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Chávez-Reyes J, López-Lariz CH, Marichal-Cancino BA. Both acute glyphosate and the aminomethylphosphonic acid intoxication decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and gastrocnemius muscle. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38465510 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2326634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been reported that glyphosate, one of the most common herbicides used in agriculture, impairs locomotion and cognition. Glyphosate has a variable half-life in soil up to biotic and/or abiotic factors transform the molecule in metabolites such as the aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) that has a longer half-life. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats were acutely exposed to different doses of glyphosate or AMPA (i.e. 10, 56 or 100 mg/kg) and, subsequently, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the gastrocnemius muscle. Both glyphosate and AMPA produced a similar decrease in the AChE activity in all the tissues tested. These results suggest that interference with normal cholinergic neurotransmission may be one of the mechanisms involved in glyphosate-induced motor alterations in rats. Moreover, our results highlight the biological importance of AMPA as a molecule with anticholinesterase action in brain and skeletal muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing in vivo that AMPA, the major metabolite of glyphosate, behaves as an organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carlos H López-Lariz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Ogunsuyi OB, Aro OP, Oboh G, Olagoke OC. Curcumin improves the ability of donepezil to ameliorate memory impairment in Drosophila melanogaster: involvement of cholinergic and cnc/Nrf2-redox systems. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1035-1043. [PMID: 36069210 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2119995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the well-established models for examining neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity is the Drosophila melanogaster model of aluminum-induced toxicity. Anti-cholinesterase drugs have been combined with other neuroprotective agents to improve Alzheimer's disease management, but there is not much information on the combination of anti-cholinesterases with dietary polyphenols to combat memory impairment. Here, we assess how curcumin influences some of the critical therapeutic effects of donepezil (a cholinesterase inhibitor) in AlCl3-treated Drosophila melanogaster. Harwich strain flies were exposed to 40 mM AlCl3 - alone or in combination with curcumin (1 mg/g) and/or donepezil (12.5 µg/g and 25 µg/g) - for seven days. The flies' behavioral evaluations (memory index and locomotor performance) were analyzed. Thereafter, the flies were processed into homogenates for the quantification of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase, total thiol, and rate of lipid peroxidation, as well as the mRNA levels of acetylcholinesterase (ACE1) and cnc/NRF2. Results showed that AlCl3-treated flies presented impaired memory and increased activities of acetylcholinesterase and lipid peroxidation, while there were decrease in total thiol levels and catalase activity when compared to the control. Also, the expression of ACE1 was significantly increased while that of cnc/NRF2 was significantly decreased. However, combinations of curcumin and donepezil, especially at lower dose of donepezil, significantly improved the memory index and biochemical parameters compared to donepezil alone. Thus, curcumin plus donepezil offers unique therapeutic effects during memory impairment in the D. melanogaster model of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi Philemon Aro
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olawande Chinedu Olagoke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rialto TCR, Marino RV, Abe FR, Dorta DJ, Oliveira DP. Comparative Assessment of the Toxicity of Brominated and Halogen-Free Flame Retardants to Zebrafish in Terms of Tail Coiling Activity, Biomarkers, and Locomotor Activity. Toxics 2023; 11:732. [PMID: 37755743 PMCID: PMC10534375 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BDE-47, a flame retardant that is frequently detected in environmental compartments and human tissues, has been associated with various toxic effects. In turn, information about the effects of aluminum diethyl-phosphinate (ALPI), a halogen-free flame retardant from a newer generation, is limited. This study aims to assess and compare the toxicity of BDE-47 and ALPI to zebrafish by analyzing the tail coiling, locomotor, acetylcholinesterase activities, and oxidative stress biomarkers. At 3000 µg/L BDE-47, the coiling frequency increased at 26-27 h post-fertilization (hpf), but the burst activity (%) and mean burst duration (s) did not change significantly. Here, we considered that the increased coiling frequency is a slight neurotoxic effect because locomotor activity was impaired at 144 hpf and 300 µg/L BDE-47. Moreover, we hypothesized that oxidative stress could be involved in the BDE-47 toxicity mechanisms. In contrast, only at 30,000 µg/L did ALPI increase the catalase activity, while the motor behavior during different developmental stages remained unaffected. On the basis of these findings, BDE-47 is more toxic than ALPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Carla Rizzi Rialto
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (T.C.R.R.); (F.R.A.)
| | - Renan Vieira Marino
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (T.C.R.R.); (F.R.A.)
| | - Flavia Renata Abe
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (T.C.R.R.); (F.R.A.)
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil;
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma Oliveira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (T.C.R.R.); (F.R.A.)
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
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Amin M, Yousuf M, Attaullah M, Ahmad N, Azra MN, Lateef M, Buneri ID, Zekker I, El-Saber Batiha G, Aboelenin SM, Zahoor M, Ikram M, Naeem M. Cholinesterase activity as a potential biomarker for neurotoxicity induced by pesticides in vivo exposed Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia): assessment tool for organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids. Environ Technol 2023; 44:2148-2156. [PMID: 34962184 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2024276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) and synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) are the most popular broad spectrum pesticides, used in agriculture as they have a strong pesticidal activity while also being biodegradable in the environment. The present study aimed to demonstrate the effects of these pesticides on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain, gills and body muscles of Oreochromis niloticus - an important enzyme for the assessment and biomonitoring pollution caused by neurotoxins in the environment. The fish were exposed for 24 and 48 h to the LC0 concentrations of the malathion (1.425 mg/L), the chlorpyrifos (0.125 mg/L) and the λ-cyhalothrin (0.0039 mg/L), respectively. The activity of the AChE was significantly increased (p < 0.05) at 24 h and decreased at 48 h (except for the chlorpyrifos-treated brain and gills while tissues had shown no activity at 48 h's exposure) in all pesticides-treated tissues. The maximum increase in the activity and inhibition in the AChE activity were recorded as +92% and -52% in the chlorpyrifos and the lambda-cyhalothrin exposed brain tissues, respectively. Thus, the alterations in the AChE activities indicated that the applied pesticides are highly neurotoxic to fish and the enzyme (AChE) could be used as a useful biomarker for estimation of water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amin
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Masarrat Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Maritime Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- Biochemistry Department, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Kunnaja P, Chansakaow S, Wittayapraparat A, Yusuk P, Sireeratawong S. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Litsea martabanica Root Extract and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1906. [PMID: 33800652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Thailand, people in the highland communities whose occupational exposure to pesticides used the root of Litsea martabanica as a detoxifying agent. However, the scientific data to support the traditional use of this plant are insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and anti-pesticide potential of L. martabanica root extract. Antioxidant properties were investigated by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, superoxide radicals scavenging assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total phenolic content determination. In all assays, L. martabanica extracts and their fractions exhibited high antioxidant activities differently. The water extract is traditionally used as a detoxifying agent. Therefore, it was chosen for in vivo experiments. The rats received the extract in a way that mimics the traditional methods of tribal communities followed by chlorpyrifos for 16 days. The results showed that acetylcholinesterase activity decreases in pesticide-exposed rats. Treatment with the extract caused increasing acetylcholinesterase activity in the rats. Therefore, L. martabanica extract may potentially be used as a detoxifying agent, especially for the chlorpyrifos pesticide. The antioxidant properties of L. martabanica may provide a beneficial effect by protecting liver cells from damage caused by free radicals. Histopathology results revealed no liver cell necrosis and showed the regeneration of liver cells in the treatment group. L. martabanica extract did not cause changes in behavior, liver weight, hematological and biochemical profiles of the rats.
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Jeyaraj M, Kim JH. Platinum Nanoparticles Enhance Exosome Release in Human Lung Epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cancer Cells (A549): Oxidative Stress and the Ceramide Pathway are Key Players. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:515-538. [PMID: 33519199 PMCID: PMC7837572 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s291138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have demonstrated various molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis and release of exosomes. However, how external stimuli, such as platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), induces the biogenesis and release of exosomes remains unclear. To address this, PtNPs were synthesized using lutein to examine their effect on the biogenesis and release of exosomes in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cancer cells (A549). Methods The size and concentration of isolated exosomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis system (NTA). Morphology and structure of exosomes were examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Quantification of exosomes were analyzed by EXOCETTM assay and fluorescence polarization (FP). The expression of typical markers of exosomes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A549 cells cultured with PtNPs enhance exosome secretion by altering various physiological processes. Interestingly, A549 cells treated with PtNPs increases total protein concentration, biogenesis and release of exosomes associated with PtNPs-induced oxidative stress. GW4869 inhibits PtNPs induced biogenesis and release of exosomes and also acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neutral sphingomyelinase activity (n-SMase), and exosome counts. A549 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited PtNPs induced exosome biogenesis and release. These findings confirmed that PtNPs-induced exosome release was due to the induction of oxidative stress and the ceramide pathway. These factors enhanced exosome biogenesis and release and may be useful in understanding the mechanism of exosome formation, release, and function. Conclusion PtNPs provide a promising agent to increase exosome production in A549 cells. These findings offer novel strategies for enhancing exosome release, which can be applied in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Importantly, this is the first study, to our knowledge, showing that PtNPs stimulate exosome biogenesis by inducing oxidative stress and the ceramide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Muniyandi Jeyaraj
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Arslan ME, Türkez H, Mardinoğlu A. In vitro neuroprotective effects of farnesene sesquiterpene on alzheimer's disease model of differentiated neuroblastoma cell line. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:745-754. [PMID: 32308094 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1754211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate neuroprotective properties of the farnesene sesquiterpene on the experimental Alzheimer's disease model in vitro. METHODS Human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y) was differentiated into neuron-like cells by using retinoic acid to constitute the in vitro Alzheimer's Disease model. β-amyloid 1-42 protein was applied to the transformed cells for 24 and 48 hours in a wide dose ranges (3.125-200 μM) to establish AD cytotoxicity. Then, farnesene was applied to cell cultures in a wide spectrum dose interval (1.625-100 μg/ml) to investigate neuroprotective effect against β-amyloid for 24 and 48 hours. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release tests were executed to determine cytotoxicity in the Alzheimer model. Nuclear DNA integrity of cells was examined under the fluorescent microscope using the Hoechst 33258 staining method. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels were analyzed to understand the protection mechanism of the farnesene application on the cell culture model. Finally, flow cytometry analysis was used to find out the cell death mechanism after beta-amyloid and farnesene application to the cell culture. RESULTS Cell viability tests revealed significant neuroprotection against β-amyloid toxicity in both 24 and 48 hours and the Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining method showed a significant decrease in necrotic deaths after farnesene application in the cell cultures. Finally, flow cytometry analysis put forth that farnesene could decrease necrotic cell death up to 3-fold resulted from beta-amyloid exposure. CONCLUSION According to the investigations, farnesene can potentially be a safe, anti-necrotic and neuroprotective agents against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xiao L, Liao F, Ide R, Horie T, Fan Y, Saiki C, Miwa N. Enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (E'jiao) prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death and accelerates amyloid beta clearance in neuronal-like PC12 cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2270-2272. [PMID: 32594048 PMCID: PMC7749479 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.285000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As an aging-associated degenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction and loss of cholinergic neurons. Colla Corii Asini (CCA) is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for feebleness-related diseases and anti-aging. CCA might delay aging-induced degenerative changes in neurons. In the present study, we evaluated antioxidant activity, cytoprotective effects, and Aβ removability of enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (CCAD). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activity assay showed that, as compared to gelatins from the skin of porcine, bovine and cold water fish, CCA exhibited the highest ORAC activity. The ORAC activity of CCA and CCAD was increased gradually by the length of time in storage. Ultrastructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that among CCA manufactured in 2008, 2013, 2017 and gelatin from cold water fish skin, CCA manufactured in 2008 presented the smoothest surface structure. We further tested the protective effects of CCAD (manufactured in 2008) and enzyme-digested gelatin from cold water fish skin (FGD) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in nerve growth factor-differentiated neuronal-like PC12 cells. Presto blue assay showed that both FGD and CCAD at 0.5 mg/mL increased cell viability in H2O2-treated neuronal-like PC12 cells. The protection of CCAD was significantly superior to that of FGD. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) assay showed that both FGD and CCAD inhibited AchE activity in nerve growth factor-differentiated neuronal-like PC12 cells to 89.1% and 74.5% of that in non-treated cells, respectively. The data suggest that CCAD might be able to increase the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Although CCAD inhibited AchE activity in neuronal-like PC12 cells, CCAD prevented H2O2-induced abnormal deterioration of AchE. ELISA and neprilysin activity assay results indicated that CCAD reduced amyloid beta accumulation and increased neprilysin activity in Aβ1–42-treated neuronal-like PC12 cells, suggesting that CCAD can enhance Aβ clearance. Our results suggest that CCA might be useful for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ryoji Ide
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Horie
- Research Center, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chikako Saiki
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miwa
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Mendonça de Assis P, Cypriano Dutra R, Amarante CBD, Afonso Miranda Chaves MDG, Moreira CPDS, Brandão MAF, Raposo NRB. Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel: toxicological assays, biological activities, and elemental analysis of organic compounds. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1727-1731. [PMID: 31242771 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1633642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Jaboticaba, Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, is a Brazilian berry traditionally used in folk medicine as treatment for some health conditions. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins have previously been detected in the fruit. This current study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) on Artemia salina, L929, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Besides, JPE antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and antifungal activities, and elemental analysis CHNS were also tested. JPE had moderate toxicity (LD50 = 360.92 μg mL-1) on A. salina, non-toxic effect on L929 cell line, and decreased the viability of cancer cell line MDA at 1,000 µg mL-1 and 500 µg mL-1 concentrations. The antioxidant activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) performed IC50 = 37.45 ± 0.17 µg mL-1, whereas 45.7% of acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited. By its elemental composition, JPE is an alternative food supplement and dermocosmetic component. Antifungal potential toward Candida strains was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Cypriano Dutra
- Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Paula de Souza Moreira
- Serviço de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Farmacêutico, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Yadav S, Appukuttan JP. Inhibition of LPS induced neurochemical imbalance and oxidative stress by pigmented and non-pigmented rice bran extracts. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12735. [PMID: 31353551 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of the pigmented and non-pigmented rice bran extract, against LPS induced neurotransmitter imbalance and oxidative stress markers. Male wistar rats were orally supplemented with 2% ethanolic rice bran extracts daily for two weeks. On the last day of experiment, rats were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p) with LPS for 4 hr. LPS exposure resulted in the elevation of malondialdehyde and nitrite levels, decreased GSH, increased antioxidant enzymes activity and led to imbalance in neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic levels and acetylcholinesterase activity. Pre-treatment with rice bran extracts significantly attenuated LPS induced oxidative stress by improving the antioxidant systems, acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitters imbalance with the higher potency for pigmented bran extracts. The findings suggest the possibility of utilization of pigmented bran extract for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and promote the overall good health of the brain. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Present study provides the current evidence for the neuroprotective efficacy of bran extracts from pigmented and non-pigmented rice. These findings indicate the beneficial effects of pre-treatment of rice bran extracts on LPS induced oxidative stress and neurochemical imbalance by improvement in the antioxidant machinery and neurotransmitters level. This study emphasizes the possibility of utilization of pigmented bran extract as a food ingredient to improve the overall brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Yadav
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Jayadeep Padmanbhan Appukuttan
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Suchaichit N, Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Moosophon P, Boonyarat C, Plekratoke K, Tearavarich R, Suchaichit NP. Phytochemical investigation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of bark of Hymenodictyon orixense. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2936-2939. [PMID: 29047314 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1389930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the methanol extract of Hymenodictyon orixense bark, a Thai medicinal herb, provided five compounds. Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D NMR and MS data, as well as by comparison of the data with published values, as an iridoid glycoside: loganin (1), four coumarins: scopoletin (2), scopolin (3), hymexelsin (4) and scopoletin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). Compounds 1-5 showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in the range of 13.92-34.18% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. In addition, compounds 1 and 5 are reported for the first time from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Suchaichit
- a Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Department of Applied Chemistry , Rajamangala University of Technology Isan , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- b Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- b Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Panawan Moosophon
- b Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tearavarich
- d Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Rajamangala University of Technology Isan , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Natcha P Suchaichit
- a Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Department of Applied Chemistry , Rajamangala University of Technology Isan , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
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Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. Activity and expression of acetylcholinesterase in PC12 cells exposed to intermittent 1.8 GHz 217-GSM mobile phone signal. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 92:1-10. [PMID: 26630175 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to its role in learning, memory and in many neurodegenerative diseases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) represents an interesting endpoint to assess possible targets of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) generated by mobile phones. We investigated possible alterations of enzymatic activity, gene and protein expression of AChE in neuronal-like cells exposed to a 1.8 GHz Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modulated signal (217-GSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat PC12 cells were exposed for 24 h to 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal. Specific adsorption rate (SAR) was 2 W/kg. AChE enzyme activity was assessed spectrophotometrically by Ellman's method, mRNA expression level was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS AChE enzymatic activity increased of 1.4-fold in PC12 cells exposed to 217-GSM signal for 24 h, whilst AChE transcriptional or translational pathways were not affected. CONCLUSION Our results provide the first evidence of effects on AChE activity after in vitro exposure of mammalian cells to the RF-EMF generated by GSM mobile phones, at the SAR value 2 W/kg. The obtained evidence promotes further investigations on AChE as a possible target of RF-EMF and confirm the ability of 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal to induce biological effects in different mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valbonesi
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna , Campus of Ravenna , Italy ;,b Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna , Campus of Ravenna , Italy ;,b Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | | | - Andrea Contin
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna , Campus of Ravenna , Italy ;,c Department of Physics , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna , Campus of Ravenna , Italy ;,b Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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Shimada H, Hirano S, Sinotoh H, Ota T, Tanaka N, Sato K, Yamada M, Fukushi K, Irie T, Zhang MR, Higuchi M, Kuwabara S, Suhara T. Dementia with Lewy bodies can be well-differentiated from Alzheimer's disease by measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity-a [11C]MP4A PET study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:1105-13. [PMID: 26280153 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic performance of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity measurement using N-[(11) C]-methyl-4-piperidyl acetate (MP4A) and PET in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Participants were 14 DLB patients, 25 AD patients and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent PET scans and MP4A to measure regional brain AChE activity. We performed anatomical standardization of each brain image, and k3 values, an index of AChE activity, in each voxel were estimated by nonlinear least squares analysis. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were identified on parametric k3 images in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in anterior and posterior cingulate gyri (ACG and PCG). In each VOI, the differential diagnostic performance between AD and DLB of k3 values was assessed by area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic. Voxel-based statistical analyses were also performed. RESULTS Mean cortical AChE activities in AD patients (-8.2% compared with normal mean) and DLB patients (-27.8%) were lower than HCs (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in mean cortical AChE activities between AD and DLB patients (p < 0.001). All regional brain AChE activities of defined VOIs except ACG were able to well discriminate DLB from AD, and notably performance was the most significant in PCG (AUC = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.965-1.000). CONCLUSIONS Brain cholinergic deficit is consistently prominent in DLB compared with AD. PET measurement of brain AChE activity may be useful for the differential diagnosis between DLB and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimada
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Hirano
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Sinotoh
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Neurology Chiba Clinic, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Ota
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Tanaka
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fukushi
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Irie
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - M R Zhang
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Higuchi
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Suhara
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Muthappa NA, Gupta S, Yengkokpam S, Debnath D, Kumar N, Pal AK, Jadhao SB. Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:61-81. [PMID: 23666764 PMCID: PMC3857435 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC50) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P < 0.05/P < 0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max, catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Muthappa
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Sona Yengkokpam
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Dipesh Debnath
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Asim Kumar Pal
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Sanjay B. Jadhao
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
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Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Brain antioxidant markers, cognitive performance and acetylcholinesterase activity of rats: efficiency of Sonchus asper. Behav Brain Funct 2012; 8:21. [PMID: 22591917 PMCID: PMC3527136 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus asper (SA) is traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat mental disorders in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyphenolic rich methanolic fraction of SA on cognitive performance, brain antioxidant activities and acetylcholinesterase activity in male rats. METHODS 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups in this study. Animals of group I (control) received saline (vehicle), group II received SA (50 mg/kg) body weight (b.w.), and group III treated with SA (100 mg/kg b.w.,) orally in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for 7 days. The effect of SA was checked on rat cognitive performance, brain antioxidatant and acetylcholinesterase activities. Evaluation of learning and memory was assessed by a step-through a passive avoidance test on day 6 after two habituation trials and an initial acquisition trial on day 5. Antioxidant potential was determined by measuring activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole-brain homogenates. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined by the colorimetric method. RESULTS Results showed that 100 mg/kg b.w., SA treated rats exhibited a significant improvement in learning and memory (step-through latency time). SA administration reduced lipid peroxidation products and elevated glutathione levels in the SA100-treated group. Furthermore, salt and detergent soluble AChE activity was significantly decreased in both SA-treated groups. Short-term orally supplementation of SA showed significant cognitive enhancement as well as elevated brain antioxidant enzymes and inhibited AChE activity. CONCLUSION These findings stress the critical impact of Sonchus asper bioactive components on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Yamamoto K, Oguri S, Chiba S, Momonoki YS. Molecular cloning of acetylcholinesterase gene from Salicornia europaea L. Plant Signal Behav 2009; 4:361-6. [PMID: 19816117 PMCID: PMC2676743 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.5.8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Momonoki YS. Subcellular localization of overexpressed maize AChE gene in rice plant. Plant Signal Behav 2008; 3:576-7. [PMID: 19704473 PMCID: PMC2634501 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.8.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ACh-mediated system consisting of acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is fundamental for nervous system function in animals and insects. Although plants lack a nervous system, both ACh and ACh-hydrolyzing activity have been widely recognized in the plant kingdom. The function of the plant ACh-mediated system is still unclear, despite more than 30 years of research. To understand ACh-mediated systems in plants, we previously purified maize AChE and cloned the corresponding gene from maize seedlings (Plant Physiology). In a recent paper in Planta, we also purified and cloned AChE from the legume plant siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). In comparison with electric eel AChE, both plant AChEs showed enzymatic properties of both animal AChE and animal butyrylcholinesterase. On the other hand, based on Pfam protein family analysis, both plant AChEs contain a consensus sequence of the lipase GDSL family, while the animal AChEs possess a distinct alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily sequence, but no lipase GDSL sequence. Thus, neither plant AChE belongs to the well-known AChE family, which is distributed throughout the animal kingdom. To address the possible physiological roles of plant AChEs, we herein report our data from the immunological analysis of the overexpressed maize AChE gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yamamoto
- Faculty of Bioindustry; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Hokkaido, Japan
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