West Africa. Sci Total Environ 2024; 911:168633. [PMID: 37981152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are widely used to prevent or treat human and animal diseases, thereby improving the quality of daily life. Poor management of post-consumer products is recognized worldwide, as they negatively affect the ecosystems where they are discharged. The first action to prevent negative impacts is the state of knowledge regarding their occurrence. This paper critically reports the panorama of West Africa in terms of PPCPs occurrence in different water sources. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted on PPCPs in West Africa following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases, including African Journals Online, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Dimensions, were used for this search. Thirty-five articles, representing 58 % of West African countries, were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these articles, one included data from multiple West African countries, while the remaining 34 exclusively focused on Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. The results revealed a variety of PPCPs investigated, about 27 groups and 112 compounds, with greater emphasis on antibiotics, analgesics and PSHXEs. HPLC was the predominant analytical method used, resulting in total concentrations of PPCPs in the range of 200,000 to 3,200,000 ng/L in drinking water, 12 to 700,000 ng/L in groundwater, 0.42 to 107,800,000 ng/L in surface water, 8.5 to 121,310,000 ng/L in wastewater, and 440 to 421,700 ng/L in tap water. Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon reported the highest number of PPCPs investigated and consequently the highest concentration of cases. These compounds present a high potential ecological risk, with >50 % exceeding the risk quotient limit. Therefore, West Africa as a community needs integrated approaches and strategies to monitor water, especially transboundary resources. This review is timely and provides pertinent information to policymakers and researchers on PPCPs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Cangola
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Felix K Abagale
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Engineering, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samuel J Cobbina
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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11
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Witze A. The Solar System has a new ocean - it's buried in a small Saturn moon. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00345-9. [PMID: 38326420 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
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12
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Kong Q, Huang H. Coupling coordination analysis and key factors between urbanization and water resources in ecologically fragile areas: a case study of the Yellow River Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:10818-10837. [PMID: 38214858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization (UR) and industrialization in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) have resulted in a significant scarcity of water resources (WRs), highlighting the need to investigate the complex and dynamic relationship between UR and WR for sustainable urban development in ecologically fragile areas. This study utilizes the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), spatial correlation analysis, and Tobit model to examine the coupling coordination relationship, spatial effects, and key factors between UR and WR in sixty prefecture-level cities within the YRB. The empirical findings reveal that the development of the WR subsystem lags behind the UR subsystem and that there is a significant spatial disequilibrium in the CCD between UR and WR. Specifically, the high-high clusters are located in the northwest and east, while the low-low clusters are spread in the southwest. Furthermore, investment in science and technology and economic development have a positive impact on the CCD, while government capacity, urban construction, and industrial structure have a negative impact. These results can provide valuable guidance for decision-making in urban planning for ecologically fragile areas facing water supply constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Zhang
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingshen Kong
- College of Business, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- College of Business, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China.
- Digital Hu Huanyong Line Research Institute, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China.
- Yangtze River Economic Belt Research Institution of RUC, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
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Vinayagam V, Sikarwar D, Das S, Pugazhendhi A. Envisioning the innovative approaches to achieve circular economy in the water and wastewater sector. Environ Res 2024; 241:117663. [PMID: 37980981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the challenges of urbanization and rapid resource depletion, policymakers have been compelled to abandon the old sequential paradigm of "take-make-use-dispose" to a circular approach that prioritizes preservation of natural resources. The circular economy represents a sustainable management concept that focuses on reducing, recovering, reusing, and recycling waste. While significant strides have been made in implementing circular economy principles in various industries such as automotive, electronics, and construction, particular attention has been given to the water and wastewater domains due to imbalances in water resources. Here we review the global progress of circular economy adoptability in the water and wastewater domains, considering technical, environmental, economic, and social perspectives. It assesses the current state of circular economy integration in the wastewater domain worldwide and presents approaches to promote and accelerate its adoption. The study critically examines the principles of waste management, known as the 6Rs (reclaim, restore, recycle, reduce, recover, reuse), in order to formulate effective strategies for integrating circular economy practices in the water and wastewater domains. Additionally, the study provides an overview of existing research conducted on different aspects of circular economy. Finally, the study analyzes the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing circular economy principles in the water sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Divyanshu Sikarwar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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MacAllister DJ. Groundwater decline is global but not universal. Nature 2024; 625:668-670. [PMID: 38267676 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
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Gonçalves IZ, Mendonça FC, Sanches AC, Marin FR. Optimizing evapotranspiration and crop irrigation requirements of tropical forages cropping systems in Southern Brazil. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:57-67. [PMID: 37880506 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Crop irrigation requirements are usually estimated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as determined by the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc). There is a lack of knowledge on the irrigation requirements of tropical forage crops in Brazil, contrasting with the increasing use of irrigation in pastures. The effort of this study was to investigate what would be the water needs of tropical forages in Southern Brazil, based on a robust experimental database. The study was carried out in São Paulo State-Brazil using different forages species and their combinations [Guinea grass (GG); Guinea grass + black oat + ryegrass (GOR); Bermuda grass (BG), and Bermuda + black oat + ryegrass (BOR)]. The experimental fields were fully irrigated, and the Kc values were derived from ETc measurements on lysimeters; ETo was estimated using daily data from a nearby weather station and the standard FAO56 parameterization. Mean daily ETc values for GG, GOR, BG and BOR were 4.1, 2.9, 3.6, and 3.4 mm, respectively, and respective mean Kc values were 0.99, 0.90, 1.0, and 0.94. Average Kc values for all plots decreased as ETo increased, producing a negative Kc-ETo relationship, mainly when ETo reached values greater than 5 mm d-1. This was most likely due to internal plant stomatal resistance to vapor release from the leaves diffusing to the atmosphere at high ETo. So, the time-based Kc curves described by FAO 56 manual should be adjusted for the analyzed crops considering different ranges of ETo to improve the required irrigation depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Z Gonçalves
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando C Mendonça
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur C Sanches
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Marin
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Dile YT, Bayabil HK, Ayana EK, Worqlul AW, Srinivasan R, Lefore N, Berihun ML. Evaluating the effects of DEM and soil data resolution on streamflow and sediment yield simulations in the Upper Blue Nile basin. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:71. [PMID: 38127159 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
While the availability of "big data" on biophysical parameters through citizen science and/or from public/private sources is expected to help in addressing data scarcity issues, there is little understanding of whether and/or how such data will improve watershed simulations. This research aimed to evaluate whether improvements in resolutions of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and soil data will enhance streamflow and sediment yield simulations and thereby improve soil and water management decisions. The study was conducted in two different-sized watersheds (Anjeni and Gilgel Abay with ~ 1 km2 and ~ 1655 km2 area, respectively) in the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia. Effects of DEM and soil data resolutions on streamflow and sediment yield were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results showed that the effect of DEM and soil data resolution on streamflow and sediment yield simulation was scale dependent finer resolution DEM and soil datasets improved streamflow and sediment yield simulations in the smaller Anjeni watershed, whereas DEM resolution had no effect in the bigger Gilgel Abay watershed. Small watersheds are often used to understand watershed processes, and thus the use of finer-resolution spatial data for watershed simulations could result in better results. Findings from the smaller Anjeni watershed suggested that the combined use of finer resolution DEM and soil data could potentially improve sediment yield simulations although the lack of observed sediment yield data did not allow verification of this at the larger Gilgel Abay watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihun T Dile
- Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd., Room 305, College Station, TX, 77843-2120, USA
| | - Haimanote K Bayabil
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Essayas K Ayana
- California Department of Water Resources, 715 P Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Abeyou W Worqlul
- Backland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, 720 East Backland Road, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Raghavan Srinivasan
- Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd., Room 305, College Station, TX, 77843-2120, USA
| | - Nicole Lefore
- The Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 578 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mulatu Liyew Berihun
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
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Gleick P. The most important issue about water is not supply, but how it is used. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03899-2. [PMID: 38097788 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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Gies E. The human factor in water disasters. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03962-y. [PMID: 38097789 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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Brody H. Water: a source of life and strife. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03961-z. [PMID: 38097795 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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Savage N. How to take 'forever' out of forever chemicals. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03876-9. [PMID: 38097794 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
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Eisenstein M. Fresh water from thin air. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03875-w. [PMID: 38097785 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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Fairley P. Sizing up hydrogen's hydrological footprint. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03884-9. [PMID: 38097796 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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23
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Dolgin E. Water and warfare: the battle to control a precious resource. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03883-w. [PMID: 38097786 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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Zheng J, Liu Z, He X, Luo Z. Insights into long-term changes of groundwater levels in the typical region of Zhangjiakou City, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:121138-121149. [PMID: 37950126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on the long-term changes of groundwater levels and their associated influencing factors. Zhangjiakou City was chosen as a case to reveal the temporal and spatial dynamics of groundwater level and its driving factors in the long term. Herein, the observation data of groundwater level from 56 wells was investigated from 1981 to 2015, including the collected meteorological data, socio-economic data, and groundwater resource exploitation situation. Results showed that the groundwater level in Zhangjiakou City tended to be decreased, and the decrease rate was gradually accelerated. In the past 35 years, the groundwater level of Bashang Plateau has decreased by 3.59 m < 3.6 m in Yuyang Basin < 7.17 m in Zhuohuai Basin < 20.41 m in Chaixuan Basin. The dynamic changes of groundwater level in four geomorphic units in Zhangjiakou City were significant correlation between the total population and other socio-economic factors, including primary industry production value; common cultivated land area; effective irrigation area; total grain yield; total vegetable yield; total production of pork, beef, and mutton; secondary industry production value; tertiary industry production value; and year-end total population. Furthermore, the principal component analysis of groundwater level variation in Zhangjiakou city showed that the variance contribution rates of the first principal component in the characteristic indicators of the Bashang Plateau, Chaixuan Basin, Zhuohuai Basin, and Yuyang Basin were 75.7%, 83.9%, 66.1%, and 77.8%, respectively, which mainly reflect the information of socio-economic factors. This indicated that socio-economic factors were the main driving factor influencing the continuous decline of groundwater levels in Zhangjiakou City. The obtained findings can provide new insights into the sustainable development of social economy and the rational utilization and allocation of regional water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zixi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xinnuo He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Gewin V. City-based scientists get creative to tackle rural-research needs. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02992-w. [PMID: 37990086 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
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Gonçalves IZ, Neale CMU, Suyker A, Marin FR. Evapotranspiration adjustment for irrigated maize-soybean rotation systems in Nebraska, USA. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:1869-1879. [PMID: 37674062 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation water requirements are commonly estimated based on the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as determined by the reference evapotranspiration (ETr) and crop coefficient (Kc). Recent studies show that, at high evaporative demand (high ETr), Kc tends to decrease, creating an inverse ETr-Kc relationship. The focus of this long-term study is to, if at high atmosphere demand, there is the same inverse ETr-Kc relationship in Nebraska, USA, one of the most intensely irrigated regions in the world, and as a result, propose an adjustment to the Kc-ETr approach. The study was carried out in eastern Nebraska for maize-soybean rotation fields for the period 2002-2012. The Kc was estimated based on energy balance data from eddy covariance flux towers installed in the field and a nearby automated weather station throughout the growing seasons. We found that average Kc values varied depending on the year under high ETr; measured ETc agreed reasonably well with the FAO-56 manual predicted values, but in years with high ETr such as 2012 and 2002 affecting ETc values over the growing season. It was observed that Kc decreased as ETr increased, mainly when ETr reaches values greater than 6 mm d-1 (P values < 0.001). This most likely was due to internal plant stomatal resistance to vapor release from the leaves diffusing to the atmosphere at high atmospheric demands. So, the time-based Kc curves described by FAO 56 manual should be adjusted for the analyzed crops considering different ranges of ETr to improve the required irrigation depth and irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Z Gonçalves
- Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | | | - Andy Suyker
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Fábio R Marin
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Hussein H. Stop violation of international water laws in Gaza. Nature 2023; 623:253. [PMID: 37935968 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
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Rodrigues M. The Amazon's record-setting drought: how bad will it be? Nature 2023; 623:675-676. [PMID: 37964115 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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Pardikar R. Grand plan to drought-proof India could reduce rainfall. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03193-1. [PMID: 37867177 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
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Reid N, Emmerson MC. Britain and Ireland's largest lake is dying in plain sight. Nature 2023; 622:697. [PMID: 37919519 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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Santos de Lima L, Magalhães de Oliveira HF, Fleischmann AS, Macedo MN. Extreme drought is again isolating people in Amazonia. Nature 2023; 622:697. [PMID: 37875619 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Nuwer R. Changing old viticulture for all the right rieslings. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02974-y. [PMID: 37730788 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
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Gewin V. I ski for miles in the wilderness to measure dust atop snow. Nature 2023; 621:218. [PMID: 37667059 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Xiang T. Heishan Gorge project: learn from past oversights. Nature 2023; 621:42. [PMID: 37670056 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
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Tollefson J. Maui fires could taint the island's waters - scientists are investigating. Nature 2023; 621:16-17. [PMID: 37648835 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Conroy G. How Beijing's deadly floods could be avoided. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-01258-9. [PMID: 37537292 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
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Karimi A, Kheirandish F, Javadi Mamaghani A, Taghipour N, Mousavi SF, Aghajani A, Zebardast N, Faraji M, Fallahi S. Identification and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. in the water resources of western Iran. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 22:e00308. [PMID: 37638113 PMCID: PMC10450349 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acanthamoeba spp. is opportunistic amoeba that resides in water, soil, and air. Some pathogenic genotypes of the genus of Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) in people with a defective immune system. The parasite can also cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) among contact lens users. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the Acanthamoeba genotypes in water resources in Lorestan province, western Iran. Methods Collected 72 water samples from surface and groundwater (springs and aqueducts) in Lorestan province. Samples were filtered and cultured in non-nutrient 1.5% agar medium covered with Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 25 °C. DNA extraction was done and the PCR reaction was performed to detect the Acanthamoeba spp. The positive PCR products were sequenced to determine the genotypes of Acanthamoeba. Results Out of 72 examined water samples, 23.61% were positive for Acanthamoeba sp. by PCR. From PCR-positive samples, 8 (47.05%) samples were T4 genotypes and others were other Acanthamoeba genotypes (T1-T23). Therefore, approximately half of the genotypes belong to the pathogenic T4 genotype. Conclusions The water examined samples in western provinces of Iran have the potential risk factor for public health. Therefore, the efforts of healthcare providers are needed to identify, train, and prevention from human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Karimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
- Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syedeh Fatemeh Mousavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Aghajani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, faculty of medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nozhat Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Majid Faraji
- MSc in Parasitology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Lozano VL, Sánchez ML. Children on fieldwork: how two scientist mothers made it happen. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02471-2. [PMID: 37528198 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
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Water crisis: how local technologies can help solve a global problem. Nature 2023; 620:7. [PMID: 37528171 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
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Vidal Valero M. Threatened Mexican oasis loses its main researcher and protector - will it survive? Nature 2023; 620:255-256. [PMID: 37524966 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
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Haseeb M, Farid HU, Khan ZM, Anjum MN, Ahmad A, Mubeen M. Quantifying irrigation water demand and supply gap using remote sensing and GIS in Multan, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:990. [PMID: 37491409 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Human interventions and rapid changes in land use adversely affect the adequate distribution of water resources. A research study was conducted to quantify the gap between demand and supply for irrigation water in Multan, Pakistan, which may lead to sustainable water management. Two remotely sensed images (Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 TM) were downloaded for the years 2010 and 2020, and supervised classification method was performed for the selected land use land cover (LULC) classes and basic framework. During the evaluation, the kappa coefficient was found in the ranges of 0.83-0.85, and overall accuracy was found to be more than 80% which indicated a substantial agreement between the classified maps and the ground truth data for both years and seasons. The LULC maps showed that urbanization has increased by 49% during the last decade (2010-2020). Reduction in planting areas for wheat (9%), cotton (24%), and orchards (46%) was observed. An increase in planting areas for rice (92%) and sugarcane (63%) was observed. The changing LULC pattern may be related to variation in water demand and supply for irrigation. The irrigation water demand has decreased by 370.2 Mm3 from 2010 to 2020, due to the reduction in agricultural land and an increase in urbanization. Available irrigation water supply (canals/rainfall) was estimated as 2432 Mm3 for the year 2020 which was 26% less than that of total irrigation water demand (3281 Mm3). The findings also provide the database for sustainable water management and equitable distribution of water in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Umar Farid
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Mahmood Khan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anjum
- Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaq Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
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Tozer L. Water pollution 'timebomb' threatens global health. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02337-7. [PMID: 37463998 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
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45
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Sharma MD, Gupta P, Chauhan S, Panwar R, Singh S, Kumar P, Kulshrestha S. Seasonal impact on microbiological quality of drinking water in Solan City of Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:930. [PMID: 37432463 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination with faecal matter is usually the main cause of microbial waterborne diseases. Such diseases are an alarming situation for small cities in developing countries like India. In this research, to check the microbiological status of drinking water in Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), water samples were collected from baories/stepwells (n = 14), handpumps (n = 9), and the municipal water distribution system (MWDS) (n = 2) in alternative months of the year (covering three main seasons). In 6 months, 150 samples were collected, and they were all examined for the presence of total coliforms and other bacterial pathogens. The associations between the isolates' ecological and seasonal prevalence were also examined. The coliforms were detected by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, whose range was noticed from the 2-540/100-ml MPN index. The colony forming unit (CFU) count for different samples at the base log 10 value ranged from 3.03 to 6.19. Different genera isolated and identified were Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric subsp. enterica, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, 74% of the isolates identified in water samples were from the Enterobacteriaceae family. E. coli was about 42.67% (n = 102), followed by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 20.92% (n = 50), Staphylococcus aureus 13.38% (n = 32), Pseudomonas spp. 12.55% (n = 30), and Klebsiella spp. 10.46% (n = 25) amongst the total of 239 isolates. The seasonal impact and the dependency of the occurrence of bacteria on one another were determined to be insignificant in the Spearman correlation test. These results showed that external factors (anthropogenic activities) are mainly responsible for the presence of these bacteria in water resources. The occurrence of bacterial isolates has been noticed in all water samples, irrespective of collecting site or season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Devi Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Center for Omics and Biodiversity Research, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, The Mall, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Center for Omics and Biodiversity Research, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sewa Singh
- RNA VAXBIO Pvt Ltd, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Center for Omics and Biodiversity Research, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Center for Omics and Biodiversity Research, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Issaldayeva S, Alimkulov S, Raimbekova Z, Bekseitova R, Karatayev M. The climatic and river runoff trends in Central Asia: The case of Zhetysu Alatau region, the south-eastern part of Kazakhstan. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17897. [PMID: 37456043 PMCID: PMC10344769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyses, compares and correlates historical hydrometeorological data for the Zhetysu Alatau region and its main rivers (Lepsy, Sarykan, Koktal, Byzhy) to document characteristics and evidence of changes in climate change (temperature and precipitation) and its impact on annual and monthly river runoff. This study applies Andreyanov method for computation of runoff data and Mann-Kendall statistic method for assessing statistically significant or weak trends. The study reveals that the pattern of temperature for period of 1960-2020 and runoff for period of 1930-2019 has changed in the region. Mann-Kendall test result indicates a statistically significant increase in temperature at all meteorological stations (p<0.01), while the fluctuations in precipitation trends are not meaningful (p>0.05). Andreyanov method shows significant changes in intra-annual runoff trends, e.g., calculations for the period of 1965-2019 show a decrease of 5.3% in summer runoff in the Sarykan river, and the increase in runoff in the remaining months was 6.4% higher compared to the period of 1930-1965. Furthermore, the Mann-Kendall test confirms a significant positive trend in the change of seasonal runoff for the Sarykan, Byzhy, and Koktal rivers (p<0.02). The precipitation is one of the main factors influencing river runoff and the correlation coefficient between river runoff and precipitation for Lepsy river is r=0.81; for Byzhy river is r=0.70; for Koktal river is r=0.62; for Sarykan river is r=0.60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Issaldayeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, School of Geography and Environmental Management, Al-Farabi Ave. 70, A15E3C7, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Environmental Management, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Sayat Alimkulov
- Institute of Geography and Water Security, Water Research Laboratory, Kabanbai Batyr Str., 67, Almaty, A25T7A1, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Raimbekova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, School of Geography and Environmental Management, Al-Farabi Ave. 70, A15E3C7, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Roza Bekseitova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, School of Geography and Environmental Management, Al-Farabi Ave. 70, A15E3C7, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Karatayev
- Institute of Environmental Systems Sciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Merangasse 18-1, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Centre for the Environment, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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Tortajada C, Arreguín F. Preparedness for drought is more than a climate-change fix. Nature 2023; 619:34. [PMID: 37402794 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
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48
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Knowles JF, Bjarke NR, Badger AM, Berkelhammer M, Biederman JA, Blanken PD, Bretfeld M, Burns SP, Ewers BE, Frank JM, Hicke JA, Lestak L, Livneh B, Reed DE, Scott RL, Molotch NP. Bark beetle impacts on forest evapotranspiration and its partitioning. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163260. [PMID: 37028665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Insect outbreaks affect forest structure and function and represent a major category of forest disturbance globally. However, the resulting impacts on evapotranspiration (ET), and especially hydrological partitioning between the abiotic (evaporation) and biotic (transpiration) components of total ET, are not well constrained. As a result, we combined remote sensing, eddy covariance, and hydrological modeling approaches to determine the effects of bark beetle outbreak on ET and its partitioning at multiple scales throughout the Southern Rocky Mountain Ecoregion (SRME), USA. At the eddy covariance measurement scale, 85 % of the forest was affected by beetles, and water year ET as a fraction of precipitation (P) decreased by 30 % relative to a control site, with 31 % greater reductions in growing season transpiration relative to total ET. At the ecoregion scale, satellite remote sensing masked to areas of >80 % tree mortality showed corresponding ET/P reductions of 9-15 % that occurred 6-8 years post-disturbance, and indicated that the majority of the total reduction occurred during the growing season; the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrological model showed an associated 9-18 % increase in the ecoregion runoff ratio. Long-term (16-18 year) ET and vegetation mortality datasets extend the length of previously published analyses and allowed for clear characterization of the forest recovery period. During that time, transpiration recovery outpaced total ET recovery, which was lagged in part due to persistently reduced winter sublimation, and there was associated evidence of increasing late summer vegetation moisture stress. Overall, comparison of three independent methods and two partitioning approaches demonstrated a net negative impact of bark beetles on ET, and a relatively greater negative impact on transpiration, following bark beetle outbreak in the SRME.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Knowles
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico, CA, USA.
| | - Nels R Bjarke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew M Badger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Max Berkelhammer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel A Biederman
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peter D Blanken
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mario Bretfeld
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sean P Burns
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brent E Ewers
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - John M Frank
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hicke
- Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Leanne Lestak
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ben Livneh
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David E Reed
- Environmental Science, University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma, Chickasha, OK, USA
| | - Russell L Scott
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Noah P Molotch
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Thornton J. Women in engineering: using hydrology to manage Jordan's scarce water. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02073-y. [PMID: 37353633 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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50
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Castelvecchi D. Rampant groundwater pumping has changed the tilt of Earth's axis. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-01993-z. [PMID: 37328564 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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