1
|
Ihrig M, Dashjav E, Odenwald P, Dellen C, Grüner D, Gross JP, Nguyen TTH, Lin YH, Scheld WS, Lee C, Schwaiger R, Mahmoud A, Malzbender J, Guillon O, Uhlenbruck S, Finsterbusch M, Tietz F, Teng H, Fattakhova-Rohlfing D. Enabling High-Performance Hybrid Solid-State Batteries by Improving the Microstructure of Free-Standing LATP/LFP Composite Cathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17461-17473. [PMID: 38556803 PMCID: PMC11009911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The phosphate lithium-ion conductor Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) is an economically attractive solid electrolyte for the fabrication of safe and robust solid-state batteries, but high sintering temperatures pose a material engineering challenge for the fabrication of cell components. In particular, the high surface roughness of composite cathodes resulting from enhanced crystal growth is detrimental to their integration into cells with practical energy density. In this work, we demonstrate that efficient free-standing ceramic cathodes of LATP and LiFePO4 (LFP) can be produced by using a scalable tape casting process. This is achieved by adding 5 wt % of Li2WO4 (LWO) to the casting slurry and optimizing the fabrication process. LWO lowers the sintering temperature without affecting the phase composition of the materials, resulting in mechanically stable, electronically conductive, and free-standing cathodes with a smooth, homogeneous surface. The optimized cathode microstructure enables the deposition of a thin polymer separator attached to the Li metal anode to produce a cell with good volumetric and gravimetric energy densities of 289 Wh dm-3 and 180 Wh kg-1, respectively, on the cell level and Coulombic efficiency above 99% after 30 cycles at 30 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ihrig
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Keelung Rd., Section 4, Da’an Dist. Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Enkhtsetseg Dashjav
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Odenwald
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dellen
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Grüner
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peter Gross
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thi Tuyet Hanh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Walter Sebastian Scheld
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Changhee Lee
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ruth Schwaiger
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Abdelfattah Mahmoud
- GREENMat,
CESAM Research Unit, Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Malzbender
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Uhlenbruck
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Finsterbusch
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Tietz
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hsisheng Teng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical
Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center
of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou A, Huang C, Tsai C, Huang C, Schierholz R, Lo H, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel R, Chang J, Wu W. All-Solid-State Garnet-Based Lithium Batteries at Work-In Operando TEM Investigations of Delithiation/Lithiation Process and Capacity Degradation Mechanism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205012. [PMID: 36529956 PMCID: PMC9929109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO)-based all-solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) are very attractive next-generation energy storage devices owing to their potential for achieving enhanced safety and improved energy density. However, the rigid nature of the ceramics challenges the SSLB fabrication and the afterward interfacial stability during electrochemical cycling. Here, a promising LLZO-based SSLB with a high areal capacity and stable cycle performance over 100 cycles is demonstrated. In operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used for successfully demonstrating and investigating the delithiation/lithiation process and understanding the capacity degradation mechanism of the SSLB on an atomic scale. Other than the interfacial delamination between LLZO and LiCoO2 (LCO) owing to the stress evolvement during electrochemical cycling, oxygen deficiency of LCO not only causes microcrack formation in LCO but also partially decomposes LCO into metallic Co and is suggested to contribute to the capacity degradation based on the atomic-scale insights. When discharging the SSLB to a voltage of ≈1.2 versus Li/Li+ , severe capacity fading from the irreversible decomposition of LCO into metallic Co and Li2 O is observed under in operando TEM. These observations reveal the capacity degradation mechanisms of the LLZO-based SSLB, which provides important information for future LLZO-based SSLB developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An‐Yuan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Long Tsai
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Chun‐Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFeng Chia UniversityNo. 100, Wenhwa RdSeatwenTaichung40724Taiwan
| | - Roland Schierholz
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hung‐Yang Lo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Rüdiger‐A. Eichel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher– und wandlerRWTH Aachen UniversityD‐52074AachenGermany
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK–12: Helmholtz–Institute MünsterIonics in Energy Storage)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Jeng‐Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano‐system Technology ResearchHsinchu30078Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|