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Huang W, Zeng W, Huang Z, Fang D, Liu H, Feng M, Mao L, Ye D. Ratiometric Afterglow Luminescent Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity via an Energy Diversion Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404244. [PMID: 38639067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Ratiometric afterglow luminescent (AGL) probes are attractive for in vivo imaging due to their high sensitivity and signal self-calibration function. However, there are currently few ratiometric AGL probes available for imaging enzymatic activity in living organisms. Here, we present an energy diversion (ED) strategy that enables the design of an enzyme-activated ratiometric AGL probe (RAG-RGD) for in vivo afterglow imaging. The ED process provides RAG-RGD with a radiative transition for an 'always on' 520-nm AGL signal (AGL520) and a cascade three-step energy transfer (ET) process for an 'off-on' 710-nm AGL signal (AGL710) in response to a specific enzyme. Using matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as an example, RAG-RGD shows a significant ~11-fold increase in AGL710/AGL520 toward MMP-2. This can sensitively detect U87MG brain tumors through ratiometric afterglow imaging of MMP-2 activity, with a high signal-to-background ratio and deep imaging depth. Furthermore, by utilizing the self-calibration effect of ratiometric imaging, RAG-RGD demonstrated a strong negative correlation between the AGL710/AGL520 value and the size of orthotopic U87MG tumor, enabling accurate monitoring of orthotopic glioma growth in vivo. This ED process may be applied for the design of other enzyme-activated ratiometric afterglow probes for sensitive afterglow imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daqing Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS, Medicinal Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS, Medicinal Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Min Feng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, General Surgery, CHINA
| | - Liang Mao
- Nanjing University, Environment, CHINA
| | - Deju Ye
- Nanjing University, Chemistry, 163 Xianlin Road,, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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2
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Ramesh A, Deshpande N, Malik V, Nguyen A, Malhotra M, Debnath M, Brouillard A, Kulkarni A. Activatable Nanoreporters for Real-Time Tracking of Macrophage Phenotypic States Associated with Disease Progression. Small 2023; 19:e2300978. [PMID: 37317008 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases is characterized by identifying symptoms, biomarkers, and imaging. However, conventional techniques lack the sensitivities and specificities to detect disease early. Here, it is demonstrated that the detection of macrophage phenotypes, from inflammatory M1 to alternatively activated M2 macrophages, corresponding to the disease state can be used to predict the prognosis of various diseases. Activatable nanoreporters that can longitudinally detect the presence of the enzyme Arginase 1, a hallmark of M2 macrophages, and nitric oxide, a hallmark of M1 macrophages are engineered, in real-time. Specifically, an M2 nanoreporter enables the early imaging of the progression of breast cancer as predicted by selectively detecting M2 macrophages in tumors. The M1 nanoreporter enables real-time imaging of the subcutaneous inflammatory response that rises from a local lipopolysccharide (LPS) administration. Finally, the M1-M2 dual nanoreporter is evaluated in a muscle injury model, where an initial inflammatory response is monitored by imaging M1 macrophages at the site of inflammation, followed by a resolution phase monitored by the imaging of infiltrated M2 macrophages involved in matrix regeneration and wound healing. It is anticipated that this set of macrophage nanoreporters may be utilized for early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of inflammatory responses in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vaishali Malik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mehak Malhotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Maharshi Debnath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anthony Brouillard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Li M, Tang J, Lin C, Shen A, Ma X, Wu J, Gao X, Wang P. A Smart Responsive Fluorescence-MR Nanoprobe for Monitoring Tumor Response to Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300602. [PMID: 37184883 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurately evaluating tumor responses to immunotherapy is clinically relevant. However, non-invasive, real-time visualization techniques to evaluate tumor immunotherapy are still lacking. Herein, a smart responsive fluorescence-MR dual-modal nanoprobe, QM(GP)-MZF(CP), is reported that can be targeted for cleavage by the cytotoxic T cell activation marker granzyme B and the apoptosis-related marker cysteine-aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (Caspase-3). The probe uses quinoline-malononitrile (QM), an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, and Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF-MNPs), a T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) contrast agent, as imaging molecules that are linked with the substrate peptides specific to granzyme B and Caspase-3. Therefore, both granzyme B and Caspase-3 can target and cleave the substrate peptides in QM(GP)-MZF(CP). Via aggregation-induced fluorescence imaging of QM and the aggregation-induced T2WI-enhanced imaging effect of MZF-MNPs, the status of T cells after tumor immunotherapy and the subsequent triggering of tumor cell apoptosis can be determined to identify tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy in the early stages of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute for biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Department of Radiology, Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201908, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Baoshan District, Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
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Lee M, Landers K, Chan J. Activity-Based Photoacoustic Probes for Detection of Disease Biomarkers beyond Oncology. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2023; 3:223-232. [PMID: 37363076 PMCID: PMC10288495 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The earliest activity-based photoacoustic (PA) probes were developed as diagnostic agents for cancer. Since this seminal work over a decade ago that specifically targeted matrix metalloproteinase-2, PA instrumentation, dye platforms, and probe designs have advanced considerably, allowing for the detection of an impressive list of cancer types. However, beyond imaging for oncology purposes, the ability to selectively visualize a given disease biomarker, which can range from aberrant enzymatic activity to the overproduction of reactive small molecules, is also being exploited to study a myriad of noncancerous disease states. In this review, we have assembled a collection of recent papers to highlight the design principles that enable activity-based sensing via PA imaging with respect to biomarker identification and strategies to trigger probe activation under specific conditions.
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Yuan M, Fang X, Liu J, Yang K, Xiao S, Yang S, Du W, Song J. NIR-II Self-Luminous Molecular Probe for In Vivo Inflammation Tracking and Cancer PDT Effect Self-Evaluating. Small 2023; 19:e2206666. [PMID: 36534901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) window has been extensively investigated for bioimaging. However, a strong autofluorescence background from real-time excitation light significantly reduces the images' quality of NIR-II fluorescence (FL) imaging. To resolve this issue, a NIR-II self-luminous small molecule (CLPD) based on bioluminescence (BL) resonance energy transfer (BRET) mechanism is first developed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger NIR-II BL and reduce the NIR-II FL signals of the CLPD simultaneously, enabling ROS-correlated ratiometric BL/FL imaging. CLPD is used for high-contrast NIR-II BL imaging of osteoarthritis as well as guiding the treatment process by ratiometric BL/FL imaging. Moreover, CLPD is applied for NIR-II BL imaging of tumor triggered by the generated ROS during PDT. A correlation between the ratiometric NIR-II BL/FL signal and tumor size is constructed, providing a trustworthy tool for early assessment of PDT effect. Overall, this study presents a novel NIR-II self-luminous small molecular probe for in vivo imaging and provides a strategy for design a self-evaluation system of therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shenggan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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Zeng Z, Ouyang J, Sun L, Zeng F, Wu S. A Biomarker-Responsive Nanosystem with Colon-Targeted Delivery for Ulcerative Colitis's Detection and Treatment with Optoacoustic/NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201544. [PMID: 36098246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent idiopathic inflammatory disease which causes such complications as intestinal perforation, obstruction, and bleeding, and thus deleteriously impacting people's normal work and quality of life. Hence, accurate diagnosis of UC is crucial in terms of planning optimal treatment plan. Herein, a pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive nanosystem (BM@EP) is developed for UC's detection and therapy. BM@EP is composed of a chromophore-drug dyad and the enteric coating. The chromophore-drug dyad (BOD-XT-DHM) is synthesized by linking the chromophore (BOD-XT-BOH) and a flavonoid drug (dihydromyricetin DHM) through boronate ester bond. The enteric coating includes Eudragit S100 and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), the former is commonly employed as a pH-dependent polymer coating excipient so as to attain colon-targeted delivery, and the latter has been widely used as an excipient for the controlled-extended release. After oral administration, BM@EP delivers the dyad (BOD-XT-DHM) into the colon and releases the dyad molecules by being triggered by the alkaline pH in t colon, thereafter upon being stimulated by overexpressed H2 O2 in the inflamed colon, the boronate bond in the dyad is broken down and correspondingly the drug DHM is released for UC therapy, simultaneously the chromophore is released for near-infrared second window (NIR-II) fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging for UC diagnosis and recovery evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zeng
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lihe Sun
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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7
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Li S, Li Q, Chen W, Song Z, An Y, Chen P, Wu Y, Wang G, He Y, Miao Q. A Renal-Clearable Activatable Molecular Probe for Fluoro-Photacoustic and Radioactive Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers. Small 2022; 18:e2201334. [PMID: 35723177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers is critical to accurately diagnose disease and decipher fundamental processes at a certain pathological evolution, which however is rarely exploited. Herein, a multimodal activatable imaging probe (P-125 I) is reported with activatable fluoro-photoacoustic and radioactive signal for in vivo imaging of biomarkers (i.e., hepsin and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. P-125 I contains a near-infrared (NIR) dye that is caged with a hepsin-cleavable peptide sequence and linked with a radiolabeled PSMA-targeted ligand (PSMAL). After systemic administration, P-125 I actively targets the tumor site via specific recognition between PSMA and PSMAL moiety and in-situ generates of activated fluoro-photoacoustic signal after reacting with hepsin to release the free dye (uncaged state). P-125 I achieves precisely early detection of prostate cancer and renal clearance to alleviate toxicity issues. In addition, the accumulated radioactive and activated photoacoustic signal of probe correlates well with the respective expression level of PSMA and hepsin, which provides valuable foreseeability for cancer progression and prognosis. Thus, this study presents a multimodal activatable probe for early detection and in-depth deciphering of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuorun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Sun L, Ouyang J, Ma Y, Zeng Z, Zeng C, Zeng F, Wu S. An Activatable Probe with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Detecting and Imaging Herbal Medicine Induced Liver Injury with Optoacoustic Imaging and NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100867. [PMID: 34160144 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whilte herbal medicines are widely used for health promotion and therapy for chronic conditions, inappropriate use of them may cause adverse effects like liver injury, and accurately evaluating their hepatotoxicity is of great significance for public health. Herein, an activatable probe QY-N for diagnosing herbal-medicine-induced liver injury by detecting hepatic NO with NIR-II fluorescence and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging is demonstrated. The probe includes a bismethoxyphenyl-amine-containing dihydroxanthene serving as electron donor, a quinolinium as electron acceptor, and a butylamine as recognition group and fluorescence quencher. The hepatic level of NO reacts with butylamine, thereby generating the activated probe QY-NO which exhibits a red-shifted absorption band (700-850 nm) for optoacoustic imaging and generates strong emission (910-1110 nm) for NIR-II fluorescence imaging. QY-NO is aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) active, which ensures strong emission in aggregated state. QY-N is utilized in the triptolide-induced liver injury mouse model, and experimental results demonstrate the QY-N can be activated by hepatic NO and thus be used in detecting herbal-medicine-induced liver injury. The temporal and spatial information provided by three-dimensional MSOT images well delineates the site and size of liver injury. Moreover, QY-N has also been employed to monitor rehabilitation of liver injury during treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Zeng Z, Liew SS, Wei X, Pu K. Hemicyanine-Based Near-Infrared Activatable Probes for Imaging and Diagnosis of Diseases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26454-26475. [PMID: 34263981 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular activatable probes with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence play a critical role in in vivo imaging of biomarkers for drug screening and disease diagnosis. With structural diversity and high fluorescence quantum yields, hemicyanine dyes have emerged as a versatile scaffold for the construction of activatable optical probes. This Review presents a survey of hemicyanine-based NIR activatable probes (HNAPs) for in vivo imaging and early diagnosis of diseases. The molecular design principles of HNAPs towards activatable optical signaling against various biomarkers are discussed with a focus on their broad applications in the detection of diseases including inflammation, acute organ failure, skin diseases, intestinal diseases, and cancer. This progress not only proves the unique value of HNAPs in preclinical research but also highlights their high translational potential in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Abstract
Immunotherapy is an effective way to mobilize the body's own immune system to confront tumor cells. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity, and the low therapeutic response to immunotherapy may lead to negative outcomes, which reinforces the urgency for early benefit predictors. Evaluating the infiltration of immune cells in solid tumors and metabolism changes of tumors provide potential response targets for monitoring immune response. Non-invasive imaging identifying prognostic biomarkers can select the beneficiaries of targeted immunotherapy from non-responses. Quantitative biomarkers may eventually improve the cancer management, help customize individual treatment plans and predict the treatment outcomes. In this review, we summarize the non-invasive optical molecular imaging methods for monitoring immunotherapy. With the combination of imaging and immunotherapy, the prediction of immunotherapy response may promote the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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11
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Scott JI, Gutkin S, Green O, Thompson EJ, Kitamura T, Shabat D, Vendrell M. A Functional Chemiluminescent Probe for in Vivo Imaging of Natural Killer Cell Activity Against Tumours. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2021; 133:5763-5767. [PMID: 38505495 PMCID: PMC10946790 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that can kill certain types of cancer cells. Adoptive transfer of NK cells represents a promising immunotherapy for malignant tumours; however, there is a lack of methods to validate anti-tumour activity of NK cells in vivo. Herein, we report a new chemiluminescent probe to image in situ the granzyme B-mediated killing activity of NK cells against cancer cells. We have optimised a granzyme B-specific construct using an activatable phenoxydioxetane reporter so that enzymatic cleavage of the probe results in bright chemiluminescence. The probe shows high selectivity for active granzyme B over other proteases and higher signal-to-noise ratios than commercial fluorophores. Finally, we demonstrate that the probe can detect NK cell activity in mouse models, being the first chemiluminescent probe for in vivo imaging of NK cell activity in live tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. Scott
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Sara Gutkin
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Ori Green
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Doron Shabat
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
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Scott JI, Gutkin S, Green O, Thompson EJ, Kitamura T, Shabat D, Vendrell M. A Functional Chemiluminescent Probe for in Vivo Imaging of Natural Killer Cell Activity Against Tumours. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5699-5703. [PMID: 33300671 PMCID: PMC7986153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that can kill certain types of cancer cells. Adoptive transfer of NK cells represents a promising immunotherapy for malignant tumours; however, there is a lack of methods to validate anti-tumour activity of NK cells in vivo. Herein, we report a new chemiluminescent probe to image in situ the granzyme B-mediated killing activity of NK cells against cancer cells. We have optimised a granzyme B-specific construct using an activatable phenoxydioxetane reporter so that enzymatic cleavage of the probe results in bright chemiluminescence. The probe shows high selectivity for active granzyme B over other proteases and higher signal-to-noise ratios than commercial fluorophores. Finally, we demonstrate that the probe can detect NK cell activity in mouse models, being the first chemiluminescent probe for in vivo imaging of NK cell activity in live tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. Scott
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Sara Gutkin
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Ori Green
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Doron Shabat
- Tel Aviv UniversityDpt of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
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13
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Li Q, Ge X, Ye J, Li Z, Su L, Wu Y, Yang H, Song J. Dual Ratiometric SERS and Photoacoustic Core-Satellite Nanoprobe for Quantitatively Visualizing Hydrogen Peroxide in Inflammation and Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7323-7332. [PMID: 33270961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of oxidative species alters the normal redox balance and leads to diseases, such as chronic inflammation and cancer. Oxidative species are short-lived species, which makes direct, precise, and real-time measurements difficult. Herein, we report a novel core-satellite gold nanostructure for dual, ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging to enable the precise detection of inflammation/cancer-related H2 O2 . The combination of H2 O2 -activated second near-infrared (NIR-II) PA imaging and SERS imaging enables the differentiation between the inflamed region and normal tissue with high accuracy. The mesoporous silica shell of the nanoprobe could be used to deliver drugs to the target area to precisely treat disease. Therefore, this core-satellite nanostructure can not only quantitatively and precisely monitor H2 O2 produced in inflammation, tumor, and osteoarthritis in rabbits in real-time, but can also be used to track the progress of the anti-inflammatory treatment in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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14
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Chen X, Bian Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Gao X, Su D. Activatable Off-on Near-Infrared QCy7-based Fluorogenic Probes for Bioimaging. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3983-3994. [PMID: 33034939 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The activatable off-on near-infrared QCy7-based fluorogenic probes have emerged as powerful modalities for detecting and monitoring biological analytes and understanding their biological processes in cells and organisms. The use of biomarker-activated QCy7-based probes enables simple synthesis, minimum photo-damage to biological samples, and minimum background interference from biological systems. In this minireview, we aim to provide a rigorous but concise overview of activatable QCy7-based fluorogenic probes by reporting the significant progress made in recent years. The design strategies and the main applications of accurate detection and imaging of disease-related biomarkers (including ROS/RSS, enzymes, metal ions, and other related species) were reasonably analyzed and discussed. The potential challenges and prospects of activatable QCy7-based fluorogenic probes are also emphasized to further advance the development of new methods for biomarker detection and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yongning Bian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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15
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Merkes JM, Zhu L, Bahukhandi SB, Rueping M, Kiessling F, Banala S. Photoacoustic Imaging Probes Based on Tetrapyrroles and Related Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3082. [PMID: 32349297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly evolving field in molecular imaging that enables imaging in the depths of ultrasound and with the sensitivity of optical modalities. PAI bases on the photoexcitation of a chromophore, which converts the absorbed light into thermal energy, causing an acoustic pressure wave that can be captured with ultrasound transducers, in generating an image. For in vivo imaging, chromophores strongly absorbing in the near-infrared range (NIR; > 680 nm) are required. As tetrapyrroles have a long history in biomedical applications, novel tetrapyrroles and inspired mimics have been pursued as potentially suitable contrast agents for PAI. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art in PAI applications using tetrapyrroles and related macrocycles inspired by it, highlighting those compounds exhibiting strong NIR-absorption. Furthermore, we discuss the current developments of other absorbers for in vivo photoacoustic (PA) applications.
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16
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Huang J, Pu K. Activatable Molecular Probes for Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence, Chemiluminescence, and Photoacoustic Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11717-11731. [PMID: 32134156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging plays a crucial role in biomedicine. However, due to strong light scattering and autofluorescence in biological tissue between 650-900 nm, conventional optical imaging often has a poor signal-to-background ratio and shallow penetration depth, which limits its ability in deep-tissue in vivo imaging. Second near-infrared fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and photoacoustic imaging modalities mitigate these issues by their respective advantages of minimized light scattering, eliminated external excitation, and ultrasound detection. To enable disease detection, activatable molecular probes (AMPs) with the ability to change their second near-infrared fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or photoacoustic signals in response to a biomarker have been developed. This Minireview summarizes the molecular design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and imaging applications of AMPs. The potential challenges and perspectives of AMPs in deep-tissue imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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17
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Abstract
Cancer theranostics holds potential promise for precision medicine; however, most existing theranostic nanoagents are simply developed by doping both therapeutic agents and imaging agent into one particle entity, and thus have an "always-on" pharmaceutical effect and imaging signals regardless of their in vivo location. Herein, the development of an organic afterglow protheranostic nanoassembly (APtN) that specifically activates both the pharmaceutical effect and diagnostic signals in response to a tumor-associated chemical mediator (hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2 ) is reported. APtN comprises an amphiphilic macromolecule and a near-infrared (NIR) dye acting as the H2 O2 -responsive afterglow prodrug and the afterglow initiator, respectively. Such a molecular architecture allows APtN to passively target tumors in living mice, specifically release the anticancer drug in the tumor, and spontaneously generate the uncaged afterglow substrate. Upon NIR light preirradiation, the afterglow initiator generates singlet oxygen to react and subsequently transform the uncaged afterglow substrate into an active self-luminescent form. Thus, the intensity of generated afterglow luminescence is correlated with the drug release status, permitting real-time in vivo monitoring of prodrug activation. This study proposes a background-free design strategy toward activatable cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Chen Xie
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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18
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Wang Y, Hu X, Weng J, Li J, Fan Q, Zhang Y, Ye D. A Photoacoustic Probe for the Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis by Caspase-Mediated Macrocyclization and Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4886-4890. [PMID: 30688393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging shows promise in the sensitive detection of caspase-3 activated in early tumor apoptosis in response to chemotherapy; smart PA probes are thus in high demand. Herein, we report the first smart PA probe (1-RGD) responsive to caspase-3, enabling real-time and high-resolution imaging of tumor apoptosis. 1-RGD is designed to leverage the synergetic effect of active delivery and caspase-3 activation. It is selectively recognized by active caspase-3 to trigger peptide substrate cleavage and biocompatible macrocyclization-mediated self-assembly, leading to an amplified PA imaging signal and prolonged retention in apoptotic tumor cells. Strong, high-resolution PA images are obtained in chemotherapy-induced apoptotic tumors in living mice after intravenous administration with 1-RGD, facilitating sensitive reporting of caspase-3 activity and distribution within tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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19
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Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Lio DCS, Zheng M, Xu C. Functional Imaging with Nucleic-Acid-Based Sensors: Technology, Application and Future Healthcare Prospects. Chembiochem 2018; 20:437-450. [PMID: 30230165 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Timely monitoring and assessment of human health plays a crucial role in maintaining the wellbeing of our advancing society. In addition to medical tools and devices, suitable probe agents are crucial to assist such monitoring, either in passive or active ways (i.e., sensors) through inducible signals. In this review we highlight recent developments in activatable optical sensors based on nucleic acids. Sensing mechanisms and bio-applications of these nucleic acid sensors in ex vivo assays, intracellular or in vivo settings are described. In addition, we discuss the limitations of these sensors and how nanotechnology can complement/enhance sensor properties to promote translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - David C Yeo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Daniel Chin Shiuan Lio
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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20
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Qi J, Chen C, Ding D, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Union Is Strength, Gathering Illuminates Healthcare. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800477. [PMID: 29969201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of healthcare techniques encourages the emergence of new molecular imaging agents and modalities. Fluorescence imaging that enables precise monitoring and detection of biological processes/diseases is extensively investigated as this imaging technique has strengths in terms of high sensitivity, excellent temporal resolution, low cost, and good safety. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have recently emerged as a new class of emitters that possess several notable features, such as high brightness, large Stokes shift, marked photostability, good biocompatibility, and so on. So far, AIEgens are widely explored and exhibit superb performance in the area of biomedicine and life sciences. Herein, this review summarizes and discusses the recent investigations of AIEgens for in vivo diagnosis and therapy including long-term tracking, 3D angiography, multimodality imaging, disease theranostics, and activatable sensing. Collectively, these results reveal that AIEgens are of great promise for in vivo biomedical applications. It is hoped that this review will lead to new insights into the development of advanced healthcare materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction; Division of Life Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction; Division of Life Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- NSFC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates; SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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21
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Lyu Y, Pu K. Recent Advances of Activatable Molecular Probes Based on Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles in Sensing and Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600481. [PMID: 28638783 PMCID: PMC5473328 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular probes that change their signals in response to the target of interest have a critical role in fundamental biology and medicine. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have recently emerged as a new generation of purely organic photonic nanoagents with desirable properties for biological applications. In particular, tunable optical properties of SPNs allow them to be developed into photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, and photoacoustic probes, wherein SPNs usually serve as the energy donor and internal reference for luminescence and photoacoustic probes, respectively. Moreover, facile surface modification and intraparticle engineering provide the versatility to make them responsive to various biologically and pathologically important substances and indexes including small-molecule mediators, proteins, pH and temperature. This article focuses on recent advances in the development of SPN-based activatable molecular probes for sensing and imaging. The designs and applications of these probes are discussed in details, and the present challenges to further advance them into life science are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University70 Nanyang DriveSingapore637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University70 Nanyang DriveSingapore637457
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22
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Huang Y, Qiu F, Chen D, Shen L, Xu S, Guo D, Su Y, Yan D, Zhu X. Color-Convertible, Unimolecular, Micelle-Based, Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Tumor-Specific Detection and Imaging In Vitro and In Vivo. Small 2017; 13:1604062. [PMID: 28383175 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant progress in molecular probes for cancer diagnosis. However, the conventional molecular probes are designed to be "always-on" by attachment of tumor-targeting ligands, which limits their abilities to diagnose tumors universally due to the variations of targeting efficiency and complex environment in different cancers. Here, it is proposed that a color-convertible, activatable probe is responding to a universal tumor microenvironment for tumor-specific diagnosis without targeting ligands. Based on the significant hallmark of up-regulated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in various tumors, a novel unimolecular micelle constructed by boronate coupling of a hydrophobic hyperbranched poly(fluorene-co-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) core and many hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) arms is built as an H2 O2 -activatable fluorescent nanoprobe to delineate tumors from normal tissues through an aggregation-enhanced fluorescence resonance energy transfer strategy. This color-convertible, activatable nanoprobe is obviously blue-fluorescent in various normal cells, but becomes highly green-emissive in various cancer cells. After intravenous injection to tumor-bearing mice, green fluorescent signals are only detected in tumor tissue. These observations are further confirmed by direct in vivo and ex vivo tumor imaging and immunofluorescence analysis. Such a facile and simple methodology without targeting ligands for tumor-specific detection and imaging is worthwhile to further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingyue Shen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongbo Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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23
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Yin C, Zhen X, Fan Q, Huang W, Pu K. Degradable Semiconducting Oligomer Amphiphile for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging of Hypochlorite. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4174-4182. [PMID: 28296388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hypochlorite (ClO-) is associated with many pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, neuron degeneration, lung injury, and cancer. However, real-time imaging of ClO- is limited to the probes generally relying on fluorescence with shallow tissue-penetration depth. We here propose a self-assembly approach to develop activatable and degradable photoacoustic (PA) nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of ClO-. A near-infrared absorbing amphiphilic oligomer is synthesized to undergo degradation in the presence of a specific ROS (ClO-), which integrates a π-conjugated but ClO- oxidizable backbone with hydrophilic PEG side chains. This molecular architecture allows the oligomer to serve as a degradable nanocarrier to encapsulate the ROS-inert dye and self-assemble into structurally stable nanoparticles through both π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. The self-assembled nanoprobe exhibits sensitive and specific ratiometric PA signals toward ClO-, permitting ratiometric PA imaging of ClO- in the tumor of living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore
| | - Xu Zhen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore
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24
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Zhang J, Zhen X, Upputuri PK, Pramanik M, Chen P, Pu K. Activatable Photoacoustic Nanoprobes for In Vivo Ratiometric Imaging of Peroxynitrite. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 27906478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting nanoprobes doped with bulky borane can undergo specific activation by ONOO- even at tumor-relevant acidic pH (6.8), permitting in vivo ratiometric photoacoustic imaging of ONOO- in the tumor environment of living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Xu Zhen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Paul Kumar Upputuri
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
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25
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Chennoufi R, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Tauc P, Teulade-Fichou MP, Deprez E. Triphenylamines Induce Cell Death Upon 2-Photon Excitation. Mol Imaging 2017. [PMID: 28627326 PMCID: PMC5480627 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117714164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic method for several diseases, in
particular for cancer. This approach uses a photosensitizer, oxygen, and an external light
source to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) at lethal doses to induce cell death. One
drawback of current PDT is the use of visible light which has poor penetration in tissues.
Such a limitation could be overcome by the use of novel organic compounds compatible with
photoactivation under near-infrared light excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are highly
fluorescent compounds that are efficient to induce cell death upon visible light
excitation (458 nm), but outside the biological spectral window. Interestingly, we
recently showed that TPAs target cytoplasmic organelles of living cells, mainly
mitochondria, and induce a high ROS production upon 2-photon excitation (in the 760-860 nm
range), leading to a fast apoptosis process. However, we observed significant differences
among the tested TPA compounds in terms of cell distribution and time courses of cell
death–related events (apoptosis vs necrosis). In summary, TPAs represent serious
candidates as photosensitizers that are compatible with 2-photon excitation to
simultaneously trigger and imaging cell death although the relationship between their
subcellular localization and the cell death mechanism involved is still a matter of
debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Chennoufi
- 1 LBPA, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Florence Mahuteau-Betzer
- 2 Chemistry, Modeling and Imaging for Biology, UMR9187-U1196, Institut Curie, Centre universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Tauc
- 1 LBPA, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- 2 Chemistry, Modeling and Imaging for Biology, UMR9187-U1196, Institut Curie, Centre universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- 1 LBPA, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
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26
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Miao Q, Lyu Y, Ding D, Pu K. Semiconducting Oligomer Nanoparticles as an Activatable Photoacoustic Probe with Amplified Brightness for In Vivo Imaging of pH. Adv Mater 2016; 28:3662-8. [PMID: 27000431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An activatable photoacoustic nanoprobe based on a semiconducting oligomer with amplified brightness and pH-sensing capability is developed by taking advantage of nanodoping to simultaneously create both intraparticle photoinduced electron transfer and intramolecular protonation within a single particle. This organic nanoprobe permits noninvasive real-time ratiometric photoacoustic imaging of pH in tumors in living mice through systemic administration at a relatively low dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
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27
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Miao Q, Lyu Y, Ding D, Pu K. Photoacoustic Imaging: Semiconducting Oligomer Nanoparticles as an Activatable Photoacoustic Probe with Amplified Brightness for In Vivo Imaging of pH (Adv. Mater. 19/2016). Adv Mater 2016; 28:3606. [PMID: 27167028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201670129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of photoacoustic imaging in the life sciences, the development of smart activatable photoacoustic probes remains elusive. On page 3662, K. Pu and co-workers report a facile nanoengineering approach based on semiconducting oligomer nano-particles to develop ratiometric photoacoustic probes with amplified brightness and enhanced sensing capability for accurate photoacoustic mapping of pH in the tumors of living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
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28
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Barlow N, Nasser Y, Zhao P, Sharma N, Guerrero-Alba R, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Lieu T, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Conner JW, Lindström E, Craig AW, Graham B, Vanner SJ, Bunnett NW. Demonstration of elevated levels of active cathepsin S in dextran sulfate sodium colitis using a new activatable probe. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1675-80. [PMID: 26303377 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases play a major role in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Activatable probes are a major technological advance, enabling sensitive detection of active proteases in tissue samples. Our aim was to synthesize an activatable probe for cathepsin S and validate its use in a mouse model of colitis. METHODS We designed and synthesized a new fluorescent activatable probe, NB200, for the detection of active cathepsin S. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by the administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Homogenized mouse colons, with or without the addition of the specific cathepsin S inhibitor MV026031, were incubated with NB200 in a fluorescent plate reader. KEY RESULTS NB200 selectively detected purified cathepsin S and not other common inflammatory proteases. Homogenates of colon from mice with DSS colitis induced a significant fluorescent increase when compared to control animals (control vs DSS: p < 0.05 at 200 min and p < 0.01 at 220-240 min), indicating cathepsin S activation. The cathepsin S inhibitor abolished this increase in fluorescence (DSS vs DSS + MV026031: p < 0.05 at 140 min, p < 0.01 at 180 min, p < 0.001 at 200-240 min), which confirms cathepsin S activation. Cathepsin S activity correlated with the disease activity index (Spearman r = 0.77, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our investigation has demonstrated the utility of activatable probes for detecting protease activity in intestinal inflammation. Panels of such probes may allow 'signature' protease profiles to be established for a range of inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Barlow
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Y Nasser
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - P Zhao
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - N Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - R Guerrero-Alba
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - L E Edgington-Mitchell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - T Lieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - N A Veldhuis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - D P Poole
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - J W Conner
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | - A W Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - B Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - S J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - N W Bunnett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville Australia, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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29
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Abstract
Optical imaging is becoming increasingly promising for real-time image-guided resections, and combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photochemistry-based treatment modality, optical approaches can be intrinsically "theranostic." Challenges in PDT include precise light delivery, dosimetry, and photosensitizer tumor localization to establish tumor selectivity, and like all other modalities, incomplete treatment and subsequent activation of molecular escape pathways are often attributable to tumor heterogeneity. Key advances in molecular imaging, target-activatable photosensitizers, and optically active nanoparticles that provide both cytotoxicity and a drug release mechanism have opened exciting avenues to meet these challenges. The focus of the review is optical imaging in the context of PDT, but the general principles presented are applicable to many of the conventional approaches to cancer management. We highlight the role of optical imaging in providing structural, functional, and molecular information regarding photodynamic mechanisms of action, thereby advancing PDT and PDT-based combination therapies of cancer. These advances represent a PDT renaissance with increasing applications of clinical PDT as a frontline cancer therapy working in concert with fluorescence-guided surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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30
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van Duijnhoven SMJ, Robillard MS, Langereis S, Grüll H. Bioresponsive probes for molecular imaging: concepts and in vivo applications. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2015; 10:282-308. [PMID: 25873263 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a powerful tool to visualize and characterize biological processes at the cellular and molecular level in vivo. In most molecular imaging approaches, probes are used to bind to disease-specific biomarkers highlighting disease target sites. In recent years, a new subset of molecular imaging probes, known as bioresponsive molecular probes, has been developed. These probes generally benefit from signal enhancement at the site of interaction with its target. There are mainly two classes of bioresponsive imaging probes. The first class consists of probes that show direct activation of the imaging label (from "off" to "on" state) and have been applied in optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The other class consists of probes that show specific retention of the imaging label at the site of target interaction and these probes have found application in all different imaging modalities, including photoacoustic imaging and nuclear imaging. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of bioresponsive imaging probes in order to discuss the various molecular imaging strategies. The focus of the present article is the rationale behind the design of bioresponsive molecular imaging probes and their potential in vivo application for the detection of endogenous molecular targets in pathologies such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M J van Duijnhoven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S Robillard
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Langereis
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Grüll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
NanoCluster Beacons (NCBs), which use few-atom DNA-templated silver clusters as reporters, are a type of activatable molecular probes that are low-cost and easy to prepare. While NCBs provide a high fluorescence enhancement ratio upon activation, their activation colors are currently limited. Here we report a simple method to design NCBs with complementary emission colors, creating a set of multicolor probes for homogeneous, separation-free detection. By systematically altering the position and the number of cytosines in the cluster-nucleation sequence, we have tuned the activation colors of NCBs to green (C8-8, 460 nm/555 nm); yellow (C5-5, 525 nm/585 nm); red (C3-4, 580 nm/635 nm); and near-infrared (C3-3, 645 nm/695 nm). At the same NCB concentration, the activated yellow NCB (C5-5) was found to be 1.3 times brighter than the traditional red NCB (C3-4). Three of the four colors (green, yellow, and red) were relatively spectrally pure. We also found that subtle changes in the linker sequence (down to the single-nucleotide level) could significantly alter the emission spectrum pattern of an NCB. When the length of linker sequences was increased, the emission peaks were found to migrate in a periodic fashion, suggesting short-range interactions between silver clusters and nucleobases. Size exclusion chromatography results indicated that the activated NCBs are more compact than their native duplex forms. Our findings demonstrate the unique photophysical properties and environmental sensitivities of few-atom DNA-templated silver clusters, which are not seen before in common organic dyes or luminescent crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy M. Obliosca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert A. Batson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mainak Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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32
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Spring BQ, Palanisami A, Hasan T. Microscale receiver operating characteristic analysis of micrometastasis recognition using activatable fluorescent probes indicates leukocyte imaging as a critical factor to enhance accuracy. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:066006. [PMID: 24919449 PMCID: PMC4053439 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.6.066006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-targeted probes are emerging with applications for optical biopsy of cancer. An underexplored potential clinical use of these probes is to monitor residual cancer micrometastases that escape cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Here, we show that leukocytes, or white blood cells, residing in nontumor tissues--as well as those infiltrating micrometastatic lesions--uptake cancer cell-targeted, activatable immunoconjugates nonspecifically, which limits the accuracy and resolution of micrometastasis recognition using these probes. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of freshly excised tissues from a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis suggests that dual-color imaging, adding an immunostain for leukocytes, offers promise for enabling accurate recognition of single cancer cells. Our results indicate that leukocyte identification improves micrometastasis recognition sensitivity and specificity from 92 to 93%--for multicellular metastases >20 to 30 μm in size--to 98 to 99.9% for resolving metastases as small as a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Q. Spring
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Akilan Palanisami
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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33
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Abstract
Interest in MRI contrast agents for molecular imaging of biological function experienced a surge of excitement approximately 20 years ago with the development of the first activatable contrast agents that could act as biosensors and turn "on" in response to a specific biological activity. This brief tutorial, based on a short course lecture from the 2011 ISMRM meeting, provides an overview of underlying principles governing the design of biosensing contrast agents. We describe mechanisms by which an MRI contrast agent can be made into a sensor for both T1 and T2 types contrast agents. Examples of biological activities that can interact with a contrast agent are discussed using specific examples from the recent literature to illustrate the primary mechanisms of action that have been used to achieve activation. MRI sensors for pH, ion binding, enzyme cleavage, and oxidation-reduction are presented. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive review, but an illustrative primer to explain how activation can be achieved for an MRI contrast agent. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is not covered as these agents were covered in a separate lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Louie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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34
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Morgounova E, Shao Q, Hackel BJ, Thomas DD, Ashkenazi S. Photoacoustic lifetime contrast between methylene blue monomers and self-quenched dimers as a model for dual-labeled activatable probes. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:56004. [PMID: 23640075 PMCID: PMC4023645 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.5.056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Activatable photoacoustic probes efficiently combine the high spatial resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound with the high optical contrast and versatility of molecular imaging agents. Our approach is based on photoacoustic probing of the excited-state lifetime of methylene blue (MB), a fluorophore widely used in clinical therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Upon aggregation, static quenching between the bound molecules dramatically shortens their lifetime by three orders of magnitude. We present preliminary results demonstrating the ability of photoacoustic imaging to probe the lifetime contrast between monomers and dimers with high sensitivity in cylindrical phantoms. Gradual dimerization enhancement, driven by the addition of increasing concentrations of sodium sulfate to a MB solution, showed that lifetime-based photoacoustic probing decreases linearly with monomer concentration. Similarly, the addition of 4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, a concentration that amplifies MB aggregation and reduces the monomer concentration by more than 20-fold, led to a signal decrease of more than 20 dB compared to a solution free of surfactant. These results suggest that photoacoustic imaging can be used to selectively detect the presence of monomers. We conclude by discussing the implementation of the monomer-dimer contrast mechanism for the development of an enzyme-specific activatable probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Morgounova
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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35
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Huang X, Lee S, Chen X. Design of "smart" probes for optical imaging of apoptosis. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 1:3-17. [PMID: 22514789 PMCID: PMC3327302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms and plays a central role in controlling embryonic development, growth and differentiation and monitoring the induction of tumor cell death through anticancer therapy. Since the most effective chemotherapeutics rely on apoptosis, imaging apoptotic processes can be an invaluable tool to monitor therapeutic intervention and discover new drugs modulating apoptosis. The most attractive target for developing specific apoptosis imaging probes is caspases, crucial mediators of apoptosis. Up to now, various optical imaging strategies for apoptosis have been developed as an easy and economical modality. However, current optical applications are limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. A subset of molecular imaging contrast agents known as "activatable" or "smart" molecular probes allow for very high signal-to-background ratios compared to conventional targeted contrast agents and open up the possibility of imaging intracellular targets. In this review, we will discuss the unique design strategies and applications of activatable probes recently developed for fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), Bethesda, MD, USA
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36
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Xie J, Zhang F, Aronova M, Zhu L, Lin X, Quan Q, Liu G, Zhang G, Choi KY, Kim K, Sun X, Lee S, Sun S, Leapman R, Chen X. Manipulating the power of an additional phase: a flower-like Au-Fe3O4 optical nanosensor for imaging protease expressions in vivo. ACS Nano 2011; 5:3043-51. [PMID: 21366330 PMCID: PMC3082626 DOI: 10.1021/nn200161v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We and others have recently proposed the synthesis of composite nanoparticles that offer strongly enhanced functionality. Here we have used a flower-shaped Au-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle as a template to construct an optical probe containing Cy5.5-GPLGVRG-TDOPA on the iron oxide surface and SH-PEG(5000) on the gold surface that can be specifically activated by matrix metalloproteinases expressed in tumors. Gold nanoparticles have excellent quenching properties, but labile surface chemistry in vivo; on the other hand, iron oxide nanoparticles afford robust surface chemistry, but are suboptimal as energy receptors. By a marriage of the two, we have produced a unified structure with performance that is unachievable with the separate components. Our results are a further demonstration that the architecture of nanoparticles can be modulated to tailor their function as molecular imaging/therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Maria Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lei Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Qimeng Quan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ki-Young Choi
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Seulki Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Xiaoyuan Chen: Phone: (301) 451-4246, Fax (301) 480-1613, , Dr. Seulki Lee: Phone (301) 402-3427, Fax (301) 480-5444,
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Richard Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Xiaoyuan Chen: Phone: (301) 451-4246, Fax (301) 480-1613, , Dr. Seulki Lee: Phone (301) 402-3427, Fax (301) 480-5444,
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37
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Abstract
We demonstrate the first true real-time in vivo video imaging of extracellular protease expression using an ultrafast-acting and extended-use activatable probe. This simple, one-step technique is capable of boosting fluorescent signals upon target protease cleavage as early as 30 minutes from injection in a small animal model and is able to sustain the strong fluorescent signal up to 24 hours. Using this method, we video imaged the expression and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in a tumor-bearing mouse model. The current platform can be universally applied to any target protease of interest with a known peptide substrate and is adaptable to a wide range of real-time imaging applications with high throughputs such as for in vivo drug screening, examinations of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, and monitoring of disease onset and development in animal models.
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38
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Solomon M, Liu Y, Berezin MY, Achilefu S. Optical imaging in cancer research: basic principles, tumor detection, and therapeutic monitoring. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:397-415. [PMID: 21757928 PMCID: PMC7388590 DOI: 10.1159/000327655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and rapid detection of diseases is of great importance for assessing the molecular basis of pathogenesis, preventing the onset of complications, and implementing a tailored therapeutic regimen. The ability of optical imaging to transcend wide spatial imaging scales ranging from cells to organ systems has rejuvenated interest in using this technology for medical imaging. Moreover, optical imaging has at its disposal diverse contrast mechanisms for distinguishing normal from pathologic processes and tissues. To accommodate these signaling strategies, an array of imaging techniques has been developed. Importantly, light absorption, and emission methods, as well as hybrid optical imaging approaches are amenable to both small animal and human studies. Typically, complex methods are needed to extract quantitative data from deep tissues. This review focuses on the development of optical imaging platforms, image processing techniques, and molecular probes, as well as their applications in cancer diagnosis, staging, and monitoring therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metasebya Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
| | - Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
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