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Muzaffar A, Chen Y, Lee H, Wu C, Le TT, Liang J, Lu C, Balasubramaniam H, Lo S, Yu L, Chan C, Chen K, Lee M, Hsing Y, Ho TD, Yu S. A newly evolved rice-specific gene JAUP1 regulates jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling to promote root development and multi-stress tolerance. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:1417-1432. [PMID: 38193234 PMCID: PMC11022792 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Root architecture and function are critical for plants to secure water and nutrient supply from the soil, but environmental stresses alter root development. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant growth and responses to wounding and other stresses, but its role in root development for adaptation to environmental challenges had not been well investigated. We discovered a novel JA Upregulated Protein 1 gene (JAUP1) that has recently evolved in rice and is specific to modern rice accessions. JAUP1 regulates a self-perpetuating feed-forward loop to activate the expression of genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signalling that confers tolerance to abiotic stresses and regulates auxin-dependent root development. Ectopic expression of JAUP1 alleviates abscisic acid- and salt-mediated suppression of lateral root (LR) growth. JAUP1 is primarily expressed in the root cap and epidermal cells (EPCs) that protect the meristematic stem cells and emerging LRs. Wound-activated JA/JAUP1 signalling promotes crosstalk between the root cap of LR and parental root EPCs, as well as induces cell wall remodelling in EPCs overlaying the emerging LR, thereby facilitating LR emergence even under ABA-suppressive conditions. Elevated expression of JAUP1 in transgenic rice or natural rice accessions enhances abiotic stress tolerance and reduces grain yield loss under a limited water supply. We reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for wound-induced JA in LR development under abiotic stress and suggest that JAUP1 can be used in biotechnology and as a molecular marker for breeding rice adapted to extreme environmental challenges and for the conservation of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Muzaffar
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yi‐Shih Chen
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang‐Ting Lee
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng‐Chieh Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Trang Thi Le
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Jin‐Zhang Liang
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Department of Agricultural ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chun‐Hsien Lu
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Hariharan Balasubramaniam
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia Sinica and National Chung Hsing UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Shuen‐Fang Lo
- International Bachelor Program of AgribusinessNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Lin‐Chih Yu
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chien‐Hao Chan
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Ku‐Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Miin‐Huey Lee
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yue‐Ie Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Tuan‐Hua David Ho
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Su‐May Yu
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia Sinica and National Chung Hsing UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
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Hsu K. Erythroid anion transport, nitric oxide, and blood pressure. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1363987. [PMID: 38660536 PMCID: PMC11039876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1363987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycophorin A and glycophorin B are structural membrane glycoproteins bound in the band 3 multiprotein complexes on human red blood cells (RBCs). Band 3 is an erythroid-specific anion exchanger (AE1). AE1-mediated HCO3 - transport provides the substrate for the enzyme-catalyzed conversion HCO3 - (aq) ⇌ CO2(g), which takes place inside the RBCs. Bicarbonate transport via AE1 supports intravascular acid-base homeostasis and respiratory excretion of CO2. In the past decade, we conducted several comparative physiology studies on Taiwanese people having the glycophorin variant GPMur RBC type (which accompanies greater AE1 expression). We found that increased anion transport across the erythrocyte membrane not only enhances gas exchange and lung functions but also elevates blood pressure (BP) and reduces nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and exhaled NO fraction (FeNO) in healthy individuals with GP.Mur. Notably, in people carrying the GPMur blood type, the BP and NO-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are both more strongly correlated with individual hemoglobin (Hb) levels. As blood NO and nitrite (NO2 -) are predominantly scavenged by intraerythrocytic Hb, and NO2 - primarily enters RBCs via AE1, could a more monoanion-permeable RBC membrane (i.e., GPMur/increased AE1) enhance NO2 -/NO3 - permeability and Hb scavenging of NO2 - and NO to affect blood pressure? In this perspective, a working model is proposed for the potential role of AE1 in intravascular NO availability, blood pressure, and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hsiao S, Hsiao C, Shiau J, Chiou K. Hydralazine combined with conventional therapy improved outcomes in severe systolic dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:198-208. [PMID: 37897153 PMCID: PMC10804220 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) accompanied by significant mitral regurgitation (MR) had poor outcome. Several vasodilator trials showed neutral results. We aimed to investigate the effect of early up-titration of hydralazine combined with conventional treatment in acute HF with severe systolic dysfunction and significant MR. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was open-labelled, one-to-one ratio randomized designed. Consecutively hospitalized patients with decompensated HF symptoms, LVEF < 35%, and MR more than moderate severity were enrolled after exclusion. All participants with inadequate preload should have intake promotion with/without fluid supply. Patients receiving evidence-based medications (EBMs) as conventional treatment served as the control. Hydralazine + conventional treatment group received up-titration of hydralazine at Days 1-5 of the index admission combined with EBMs and throughout the course of follow-up. The endpoints included cardiovascular (CV) death and HF rehospitalization. Totally, 408 patients were enrolled (203 in conventional treatment and 205 in hydralazine + conventional treatment). The mean follow-up period was 3.5 years. The mean dose of hydralazine was 191 mg at index admission and 264 mg at study end in hydralazine + conventional treatment group. Both groups did not significantly differ in prescription rates and dosages of EBMs (all P > 0.05) at study end. Side effects did not differ between the two groups. Finally, 51% (104 out of 203 cases) reached endpoints in conventional group and 34.6% (71 out of 205 cases) in hydralazine + conventional treatment group, which had a significant reduction in CV events (hazard ratio 0.613, 95% confidence interval 0.427-0.877, P < 0.001). In-hospital death during the index admission was significantly higher in conventional group (5.4% vs. 0.5%, respectively; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS When administered without inadequate preload, combining early up-titration of hydralazine with EBMs improves outcome in patients with severe systolic dysfunction and significant MR, and it is safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Hung Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineE‐Da Hospital, I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Sheng Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineE‐Da Hospital, I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Jau‐Wen Shiau
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Kuan‐Rau Chiou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineShuang Ho HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- School of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Liao C, Chuang S, Cheng H, Lin C, Chen C. Aortic Characteristic Impedance and Suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Community-Based Healthy Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032268. [PMID: 38156549 PMCID: PMC10863810 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging of the proximal aorta can lead to increased pressure and flow pulsatility in the cerebral microcirculation, which may cause cognitive impairment. This study investigated the association between aortic characteristic impedance (Zc), an indicator of regional stiffness of the proximal aorta, and suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1461 healthy community residents (46.4% men; age range, 35-96 years [mean±SD, 59.9±11.8 years]) without a history of cardiovascular events or stroke were included in the study. Zc was estimated using applanation tonometry and echocardiography. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Education-adjusted cut points were used to define suspected MCI. Subjects with suspected MCI (n=493 [33.7%]) had significantly higher Zc and CFPWV than those without. In multivariable analysis, both Zc and CFPWV were inversely associated with Mini-Mental State Examination score. Zc (odds ratio per 1 SD, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.09-1.37] and CFPWV (odds ratio per 1 SD, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01-1.38]) was also significantly associated with suspected MCI, after adjusting for age, sex, education level, mean arterial pressure, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking status. In joint analysis, Zc was significantly associated with suspected MCI, but CFPWV was not. In the age subgroups of <50 years and 50 to 70 years, only Zc was significantly associated with suspected MCI. CONCLUSIONS This study found that Zc was significantly associated with Mini-Mental State Examination score and suspected MCI, especially in younger and middle-aged adults. These findings suggest that Zc may be a useful biomarker for identifying individuals at risk for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Feng Liao
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shao‐Yuan Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research InstituteMiaoliTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Hao‐Min Cheng
- Program of Interdisciplinary MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
- Division of Faculty Development, Department of Medical EducationTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chen‐Hua Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chen‐Huan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan, R.O.C.
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Hong G, Chung C, Park D, Lee S, Lee JE, Kang DH. Spontaneous regression of recurrent pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with alteration of PD-L1 expression after surgical resection: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:266-270. [PMID: 38057657 PMCID: PMC10803218 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with a poor prognosis. Spontaneous regression, that is, partial or complete disappearance of a malignancy without medical intervention, is extremely rare in LCNEC. Herein, we present a case of spontaneous complete regression in a 71-year-old male patient with recurrent LCNEC after surgical resection. The patient was diagnosed with stage IB LCNEC and underwent surgical resection. At 1-year follow-up, chest computed tomography revealed a recurrent lesion next to the stump site and enlargement of lymph nodes 4R and 7; recurrent LCNEC was confirmed. The patient declined chemoradiation therapy. One year after recurrence, the patient experienced severe multifocal necrotizing pneumonia and was treated with antibiotics, resulting in a gradual decrease in the size of the recurrent lesion. Five years after the initial diagnosis, positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed no hypermetabolic lesions, indicating the spontaneous complete regression of LCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Green Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Dongil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Song‐I Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Da Hyun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
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Hsieh M, Liu C, Lin S, Lin P, Chang Y, Wang C, Chen C, Sung P. Comparing Efficacy and Safety Between Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin After Direct Oral Anticoagulant Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029979. [PMID: 38038171 PMCID: PMC10727336 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of recurrent stroke is noted in patients with atrial fibrillation despite direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use. We investigated the efficacy and safety of treatment with each of 4 different DOACs or warfarin after DOAC failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed patients with atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke despite DOAC treatment between January 2002 and December 2016. The different outcomes of patients with DOAC failure were compared, including recurrent ischemic stroke, major cardiovascular events, intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, mortality, and net composite outcomes according to switching to different DOACs or vitamin K antagonist after index ischemic stroke. We identified 3759 patients with DOAC failure. A total of 84 patients experienced recurrent ischemic stroke after switching to different oral anticoagulants, with a total follow-up time of 14 years. Using the vitamin K antagonist group as a reference, switching to any of the 4 DOACs was associated with a 69% to 77% reduced risk of major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.25 [95% CI, 0.16-0.39] for apixaban, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.14-0.37] for dabigatran, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.09-0.60] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.21-0.45] for rivaroxaban), and a 69% to 83% reduced risk of net composite outcomes (aHR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.18-0.35] for apixaban, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.11-0.25] for dabigatran, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17-0.56] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.23-0.41] for rivaroxaban). CONCLUSIONS In Asian patients with DOAC failure, continuing DOACs after index stroke was associated with fewer undesirable outcomes than switching to a vitamin K antagonist. Alternative pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Tsang Hsieh
- Stroke Center and Department of NeurologyChi‐Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Hung Liu
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting CenterNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Po‐Yu Lin
- Department of NeurologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ming Chang
- Department of NeurologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Min Wang
- Department of NeurologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hung Chen
- Department of NeurologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Pi‐Shan Sung
- Department of NeurologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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Cheng Y, Liao Y, Chen C, Chung C, Fann CSJ, Chang C, Lee Y, Tang S. Contribution of the APOE Genotype to Cognitive Impairment in Individuals With NOTCH3 Cysteine-Altering Variants. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e032689. [PMID: 37982214 PMCID: PMC10727295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prevalent monogenic cerebral small-vessel disease. Phenotype variability in CADASIL suggests the possible role of genetic modifiers. We aimed to investigate the contributions of the APOE genotype and Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (NOTCH3) variant position to cognitive impairment associated with CADASIL. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with the cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variant were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), brain magnetic resonance imaging, and APOE genotyping. Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score <24. The associations between the MMSE score and genetic factors were assessed using linear regression models. Bayesian adjustment for confounding was used to identify clinical confounders. A total of 246 individuals were enrolled, among whom 210 (85%) harbored the p.R544C variant, 96 (39%) had cognitive impairment, and 150 (61%) had a history of stroke. The APOE ɛ2 allele was associated with a lower MMSE score (adjusted B, -4.090 [95% CI, -6.708 to -1.473]; P=0.023), whereas the NOTCH3 p.R544C variant was associated with a higher MMSE score (adjusted B, 2.854 [95% CI, 0.603-5.105]; P=0.0132) after adjustment for age, education, and history of ischemic stroke. Mediation analysis suggests that the associations between the APOE ɛ2 allele and MMSE score and between the NOTCH3 p.R544C variant and MMSE score are mediated by mesial temporal atrophy and white matter hyperintensity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS APOE genotype may modify cognitive impairment in CADASIL, whereby individuals carrying the APOE ɛ2 allele may present a more severe cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Wen Cheng
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chu Liao
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Ping Chung
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | - Yi‐Chung Lee
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sung‐Chun Tang
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Islam R, Sultana N. Efficacy of clove and tulsi supplementation in drinking water in broiler immunity. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2731-2738. [PMID: 37655435 PMCID: PMC10650245 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants or their products are popular substitutes for antibiotics or other synthetic growth promoters for their beneficial effects and cost-effectiveness. Clove (Cv) and tulsi (Ts) are rich in phytochemicals and are used to augment the growth performance of poultry. OBJECTIVES The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of Cv and Ts supplementation in drinking water on the morphologic and morphometric adaptations in the lymphoid organs. METHODS The experiment was conducted on 60 broiler chicks, divided into 4 homogenous groups (5 pens/group and 3 broilers/pen) named T0 (control), T1 (0.5% Cv and 2% Ts), T2 (1% Cv and 3% Ts) and T3 (1.5% Cv and 4% Ts). The treatments were administered from days 8 to 28. Lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius) were collected on days 14, 21 and 28 after sacrificing five broilers from each group. RESULTS The treatment groups had higher thymus and spleen weights on day 21, whereas the weights of the bursa of Fabricius were higher on days 14, 21 and 28. In the histomorphologic study, no noticeable difference in the histoarchitectures of the lymphoid organs was noticed. However, substantial differences in the cortico-medullary ratio and the number of follicles in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, respectively, were found in the histomorphometric investigation. CONCLUSION The inclusion of Cv and Ts in drinking water augments the weight of lymphoid organs with histomorphometric adaptations that might improve the immune status in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
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Shen F, Ma Q, Tietz F, Kao J, Huang C, Hernandha RFH, Huang C, Lo Y, Chang J, Wu W. In Situ Atomic-Scale Investigation of Structural Evolution During Sodiation/Desodiation Processes in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -Based All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301490. [PMID: 37672878 PMCID: PMC10646283 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, all-solid-state sodium batteries (Na-ASSBs) have received increased interest owing to their high safety and potential of high energy density. The potential of Na-ASSBs based on sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 (Na3 VP) cathodes have been proven by their high capacity and a long cycling stability closely related to the microstructural evolution. However, the detailed kinetics of the electrochemical processes in the cathodes is still unclear. In this work, the sodiation/desodiation process of Na3 VP is first investigated using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The intermediate Na2 V2 (PO4 )3 (Na2 VP) phase with the P21 /c space group, which would be inhibited by constant electron beam irradiation, is observed at the atomic scale. With the calculated volume change and the electrode-electrolyte interface after cycling, it can be concluded that the Na2 VP phase reduces the lattice mismatch between Na3 VP and NaV2 (PO4 )3 (NaVP), preventing structural collapse. Based on the density functional theory calculation (DFT), the Na+ ion migrates more rapidly in the Na2 VP structure, which facilitates the desodiation and sodiation processes. The formation of Na2 VP phase lowers the formation energy of NaVP. This study demonstrates the dynamic evolution of the Na3 VP structure, paving the way for an in-depth understanding of electrode materials for energy-storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Chun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Qianli Ma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate ResearchMaterials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)52425JülichGermany
| | - Frank Tietz
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate ResearchMaterials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)52425JülichGermany
| | - Jui‐Cheng Kao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Ting Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFeng Chia UniversityNo. 100, Wenhwa Rd., SeatwenTaichung40724Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Lo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Jeng‐Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano‐system Technology ResearchHsinchu30078Taiwan
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Li Y, Hu S, Lang S, Pu Y, Zhang S, Li T, Xu X, Jia Y, Wang G, Yuan D, Li Y. Soil quality and ecological benefits assessment of alpine desertified grassland following different ecological restoration measures. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1283457. [PMID: 37954986 PMCID: PMC10634470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1283457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Soil quality plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth for restored grassland. However, few studies investigate the comprehensive effects considering soil and vegetation properties during the restoration of desertified grassland, which restrict the virtuous circle of restored grassland ecosystem. Methods By setting three restoration patterns of enclosure plus grass (EG), enclosure intercropping shrub-grass (ESG), and enclosure plus sand-barrier and shrub-grass (ESSG) with three different restoration years (≤5, 7-9, and ≥15 years), we selected 28 physicochemical and microbial indicators, and constructed a minimum data set (MDS) to analyze the influences of restoration measurements on soil quality and ecological benefits in alpine desertified grassland. Results The results showed that the MDS comprised seven soil quality indicators: silt, total nitrogen (TN), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), total potassium (TK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and fungi. Soil quality index (SQI) and ecological restoration effect index (EREI) in restored grasslands significantly increased by 144.83-561.24% and 87.21-422.12%, respectively, compared with unrestored grassland, and their positive effects increased with extending restoration years. The increasing effects of SQI and EREI were the highest in ESSG, followed by EG and ESG. The increasing rate of SQI began to decrease after 5 years in EG and ESG, while it decreased after 7-9 years in ESSG, and that of EREI in EG was lower than ESSG in each restoration year. Our work revealed that ESSG was the optimum restoration pattern for desertified grassland, and anthropogenic monitoring and management measurements such as applying organic fertilization and mowing return reasonably should be carried out at the beginning of 5 years in EG and ESG as well as 7 years in ESSG to maintain sustainable ecological benefits. Discussion The study highlights that soil quality, including microbial properties, is a key factor to evaluate the restoration effects of desertified grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijia Hu
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanxin Lang
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dagang Yuan
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resource Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Liou S, Cheng C, Chu T, Chang C, Liu H. Effectiveness of differentiated instruction on learning outcomes and learning satisfaction in the evidence-based nursing course: Empirical research quantitative. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6794-6807. [PMID: 37381661 PMCID: PMC10495708 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Diversified students in higher education and the complexity and difficulty of the evidence-based nursing course perceived by students challenge nursing educators. Differentiated instruction can provide students with various opportunities to learn and meet the learning needs of students with different academic abilities and strengths, which may be a solution. This study aimed to apply differentiated instruction to design the undergraduate evidence-based nursing course and evaluate the effects of differentiated instruction on students' learning outcomes and learning satisfaction. DESIGN One-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design was applied. METHODS Ninety-eight undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the evidence-based nursing course 2020 participated in this study. Students' learning outcomes including preferred learning styles, classroom engagement, collaborative learning, attitudes towards evidence-based nursing, learning satisfaction and evidence-based nursing knowledge were measured using validated questionnaires. RESULTS The differentiated instruction increased students' learning interests, promoted focused and independent thinking, and enhanced academic achievement. Students' classroom engagement, attitudes towards evidence-based nursing, evidence-based nursing knowledge and learning satisfaction were improved after the course. The course designed with differentiated instruction provided a supportive learning environment and furnished a vivid pedagogical way for the unique nursing profession. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Positive results of the study support the application of differentiated instruction in the evidence-based nursing course. The study indicates that the application of differentiated instruction in mixed-ability classrooms in the evidence-based nursing course improved students' learning outcomes, attitudes towards evidence-based nursing, evidence-based nursing knowledge and learning satisfaction. In clinical settings where nurses are even more diverse in academic education, clinical experiences and learning preferences, differentiated instruction can be a suitable application for in-service training and education to promote nurses' enthusiasm for professional learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu‐Ru Liou
- Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi BranchPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Yu Cheng
- Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi BranchPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
| | - Tsui‐Ping Chu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi BranchPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Hao Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Chen Liu
- Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyPuzi, ChiayiTaiwan
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12
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Shi‐Heng W, Hsu L, Lin M, Wu C. Associations between depression and cancer risk among patients with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19968-19977. [PMID: 37706606 PMCID: PMC10587979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of depression and diabetes mellitus has been linked to an increased risk of developing cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether depression further amplifies the risk of cancer among individuals with diabetes. METHODS This population-based matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database. A total of 85,489 newly diagnosed diabetic patients with depressive disorders were selected, along with 427,445 comparison subjects. The matching process involved age, sex, and the calendar year of diabetes onset. The average follow-up duration for the two cohorts was 6.4 and 6.5 years, respectively. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of overall cancer or cancer at specific anatomical sites. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratios for overall cancer incidence were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05-1.11). For site-specific cancers, depression exhibited significant associations with oropharyngeal, esophageal, liver, gynecological, prostate, kidney, and hematologic malignancies among patients with diabetes. Notably, a severity-response relationship was observed, indicating that patients with recurrent episodes of major depressive disorders exhibited a higher incidence of cancer compared to those diagnosed with dysthymia or depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Furthermore, the strength of the association between depression and cancer risk was more pronounced among younger patients with diabetes as opposed to older adults. However, no significant relationship was observed between adherence to antidepressant treatment and cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a significant association between depression and an elevated risk of cancer among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Future investigations should replicate our findings, explore the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments on cancer risk, and identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shi‐Heng
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Le‐Yin Hsu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Program of Data ScienceNational Taiwan University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mei‐Chen Lin
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- Department of PsychiatryNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin BranchDouliuTaiwan
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13
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Sung K, Chang H, Hsu N, Huang W, Lin Y, Yun C, Hsiao C, Hsu C, Tsai S, Chen Y, Tsai C, Su C, Hung T, Hou CJ, Yeh H, Hung C. Penalized Model-Based Unsupervised Phenomapping Unravels Distinctive HFrEF Phenotypes With Improved Outcomes Discrimination From Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment Independent of MAGGIC Score. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028860. [PMID: 37681571 PMCID: PMC10547272 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) has emerged as a promising pharmacological intervention against renin-angiotensin system inhibitor in reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF). Whether the therapeutic benefits may vary among heterogeneous HFrEF subgroups remains unknown. Methods and Results This study comprised a pooled 2-center analysis including 1103 patients with symptomatic HFrEF with LCZ696 use and another 1103 independent HFrEF control cohort (with renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use) matched for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, and comorbidity conditions. Three main distinct phenogroup clusterings were identified from unsupervised machine learning using 29 clinical variables: phenogroup 1 (youngest, relatively lower diabetes prevalence, highest glomerular filtration rate with largest left ventricular size and left ventricular wall stress); phenogroup 2 (oldest, lean, highest diabetes and vascular diseases prevalence, lowest highest glomerular filtration rate with smallest left ventricular size and mass), and phenogroup 3 (lowest clinical comorbidity with largest left ventricular mass and highest hypertrophy prevalence). During the median 1.74-year follow-up, phenogroup assignment provided improved prognostic discrimination beyond Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score risk score (all net reclassification index P<0.05) with overall good calibrations. While phenogroup 1 showed overall best clinical outcomes, phenogroup 2 demonstrated highest cardiovascular death and worst renal end point, with phenogroup 3 having the highest all-cause death rate and HF hospitalization among groups, respectively. These findings were broadly consistent when compared with the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor control as reference group. Conclusions Phenomapping provided novel insights on unique characteristics and cardiac features among patients with HFrEF with sacubitril/valsartan treatment. These findings further showed potentiality in identifying potential sacubitril/valsartan responders and nonresponders with improved outcome discrimination among patients with HFrEF beyond clinical scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo‐Tzu Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Nai‐Wei Hsu
- Department of Medical EducationVeterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Mackay Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yueh‐Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Ho Yun
- Mackay Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Division of RadiologyMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chung Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Yi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal MedicineTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shin‐Yi Tsai
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Ying‐Ju Chen
- Department of TelehealthMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Mackay Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Huang Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ta‐Chuan Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Mackay Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Charles Jia‐Yin Hou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
- Mackay Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Hung‐I Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Lieh Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of TelehealthMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesMacKay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
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14
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Wang Q, Qiao Z, Kang W, Zhu L, Zhang X. Comparative analysis of co-culture and monoculture models in simulating diabetic neurovascular dysfunction: insights into diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215218. [PMID: 37745714 PMCID: PMC10515208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction between retinal vascular endothelial cells and neurons plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to compare an in vitro model over a monoculture model to simulate the neurovascular coupling under the hyperglycemic microenvironment of diabetes. Methods Rat retinal vascular endothelial cells (RRMECs) and ganglion cells (RGCs) were seeded mono- or co-cultured in a normal (NG, 5.5 mM) and high (HG, 75 mM) glucose concentrations culture medium. Cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The ability of migration and lumen formation of RRMECs were determined by scratch wound, transwell migration, and lumen formation assays. The apoptosis index of cells was calculated and detected by propidium iodide (PI)/Hoechst staining. Quantitative and morphological analysis of RGCs was performed through the labeling of RGCs by brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A (BRN3A) and anti-beta-III tubulin (TUJ1). The gene and protein expression levels of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The viability, migration, and lumen formation abilities of RRMECs in the HG group significantly increased (P<0.05) in both mono- and co-culture models. Migration and lumen formation abilities of RRMECs in the co-culture with HG were lower than that in the monoculture group (P<0.05). The viability of RGCs cells with HG significantly decreased in both mono- and co-culture models (Pmono<0.001, Pco<0.001), the apoptosis index of RGCs in the co-culture with HG was higher than that in the monoculture (P=0.010). The protein and gene expression of OCLN, and ZO-1 in RRMECs significantly decreased with HG culture medium in both culture models (P<0.05). In the HG group, the protein and gene expression level of the ZO-1 and OCLN of RRMECs significantly decreased in the co-culture model than that in the monoculture model (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with mono cell culture, the established co-culture in vitro system for diabetic neurovascular dysfunction can better stimulate the micro-environment of the retinal neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Qiao
- Clinical Research Center, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Kang
- Clinical Research Center, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
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Lin T, Lee C, Huang K, Wu C, Lee J, Lan C, Su MM, Hwang J, Wang Y, Lin L. Differentiating the Prognostic Determinants of Myocardial Steatosis for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027781. [PMID: 37642018 PMCID: PMC10547328 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial steatosis and fibrosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We therefore investigated the prognostic significance of epicardial fat (epicardial adipose tissue [EAT]) and myocardial diffuse fibrosis. Methods and Results Myocardial fibrosis, estimated as extracellular volume (ECV), and EAT were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 163 subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We also evaluated cardiac structure and diastolic and systolic function by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. After 24 months' follow-up, 39 (24%) subjects had experienced cardiovascular events, including hospitalization for heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiovascular death. Median EAT and mean ECV were significantly higher in subjects with cardiovascular events than survivors (EAT, 35 [25-45] versus 31 [21-38], P=0.006 and ECV, 28.9±3.16% versus 27.2±3.56%, P=0.04). Subjects with high EAT (≥42 g) had increased risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 2.528 [95% CI, 1.704-4.981]; P=0.032). High ECV (>29%) was also significantly associated with poorer outcomes (HR, 1.647 [95% CI, 1.263-2.548]; P=0.013). With respect to secondary end points, high EAT and high ECV were associated with increased risk of the incident acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.982 [95% CI, 1.008-4.123]; P=0.049) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 1.789 [95% CI, 1.102-6.987]; P=0.033), respectively. Conclusions Our study suggested that increased epicardial fat and ECV detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have an impact on cardiovascular prognosis, in particular acute coronary syndrome and hospitalization for heart failure, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Tse Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Kuo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Kuan‐Chih Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Cho‐Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jen‐Kuang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chen‐Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mao‐Yuan M. Su
- Department of Medical ImagingNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Juey‐Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chih Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Lian‐Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Thanh Tam LT, Jähne J, Luong PT, Phuong Thao LT, Nhat LM, Blumenscheit C, Schneider A, Blom J, Kim Chung LT, Anh Minh PL, Thanh HM, Hoat TX, Hoat PC, Son TC, Weinmann M, Herfort S, Vater J, Van Liem N, Schweder T, Lasch P, Borriss R. Two plant-associated Bacillus velezensis strains selected after genome analysis, metabolite profiling, and with proved biocontrol potential, were enhancing harvest yield of coffee and black pepper in large field trials. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1194887. [PMID: 37426979 PMCID: PMC10327441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of chemically synthesized pesticides, such as fungicides and nematicides, in agricultural products is a key to successful practice of the Vietnamese agriculture. We describe here the route for developing successful biostimulants based on members of the Bacillus subtilis species complex. A number of endospore-forming Gram-positive bacterial strains with antagonistic action against plant pathogens were isolated from Vietnamese crop plants. Based on their draft genome sequence, thirty of them were assigned to the Bacillus subtilis species complex. Most of them were assigned to the species Bacillus velezensis. Whole genome sequencing of strains BT2.4 and BP1.2A corroborated their close relatedness to B. velezensis FZB42, the model strain for Gram-positive plant growth-promoting bacteria. Genome mining revealed that at least 15 natural product biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) are well conserved in all B. velezensis strains. In total, 36 different BGCs were identified in the genomes of the strains representing B. velezensis, B. subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, and Bacillus. altitudinis. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the potential of the B. velezensis strains to enhance plant growth and to suppress phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. Due to their promising potential to stimulate plant growth and to support plant health, the B. velezensis strains TL7 and S1 were selected as starting material for the development of novel biostimulants, and biocontrol agents efficient in protecting the important Vietnamese crop plants black pepper and coffee against phytopathogens. The results of the large-scale field trials performed in the Central Highlands in Vietnam corroborated that TL7 and S1 are efficient in stimulating plant growth and protecting plant health in large-scale applications. It was shown that treatment with both bioformulations resulted in prevention of the pathogenic pressure exerted by nematodes, fungi, and oomycetes, and increased harvest yield in coffee, and pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Tam
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jennifer Jähne
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pham Thi Luong
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Mai Nhat
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Blumenscheit
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy Schneider
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Le Thi Kim Chung
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Le Anh Minh
- Department of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Minh Thanh
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Xuan Hoat
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cong Hoat
- Department of Science and Technology for Economic Technical Branches, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Cao Son
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology and Allergens, National Institute for Food Control (NIFC), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Markus Weinmann
- Ernährungsphysiologie Der Kulturpflanzen, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herfort
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Vater
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nguyen Van Liem
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), Greifswald, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Li S, Wu X, Li N, Cao G, Wang J, Chen Y, Li S, He J, Wu J, Yang H, Lin K, Qiu C, Liu A, Zhou H, Adrian F, Schweizer L, Zhang W, Gu J, Zhang J. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody HFB30132A after single dose intravenous administration in healthy Chinese subjects: a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117293. [PMID: 37332355 PMCID: PMC10269516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) still protracts worldwide. HFB30132A is an anti- SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody purposely engineered for an extended half-life with neutralizing activity against majority of the virus variants identified so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity of HFB30132A in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose clinical trial was designed. Twenty subjects were enrolled to Cohort 1 (1,000 mg dose level, 10 subjects) or Cohort 2 (2,000 mg dose level, 10 subjects). Subjects in each cohort were assigned randomly to receive a single intravenous (IV) dose of HFB30132A or placebo at a ratio of 8:2. Safety was assessed in terms of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, physical examination, laboratory tests, and ECG findings. PK parameters were measured and calculated appropriately. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) test was performed to detect anti-HFB30132A antibodies. Results: All subjects completed the study. Overall, 13 (65%) of the 20 subjects experienced TEAEs. The most common TEAEs were laboratory abnormalities (12 subjects [60%]), gastrointestinal disorders (6 subjects [30%]), and dizziness (4 subjects [20%]). All TEAEs were Grade 1 or Grade 2 in severity based on the criteria of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Serum exposure (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞) of HFB30132A increased with ascending dose. After single dose of 1,000 mg and 2000 mg HFB30132A, the mean Cmax was 570.18 μg/mL and 898.65 μg/mL, the mean AUC0-t value was 644,749.42 h*μg/mL and 1,046,209.06 h*μg/mL, and the mean AUC0-∞ value was 806,127.47 h*μg/mL and 1,299,190.74 h*μg/mL, respectively. HFB30132A showed low clearance ranging from 1.38 to 1.59 mL/h, and a long terminal elimination half-life (t½) of 89-107 days. ADA test did not detect any anti-HFB30132A antibodies Conclusion: HFB30132A was safe and generally well-tolerated after single IV dose of 1,000 mg or 2000 mg in healthy Chinese adults. HFB30132A did not induce immunogenic response in this study. Our data support further clinical development of HFB30132A. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT05275660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanyang Li
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Size Li
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjie He
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Wu
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijing Yang
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Liu
- HiFiBiO (Hang Zhou) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhou
- HiFiBiO (Hang Zhou) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Jingwen Gu
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Yan Y, Lu A, Dou Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhai L, Ai L, Du M, Jiang L, Zhu Y, Shi Y, Liu X, Jiang D, Wang J. Nanomedicines Reprogram Synovial Macrophages by Scavenging Nitric Oxide and Silencing CA9 in Progressive Osteoarthritis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207490. [PMID: 36748885 PMCID: PMC10104675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage destruction, and its progression is closely related to imbalances in the M1/M2 synovial macrophages. A two-pronged strategy for the regulation of intracellular/extracellular nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen protons for reprogramming M1/M2 synovial macrophages is proposed. The combination of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) siRNA and NO scavenger in "two-in-one" nanocarriers (NAHA-CaP/siRNA nanoparticles) is developed for progressive OA therapy by scavenging NO and inhibiting CA9 expression in synovial macrophages. In vitro experiments demonstrate that these NPs can significantly scavenge intracellular NO similar to the levels as those in the normal group and downregulate the expression levels of CA9 mRNA (≈90%), thereby repolarizing the M1 macrophages into the M2 phenotype and increasing the expression levels of pro-chondrogenic TGF-β1 mRNA (≈1.3-fold), and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that the NPs have great anti-inflammation, cartilage protection and repair effects, thereby effectively alleviating OA progression in both monoiodoacetic acid-induced early and late OA mouse models and a surgical destabilization of medial meniscus-induced OA rat model. Therefore, the siCA9 and NO scavenger "two-in-one" delivery system is a potential and efficient strategy for progressive OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Yun Dou
- Department of Sports MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Sports MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Xiang‐Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Lin Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Li‐Ya Ai
- Department of Sports MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Ming‐Ze Du
- Department of Sports MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Lin‐Xia Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan‐Jun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Yu‐Jie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Sports MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Jian‐Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- Laboratory of Innovative Formulations and Pharmaceutical ExcipientsNingbo Institute of Marine MedicinePeking UniversityBeijing315832China
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19
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Chiang C, Wu C. Large-Area Perovskite Film Prepared by New FFASE Method for Stable Solar Modules Having High Efficiency under Both Outdoor and Indoor Light Harvesting. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205967. [PMID: 36646511 PMCID: PMC9982567 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-quality perovskite film is deposited on a 30 cm × 40 cm LiCoO2 -coated ITO/glass via newly developed freely falling anti-solvent extraction (FFASE) method followed by post watervapor annealing in an ambient atmosphere. Perovskite solar modules (PSMs, active area of 25.2 cm2 with mask) based on this high-quality film achieve the highest efficiency of 16.04 and 30.76% under 1 sun (100 mW cm-2 ) and 945 lux fluorescent light illumination, respectively. The encapsulated PSMs are stable at -20 to 80 °C thermal cycling and keep high efficiency at temperature as low as -20 °C and as high as 80 °C. When the encapsulated PSM is heated at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity under room lighting or heated at 60 °C under AM1.5 (100 mW cm-2 ) illumination for 1000 h, loses only ≈8% of its original efficiency. The high stability of PSMs is due to very high quality perovskite absorber being used. The underlying concept of the FFASE method for extracting the solvent from the large-area perovskite precursor film is that the whole precursor film contacts with the fresh anti-solvent during the crystallization stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐Hung Chiang
- Research Center for New Generation PhotovoltaicsNational Central UniversityROCJhong‐Li32001Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Guey Wu
- Research Center for New Generation PhotovoltaicsNational Central UniversityROCJhong‐Li32001Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central UniversityROCJhong‐Li32001Taiwan
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20
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Hou A, Huang C, Tsai C, Huang C, Schierholz R, Lo H, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel R, Chang J, Wu W. All-Solid-State Garnet-Based Lithium Batteries at Work-In Operando TEM Investigations of Delithiation/Lithiation Process and Capacity Degradation Mechanism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205012. [PMID: 36529956 PMCID: PMC9929109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO)-based all-solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) are very attractive next-generation energy storage devices owing to their potential for achieving enhanced safety and improved energy density. However, the rigid nature of the ceramics challenges the SSLB fabrication and the afterward interfacial stability during electrochemical cycling. Here, a promising LLZO-based SSLB with a high areal capacity and stable cycle performance over 100 cycles is demonstrated. In operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used for successfully demonstrating and investigating the delithiation/lithiation process and understanding the capacity degradation mechanism of the SSLB on an atomic scale. Other than the interfacial delamination between LLZO and LiCoO2 (LCO) owing to the stress evolvement during electrochemical cycling, oxygen deficiency of LCO not only causes microcrack formation in LCO but also partially decomposes LCO into metallic Co and is suggested to contribute to the capacity degradation based on the atomic-scale insights. When discharging the SSLB to a voltage of ≈1.2 versus Li/Li+ , severe capacity fading from the irreversible decomposition of LCO into metallic Co and Li2 O is observed under in operando TEM. These observations reveal the capacity degradation mechanisms of the LLZO-based SSLB, which provides important information for future LLZO-based SSLB developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Yuan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Long Tsai
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Chun‐Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFeng Chia UniversityNo. 100, Wenhwa RdSeatwenTaichung40724Taiwan
| | - Roland Schierholz
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hung‐Yang Lo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Rüdiger‐A. Eichel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher– und wandlerRWTH Aachen UniversityD‐52074AachenGermany
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK–12: Helmholtz–Institute MünsterIonics in Energy Storage)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Jeng‐Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano‐system Technology ResearchHsinchu30078Taiwan
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21
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Huang K, Chiang Y, Huang T, Chen H, Lin P, Ali M, Hsia S. Capsaicin alleviates cisplatin-induced muscle loss and atrophy in vitro and in vivo. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:182-197. [PMID: 36401337 PMCID: PMC9891949 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug with subsequent adverse effects on different organs and tissues including skeletal muscle loss and atrophy as the most common clinical symptoms. The molecular mechanism of cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy is not clearly understood. However, recent significant advances indicate that it is related to an imbalance in both the protein status and apoptosis. Capsaicin (CAP) is one of the major ingredients in chilli peppers. It is a valuable pharmacological agent with several therapeutic applications in controlling pain and inflammation with particular therapeutic potential in muscle atrophy. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against cisplatin-induced muscle loss and atrophy remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate capsaicin's beneficial effects on cisplatin-induced muscle loss and atrophy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The anti-muscle-atrophic effect of capsaicin on cisplatin-induced muscle loss was investigated using in vivo and in vitro studies. By using the pretreatment model, pretreated capsaicin for 24 h and treated with cisplatin for 48 h, we utilized a C2 C12 myotube formation model where cell viability analysis, immunofluorescence, and protein expression were measured to investigate the effect of capsaicin in hampering cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. C57BL/6 mice were administered capsaicin (10, 40 mg/kg BW) as a pretreatment for 5 weeks and cisplatin (3 mg/kg BW) for seven consecutively days to assess muscle atrophy in an animal model for protein and oxidative stress examination, and the grip strength was tested to evaluate the muscle strength. RESULTS Our study results indicated that cisplatin caused lower cell viability and showed a subset of hallmark signs typically recognized during atrophy, including severe reduction in the myotube diameter, repression of Akt, and mTOR protein expression. However, pretreatment with capsaicin could ameliorate cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy by up-regulating the protein synthesis in skeletal muscle as well as down-regulating the markers of protein degradation. Additionally, capsaicin was able to downregulate the protein expression of apoptosis-related markers, activated TRPV1 and autophagy progress modulation and the recovery of lysosome function. In vivo, capsaicin could relieve oxidative stress and cytokine secretion while modulating autophagy-related lysosome fusion, improving grip strength, and alleviating cisplatin-induced body weight loss and gastrocnemius atrophy. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that capsaicin can restore cisplatin-induced imbalance between protein synthesis and protein degradation pathways and it may have protective effects against cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko‐Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsui‐Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Po‐Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cancer Progression Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of PharmacyAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Shih‐Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Food and Safety, College of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Nutrition Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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22
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Shi S, Xie L, Ma S, Xu B, An H, Ye S, Wang Y. Computational and experimental studies of salvianolic acid A targets 3C protease to inhibit enterovirus 71 infection. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1118584. [PMID: 36937869 PMCID: PMC10017496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1118584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by enterovirus (EV) infection. EV71 is one of the major pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease and is more likely to cause exacerbation and death than other enteroviruses. Although a monovalent vaccine for EV71 has been developed, there are no clinically available anti-EV71 specific drugs. Here, we performed virtual screening and biological experiments based on the traditional Chinese medicine monomer library. We identified a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, Salvianolic acid A (SA), a polyphenolic compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Salvianolic acid A inhibits EV71 virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner, and its antiviral activity is higher than that of other reported natural polyphenols and has a high biosafety. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that salvianolic acid A can anchor to E71, a member of the enzyme catalytic triad, and cause H40 to move away from the catalytic center. Meanwhile, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MMGBSA) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) results showed that the P1 group of SA was most easily unbound to the S1 pocket of 3Cpro, which provided theoretical support to further improve the affinity of salvianolic acid A with 3Cpro. These findings suggest that salvianolic acid A is a novel EV71 3Cpro inhibitor with excellent antiviral activity and is a promising candidate for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Ye, ; Yaxin Wang,
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Ye, ; Yaxin Wang,
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23
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Lai Y, Zheng J, Lu S, Wang Y, Duan C, Yu P, Zheng Y, Huang R, Chang L, Chu M, Hsu J, Chu Y. Antiferroelectric PbSnO 3 Epitaxial Thin Films. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203863. [PMID: 36285684 PMCID: PMC9762279 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In condensed matter physics, oxide materials show various intriguing physical properties. Therefore, many efforts are made in this field to develop functional oxides. Due to the excellent potential for tin-based perovskite oxides, an expansion of new related functional compounds is crucial. This work uses a heteroepitaxial approach supported by theoretical calculation to stabilize PbSnO3 thin films with different orientations. The analyses of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy unveil the structural information. A typical antiferroelectric feature with double hysteresis and butterfly loops is observed through electrical characterizations consistent with the theoretical prediction. The phase transition is monitored, and the transition temperatures are determined based on temperature-dependent structural and electrical characterizations. Furthermore, the microscopic antiferroelectric order is noticed under atomic resolution images via scanning transmission electron microscopy. This work offers a breakthrough in synthesizing epitaxial PbSnO3 thin films and comprehensively understanding its anisotropic antiferroelectric behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hong Lai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Jun‐Ding Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationDepartment of ElectronicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Si‐Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yin‐Kuo Wang
- Center for General EducationNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei10610Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Gang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationDepartment of ElectronicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yun‐Zhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationDepartment of ElectronicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationDepartment of ElectronicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Wen Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences and Center of Atomic Initiative for New MaterialsNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Ju‐Hung Hsu
- Integrated Service TechnologyHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter ScienceNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
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24
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Chen W, Huang W, Pather SR, Chang W, Sung L, Wu H, Liao M, Lee C, Wu H, Wu C, Liao K, Lin C, Yang S, Lin H, Lai P, Ng C, Hu C, Chen I, Chuang C, Lai C, Lin P, Lee Y, Schuyler SC, Schambach A, Lu FL, Lu J. Podocalyxin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Pluripotency through the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 10:e2205451. [PMID: 36373710 PMCID: PMC9811443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering signaling mechanisms critical for the extended pluripotent stem cell (EPSC) state and primed pluripotency is necessary for understanding embryonic development. Here, a membrane protein, podocalyxin-like protein 1 (PODXL) as being essential for extended and primed pluripotency, is identified. Alteration of PODXL expression levels affects self-renewal, protein expression of c-MYC and telomerase, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and EPSC colony formation. PODXL is the first membrane protein reported to regulate de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are more sensitive to cholesterol depletion than fibroblasts. The addition of exogenous cholesterol fully restores PODXL knockdown-mediated loss of pluripotency. PODXL affects lipid raft dynamics via the regulation of cholesterol. PODXL recruits the RAC1/CDC42/actin network to regulate SREBP1 and SREBP2 maturation and lipid raft dynamics. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PODXL overexpression enhanced chimerism between human cells in mouse host embryos (hEPSCs 57%). Interestingly, in the human-mouse chimeras, laminin and collagen signaling-related pathways are dominant in PODXL overexpressing cells. It is concluded that cholesterol regulation via PODXL signaling is critical for ESC/EPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ju Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramCollege of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Kai Huang
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sarshan R. Pather
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Wei‐Fang Chang
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Li‐Ying Sung
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Animal Resource CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Han‐Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)Academia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Ying Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Chiu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Hsuan‐Hui Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Yi Wu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Yu Lin
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan Lin
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Lun Lai
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Hou Ng
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Mei Hu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - I‐Chih Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | | | - Chien‐Ying Lai
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Po‐Yu Lin
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yueh‐Chang Lee
- Department of OphthalmologyHualien Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationHualien97004Taiwan
| | - Scott C. Schuyler
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityDivision of Head and Neck SurgeryDepartment of OtolaryngologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan33302Taiwan
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental HematologyHannover Medical School30625HannoverGermany
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical CollegeTaipei10051Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramCollege of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- National RNAi Platform/ National Core Facility Program for BiotechnologyTaipei11529Taiwan
- Department of Life ScienceTzu Chi UniversityHualien97004Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei11490Taiwan
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25
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Lai YH, Wu TC, Tsai BY, Hung YP, Lin HJ, Tsai YS, Ko WC, Tsai PJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as the gatekeeper of tight junction in Clostridioides difficile infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:986457. [PMID: 36439832 PMCID: PMC9691888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.986457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a major causative pathogen of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis. Despite the use of vancomycin and fidaxomicin as standard drugs for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI), clinical relapse rates remain high. Therefore, new alternative therapeutics to treat CDI are urgently required. The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), is mainly expressed in the adipose tissue and modulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitization. Previous studies have shown that PPAR-γ is highly expressed in colonic tissues and regulates tight junction function in epithelial cells. However, the role of PPAR-γ in CDI pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of CDI and found that both expression levels of PPAR-γ and the tight junction protein, occludin, were decreased in colonic tissues. Furthermore, to investigate the role of PPAR-γ in CDI, we used PPAR-γ defective mice and found that intestinal permeability and bacterial dissemination in these mice were significantly higher than those in wild-type mice during CDI. Administration of the PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone, to activate PPAR-γ activity improved the phenotypes of CDI, including bodyweight loss, inflammation, and intestinal integrity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PPAR-γ is a potential therapeutic target in CDI, as it modulates colonic inflammation and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yang Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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He X, Wan Z, Jin N, Jin L, Zhang G, Lyu J, Liu Z, Luo S, Yu J. Enhancement of cucumber resistance under salt stress by 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactones. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1023178. [PMID: 36438149 PMCID: PMC9682097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactone (EBR) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, MAPK cascade and key genes of SOS signaling pathway of cucumber seedlings under salt stress using cucumber "Xinchun 4" as the test material. The experiment was set up with four treatments: foliar spraying of distilled water (CK), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl (NaCl), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 0.02 μmol.L-1 EBR (EBR+NaCl), and 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 24 μmol.L-1 Brassinazole (BRZ) (BRZ+NaCl). The results showed that EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased plant height, above-ground fresh weight, total root length, total root surface area, average rhizome and photosynthetic pigment content compared to NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, compared with NaCl treatment, EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (SOD, CAT and APX) activities, significantly promoted the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugars and proline), and thus effectively reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity of cucumber leaves. Exogenous spraying of EBR also significantly reduced Na+/K+ under NaCl stress, effectively alleviating the toxic effects of Na+ ions. In addition, exogenous EBR induced the up-regulated expression of CsMAPK3, CsMAPK4, CsMAPK6 and CsMAPK9 genes in the MAPK cascade signaling pathway and CsSOS1, CsSOS2 and CsSOS3 genes in the SOS signaling pathway to enhance salt tolerance in cucumber under NaCl stress. Therefore, exogenous spraying EBR may effectively reduce the damage of salt stress on cucumber seedlings by improving antioxidant capacity, maintaining ion homeostasis and activating salt-tolerant related signaling pathways, which might promote the growth of cucumber seedlings and the establishment of root system morphology. This study provides a reference for EBR to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxia He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Chen Y, Lu Y, Wu W, Lin Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Chen Y. Advanced glycation end products modulate electrophysiological remodeling of right ventricular outflow tract cardiomyocytes: A novel target for diabetes-related ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15499. [PMID: 36325589 PMCID: PMC9630757 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiac arrhythmia. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products closely correlates with cardiovascular complications through mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress and evoke proliferative, inflammatory, and fibrotic reactions, which might impair cardiac electrophysiological characteristics and increase the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. This study examined the mechanisms how advanced glycation end products may contribute to arrhythmogenesis of right ventricular outflow tract-a unique arrhythmogenic substrate. A whole-cell patch clamp, conventional electrophysiological study, fluorescence imaging, Western blot, and confocal microscope were used to study the electrical activity, and Ca2+ homeostasis or signaling in isolated right ventricular outflow tract myocytes with and without advanced glycation end products (100 μg/ml). The advanced glycation end products treated right ventricular outflow tract myocytes had a similar action potential duration as the controls, but exhibited a lower L-type Ca2+ current, higher late sodium current and transient outward current. Moreover, the advanced glycation end products treated right ventricular outflow tract myocytes had more intracellular Na+ , reverse mode Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger currents, intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and less intracellular Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content with upregulated calcium homeostasis proteins and advanced glycation end products related signaling pathway proteins. In conclusions, advanced glycation end products modulate right ventricular outflow tract electrophysiological characteristics with larger late sodium current, intracellular Na+ , reverse mode Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger currents, and disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis through increased oxidative stress mediated by the activation of the advanced glycation end products signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Lu
- Division of CardiologySijhih Cathay General HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Shiann Wu
- Department of CardiologyChi‐Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Kuo Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ann Chen
- Division of CardiologySijhih Cathay General HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Division of NephrologySijhih Cathay General HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Ann Chen
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jen Chen
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cardiovascular Research CenterWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Wang J, Hu Z, Liao X, Wang Z, Li W, Zhang P, Cheng H, Wang Q, Bhat JA, Wang H, Liu B, Zhang H, Huang F, Yu D. Whole-genome resequencing reveals signature of local adaptation and divergence in wild soybean. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1820-1833. [PMID: 36426120 PMCID: PMC9679240 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change has threatened world crop production and food security. Decoding the adaptive genetic basis of wild relatives provides an invaluable genomic resource for climate-smart crop breedinG. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 185 diverse wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions collected from three major agro-ecological zones in China to parse the genomic basis of local adaptation in wild soybean. The population genomic diversity pattern exhibited clear agro-ecological zone-based population structure, and multiple environmental factors were observed to contribute to the genetic divergence. Demographic analysis shows that wild soybeans from the three ecological zones diverged about 1 × 105 years ago, and then the effective population sizes have undergone different degrees of expansions. Genome-environment association identified multiple genes involved in the local adaptation, such as flowering time and temperature-related genes. A locus containing two adjacent MADS-box transcription factors on chromosome 19 was identified for multiple environmental factors, and it experienced positive selection that enables the adaptation to high-latitude environment. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism of ecological adaptation in wild soybean that may facilitate climate-resilient soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of BiologySaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Xiliang Liao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Li
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceHarbinChina
| | - Peipei Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjingChina
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Fang Huang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shen S, Tian F, Yan G, Gao Y, Qin X. Identification of serum glycobiomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using lectin microarrays. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973993. [PMID: 36341438 PMCID: PMC9634732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and ranks third in mortality among all malignant tumors; as a result, HCC represents a major human health issue. Although aberrant glycosylation is clearly implicated in HCC, changes in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM glycosylation have not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, we used lectin microarrays to evaluate differences in serum IgG and IgM glycosylation among patients with HCC, hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBC), or chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and healthy normal controls (NC) and aimed to establish a model to improve the diagnostic accuracy of HCC. Methods In total, 207 serum samples collected in 2019–2020 were used for lectin microarray analyses, including 97 cases of HCC, 50 cases of HBC, 30 cases of CHB, and 30 cases of NC. Samples were randomly divided into training and validation groups at a 2:1 ratio. Training group data were used to investigate the diagnostic value of the relative signal intensity for the lectin probe combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The efficacy of models for HCC diagnosis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In terms of IgG, a model combining three lectins and AFP had good diagnostic accuracy for HCC. The area under the ROC curve was 0.96 (P < 0.05), the sensitivity was 82.54%, and the specificity was 100%. In terms of IgM, a model including one lectin combined with AFP had an area under the curve of 0.90 (P < 0.05), sensitivity of 75.41%, and specificity of 100%. Conclusion Estimation of serum IgG and IgM glycosylation could act as complementary techniques to improve diagnosis and shed light on the occurrence and development of the HCC
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunli Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huludao Central Hospital, Huludao, China
| | - Fangfang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuxin Central Hospital, Fuxin, China
| | - Gaobo Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Yongqing Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosong Qin,
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30
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Li J, Ling F, Guo D, Zhao J, Cheng L, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhu L. The efficacy of mesalazine on nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers: A randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989654. [PMID: 36210809 PMCID: PMC9538960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers are one of the common ulcerative diseases in terminal ileum. However, the studies about treatment efficacy are scarce. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of mesalazine in the treatment of this disease. Methods: Eighty-two patients with nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers who sought outpatient medical treatment in the Division of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Union Hospital, from April 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group took mesalazine orally, 4.0 g/d, once a day for 3 months. The control group was followed up without special intervention. The primary endpoint was the endoscopic remission rate at the 6th and 12th month. Secondary endpoints included the clinical remission rate at the 1st, 6th and 12th month and adverse events (ChiCTR1900027503). Results: About the endoscopic efficacy, the remission rate of the experimental group and control group was 73.2 versus 61.0% at the 6th month (RR = 1.20, 95%CI 0.88∼1.63, p = 0.24) and 87.8 versus 78.0% at the 12th month (RR = 1.13, 95%CI 0.92∼1.37, p = 0.24). About the clinical efficacy, the remission rate was 70.3 versus 43.8% at the 1st month (RR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.03∼2.51, p = 0.03), 83.8 versus 68.8% at the 6th month (RR = 1.22, 95%CI 0.93∼1.60, p = 0.14) and 91.9 versus 81.3% at the 12th month (RR = 1.13, 95%CI 0.93∼1.37, p = 0.34). During follow-up, no patients were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease or intestinal tuberculosis, and no patients developed significant complications. Conclusion: For patients with nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers, there is no disease progression over a short term. In addition, there is no significant difference in clinical or endoscopic efficacy between patients who received mesalazine and patients who are followed up without special intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangmei Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfang Zhao
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan, China
| | - Yidong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liangru Zhu,
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Moser N, Yu LS, Rodriguez Manzano J, Malpartida-Cardenas K, Au A, Arkell P, Cicatiello C, Moniri A, Miglietta L, Wang WH, Wang SF, Holmes A, Chen YH, Georgiou P. Quantitative detection of dengue serotypes using a smartphone-connected handheld lab-on-chip platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:892853. [PMID: 36185458 PMCID: PMC9521504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.892853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Rapid, accurate and scalable diagnostics are key to patient management and epidemiological surveillance of the dengue virus (DENV), however current technologies do not match required clinical sensitivity and specificity or rely on large laboratory equipment. In this work, we report the translation of our smartphone-connected handheld Lab-on-Chip (LoC) platform for the quantitative detection of two dengue serotypes. At its core, the approach relies on the combination of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) microchip technology to integrate an array of 78 × 56 potentiometric sensors, and a label-free reverse-transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay. The platform communicates to a smartphone app which synchronises results in real time with a secure cloud server hosted by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for epidemiological surveillance. The assay on our LoC platform (RT-eLAMP) was shown to match performance on a gold-standard fluorescence-based real-time instrument (RT-qLAMP) with synthetic DENV-1 and DENV-2 RNA and extracted RNA from 9 DENV-2 clinical isolates, achieving quantitative detection in under 15 min. To validate the portability of the platform and the geo-tagging capabilities, we led our study in the laboratories at Imperial College London, UK, and Kaohsiung Medical Hospital, Taiwan. This approach carries high potential for application in low resource settings at the point of care (PoC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Moser
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Moser,
| | - Ling-Shan Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jesus Rodriguez Manzano
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anselm Au
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Arkell
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Cicatiello
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Moniri
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Miglietta
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alison Holmes
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Huang W, Lin Y, Wu V, Chen C, Siddique S, Chia Y, Tay JC, Sogunuru G, Cheng H, Kario K. Who should be screened for primary aldosteronism? A comprehensive review of current evidence. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:1194-1203. [PMID: 36196469 PMCID: PMC9532923 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) ranges from 5% to 10% in the general hypertensive population and is regarded as one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. There are two major causes of PA: bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and aldosterone-producing adenoma. The diagnosis of PA comprises screening, confirmatory testing, and subtype differentiation. The Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PA recommends screening of patients at an increased risk of PA. These categories include patients with stage 2 and 3 hypertension, drug-resistant hypertension, hypertensive with spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia, hypertension with adrenal incidentaloma, hypertensive with a family history of early onset hypertension or cerebrovascular accident at a young age, and all hypertensive first-degree relatives of patients with PA. Recently, several studies have linked PA with obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation unexplained by structural heart defects and/or other conditions known to cause the arrhythmia, which may be partly responsible for the higher rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents in patients with PA. The aim of this review is to discuss which patients should be screened for PA, focusing not only on well-established guidelines but also on additional groups of patients with a potentially higher prevalence of PA, as has been reported in recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chieh Huang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Hung Lin
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Vin‐Cent Wu
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chen‐Huan Chen
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Yook‐Chin Chia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Medical and Life SciencesSunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
- Department of Primary Care MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General MedicineTan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Guruprasad Sogunuru
- Department of CardiologyCollege of Medical SciencesKathmandu UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Hao‐Min Cheng
- Center for Evidence‐based MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program of Interdisciplinary Medicine (PIM)National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Public HealthNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Health and Welfare PolicyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
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Jen I, Wang K, Wu H. Aliovalent Dilute Doping and Nano-Moiré Fringe Advance the Structural Stability and Thermoelectric Performance in β-Zn 4Sb 3. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:2201802. [PMID: 36177250 PMCID: PMC9475506 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) generators have come a long way since the first commercial apparatus launched in the 1950s. Since then, the β-Zn4Sb3 has manifested its potential as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly TE generator compared with the tellurium-bearing TE materials. Although the β-Zn4Sb3 features an intrinsically low thermal conductivity κ, it suffers from a long-lasting structural instability issue arising from the highly mobile zinc ions. Herein, the dilute Ga dopant gives rise to the aliovalent substitution, lowers the mobile zinc ions, and optimizes the hole carrier concentration n H simultaneously. Meanwhile, the formation of nano-moiré fringes suggests the modulated distribution of point defect that results from soluble Ga in a β-Zn4Sb3 lattice, which elicits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity κ L = 0.2 W m-1 K-1 in a (Zn0.992Ga0.008)4Sb3 alloy. Hence, a fully dense β-Zn4Sb3 incorporated with the dilute Ga doping reveals superior structural stability with a peak zT > 1.4 at 623 K. In this work, the aliovalent dilute doping coupled with phase diagram engineering optimizes the fluxes of moving electrons and charged ions, which stabilizes the single-phase β-Zn4Sb3 while boosting the TE performance at the mid-temperature region. The synergistic strategies endow the ionic crystals with a thermodynamic route, which opens up a new category for high-performance and thermal robust TE alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Lun Jen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Kuo Wang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic ScienceNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiung80424Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Jay Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
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Lee SK, Chiang MS, Hseu ZY, Kuo CH, Liu CT. A photosynthetic bacterial inoculant exerts beneficial effects on the yield and quality of tomato and affects bacterial community structure in an organic field. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959080. [PMID: 36118214 PMCID: PMC9479686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microorganisms that promote plant health and play a critical role in sustainable agriculture. As a PGPR, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain PS3, when applied as a microbial inoculant, exhibited beneficial effects on a variety of crops. In this study, we investigated the effects of PS3 on tomato growth, soil properties, and soil microbiota composition in an organic field. The results demonstrated that PS3 inoculation significantly improved the yield of marketable tomato fruit (37%) and the postharvest quality (e.g., sweetness, taste, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, and lycopene). Additionally, soil nutrient availability (35–56%) and enzymatic activities (13–62%) also increased. We detected that approximately 107 CFU/g soil of R. palustris survived in the PS3-treated soil after harvest. Furthermore, several bacterial genera known to be associated with nutrient cycling (e.g., Dyella, Novosphingobium, Luteimonas, Haliangium, and Thermomonas) had higher relative abundances (log2 fold change >2.0). To validate the results of the field experiment, we further conducted pot experiments with field-collected soil using two different tomato cultivars and obtained consistent results. Notably, the relative abundance of putative PGPRs in the genus Haliangium increased with PS3 inoculation in both cultivars (1.5 and 34.2%, respectively), suggesting that this genus may have synergistic interactions with PS3. Taken together, we further demonstrated the value of PS3 in sustainable agriculture and provided novel knowledge regarding the effects of this PGPR on soil microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kuan Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shu Chiang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Horng Kuo,
| | - Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chi-Te Liu,
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Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. Effectiveness of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation for Reducing Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883251. [PMID: 36091835 PMCID: PMC9449413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a popular nutritional supplement, an antioxidant and an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Several clinical studies have suggested that fatigue can be reduced by antioxidant supplementation. However, the data on this topic has been sparse to date. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of fatigue reduction via CoQ10 supplementation. More specifically, we searched electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the database inception to January 2022. A random effects model was implemented to conduct the meta-analysis among 13 RCTs (with a total of 1,126 participants). As compared with the placebo groups evaluated in each RCT, the CoQ10 group showed a statistically significant reduction in fatigue scores (Hedges’ g = −0.398, 95% confidence interval = −0.641 to −0.155, p = 0.001). The directions of the treatment effects were consistent between the healthy and diseased participants. Compared with the placebo group, the effect of reducing fatigue was statistically significant in the subgroup using the CoQ10-only formulation but not in the subgroup using CoQ10 compounds. The results of our meta-regression demonstrate that increases in the daily dose (coefficient = −0.0017 per mg, p < 0.001) and treatment duration (coefficient = −0.0042 per day, p = 0.007) of CoQ10 supplementation were correlated with greater fatigue reduction. There was only one adverse (gastrointestinal) event in the 602 participants who underwent the CoQ10 intervention. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, we conclude that CoQ10 is an effective and safe supplement for reducing fatigue symptoms. Systematic Review Registration:https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-1-0113/, identifier INPLASY202210113
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Congenital Heart Disease Study Group, Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging, Seoul, Korea
- InnovaRad Inc., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ke-Vin Chang,
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Zhang H, Huang T, Ren X, Fang X, Chen X, Wei H, Sun W, Wang Y. Integrated pan-cancer analysis of CSMD2 as a potential prognostic, diagnostic, and immune biomarker. Front Genet 2022; 13:918486. [PMID: 36061177 PMCID: PMC9428318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 2 (CSMD2) is likely involved in regulating the complement cascade reaction of the immune system. However, current scientific evidence on the comprehensive roles of CSMD2 in pan-cancer is relatively scarce. Therefore, in this study, we explored the transcriptional level of CSMD2 in pan-caner using TCGA, GEO, and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of CSMD2. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Oncolnc were used to investigate the correlation between CSMD2 expression and prognosis. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between epigenetic methylation and CSMD2 expression in various cancers based on UALCAN, as well as, the correlation between CSMD2 and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) in tumors. TIMER2.0 database was employed to investigate the correlation between CSMD2 and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoints. Based on TISIDB, the correlation between CSMD2 and MHC molecules and immunostimulators was analyzed. Ultimately, we observed with a pan-cancer analysis that CSMD2 was upregulated in most tumors and had moderate to high diagnostic efficiency, and that high expression was closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with tumors. Moreover, hypermethylation of CSMD2 promoter and high levels of m6A methylation regulators were also observed in most cancers. CSMD2 expression was negatively correlated with TMB and MSI in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and stomach and esophageal carcinoma (STES), as well as with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and TNB in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). In most cancers, CSMD2 might be associated with immune evasion or immunosuppression, as deficient anti-tumor immunity and upregulation of immune checkpoints were also observed in this study. In conclusion, CSMD2 could serve as a promising prognostic, diagnostic and immune biomarker in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taobi Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangqing Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xidong Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Wang,
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37
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Cui B, Hou X, Liu M, Li Q, Yu C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhuang S, Liu F. Pharmacological inhibition of SMYD2 protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829630. [PMID: 36046818 PMCID: PMC9421052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase SET and MYND domain protein 2 (SMYD2) has been implicated in tumorigenesis through methylating histone H3 at lysine36 (H3K36) and some non-histone substrates. Currently, the role of SMYD2 in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of AZ505, a highly selective inhibitor of SMYD2, on the development of AKI and the mechanisms involved in a murine model of cisplatin-induced AKI. SMYD2 and trimethylated histone H3K36 (H3K36Me3) were highly expressed in the kidney following cisplatin treatment; administration of AZ505 remarkedly inhibited their expression, along with improving kidney function and ameliorating kidney damage. AZ505 also attenuated kidney tubular cell injury and apoptosis as evidenced by diminished the expression of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule (Kim-1), reduced the number of TUNEL positive cells, decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in injured kidneys. Moreover, AZ505 inhibited cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of p53, a key driver of kidney cell apoptosis and reduced expression of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor. Meanwhile, AZ505 promoted expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, two markers of cell proliferation. Furthermore, AZ505 was effective in suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-κB, two transcriptional factors associated with kidney inflammation, attenuating the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and reducing infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages to the injured kidney. Finally, in cultured HK-2 cells, silencing of SMYD2 by specific siRNA inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells. Collectively, these results suggests that SMYD2 is a key determinant of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and targeting SMYD2 protects against cisplatin-induced AKI by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation and promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiying Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Shougang Zhuang, ; Feng Liu,
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shougang Zhuang, ; Feng Liu,
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Lee M, Chien Y, Teng P, Huang X, Lin Y, Lin T, Chou S, Chien C, Hsiao Y, Yang Y, Hsu W, Chiou S. Superrepellent Doubly Reentrant Geometry Promotes Antibiofouling and Prevention of Coronavirus Contamination. Adv Mater Technol 2022; 8:2200387. [PMID: 36247709 PMCID: PMC9538020 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fomite transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn attention because of its highly contagious nature. Therefore, surfaces that can prevent coronavirus contamination are an urgent and unmet need during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Conventional surfaces are usually based on superhydrophobic or antiviral coatings. However, these coatings may be dysfunctional because of biofouling, which is the undesired adhesion of biomolecules. A superhydrophobic surface independent of the material content and coating agents may serve the purpose of antibiofouling and preventing viral transmission. Doubly reentrant topology (DRT) is a unique structure that can meet the need. This study demonstrates that the DRT surfaces possess a striking antibiofouling effect that can prevent viral contamination. This effect still exists even if the DRT surface is made of a hydrophilic material such as silicon oxide and copper. To the best of our knowledge, this work first demonstrates that fomite transmission of viruses may be prevented by minimizing the contact area between pathogens and surfaces even made of hydrophilic materials. Furthermore, the DRT geometry per se features excellent antibiofouling ability, which may shed light on the applications of pathogen elimination in alleviating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Shiue Lee
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Pai‐Chi Teng
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- Department of Education and ResearchTaipei City Hospital Renai BranchTaipei10629Taiwan
| | - Xuan‐Yang Huang
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ying Lin
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Yi Lin
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Jie Chou
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Chian‐Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Jer Hsiao
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ping Yang
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
| | - Wensyang Hsu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei11217Taiwan
- College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYangming CampusTaipei11217Taiwan
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39
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Sulaiman JE, Long L, Qian PY, Lam H. Proteome profiling of evolved methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with distinct daptomycin tolerance and resistance phenotypes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970146. [PMID: 35992709 PMCID: PMC9386379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly dangerous pathogen, and daptomycin has been increasingly used to treat its infections in clinics. Recently, several groups have shown that tolerance and resistance of microbes can evolve rapidly under cyclic antibiotic exposure. We have previously shown that the same tolerance and resistance development occurs in MRSA treated with daptomycin in an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiment. In the present study, we performed proteomic analysis to compare six daptomycin-tolerant and resistant MRSA strains that were evolved from the same ancestral strain. The strain with a higher tolerance level than the others had the most different proteome and response to antibiotic treatment, resembling those observed in persister cells, which are small subpopulations of bacteria that survive lethal antibiotics treatment. By comparing the proteome changes across strains with similar phenotypes, we identified the key proteins that play important roles in daptomycin tolerance and resistance in MRSA. We selected two candidates to be confirmed by gene overexpression analysis. Overexpression of EcsA1 and FabG, which were up-regulated in all of the tolerant evolved strains, led to increased daptomycin tolerance in wild-type MRSA. The proteomics data also suggested that cell wall modulations were implicated in both resistance and tolerance, but in different ways. While the resistant strains had peptidoglycan changes and a more positive surface charge to directly repel daptomycin, the tolerant strains possessed different cell wall changes that do not involve the peptidoglycan nor alterations of the surface charge. Overall, our study showed the differential proteome profiles among multiple tolerant and resistant strains, pinpointed the key proteins for the two phenotypes and revealed the differences in cell wall modulations between the daptomycin-tolerant/resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Evan Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lexin Long
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Henry Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Henry Lam,
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40
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Wyzula J, Lu X, Santos‐Cottin D, Mukherjee DK, Mohelský I, Le Mardelé F, Novák J, Novak M, Sankar R, Krupko Y, Piot BA, Lee W, Akrap A, Potemski M, Goerbig MO, Orlita M. Lorentz-Boost-Driven Magneto-Optics in a Dirac Nodal-Line Semimetal. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105720. [PMID: 35713280 PMCID: PMC9376811 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical response of crystalline solids is to a large extent driven by excitations that promote electrons among individual bands. This allows one to apply optical and magneto-optical methods to determine experimentally the energy band gap -a fundamental property crucial to our understanding of any solid-with a great precision. Here it is shown that such conventional methods, applied with great success to many materials in the past, do not work in topological Dirac semimetals with a dispersive nodal line. There, the optically deduced band gap depends on how the magnetic field is oriented with respect to the crystal axes. Such highly unusual behavior is explained in terms of band-gap renormalization driven by Lorentz boosts which results from the Lorentz-covariant form of the Dirac Hamiltonian relevant for the nodal line at low energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wyzula
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
| | - Xin Lu
- Laboratoire de Physique des SolidesUniversité Paris SaclayCNRS UMR 8502Orsay Cedex91405France
| | - David Santos‐Cottin
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 3Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Dibya Kanti Mukherjee
- Laboratoire de Physique des SolidesUniversité Paris SaclayCNRS UMR 8502Orsay Cedex91405France
- Department of PhysicsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Ivan Mohelský
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
| | - Florian Le Mardelé
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 3Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Jiří Novák
- Department of Condensed Matter PhysicsMasaryk UniversityKotlářská 2611 37BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Mario Novak
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagreb10000Croatia
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yuriy Krupko
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
- Institut d'Electronique et des SystemesCNRS, UMR 5214, Université de MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Benjamin A. Piot
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
| | - Wei‐Li Lee
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Ana Akrap
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 3Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Marek Potemski
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
- Institute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of Warsawul. Pasteura 5Warszawa02‐093Poland
| | - Mark O. Goerbig
- Laboratoire de Physique des SolidesUniversité Paris SaclayCNRS UMR 8502Orsay Cedex91405France
| | - Milan Orlita
- LNCMI‐CNRS UPR3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse 3INSA ToulouseEMFL25 rue des Martyrs, BP166Grenoble Cedex 938042France
- Institute of PhysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 5121 16Prague 2Czech Republic
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Chen C, Yang S, Lin C, Lee M, Tsai M, Yang F, Chang Y, Li M, Lee K, Ueno K, Shi Y, Lien C, Wu W, Chiu P, Li W, Lo S, Lin Y. Reversible Charge-Polarity Control for Multioperation-Mode Transistors Based on van der Waals Heterostructures. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2106016. [PMID: 35831244 PMCID: PMC9404391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures-in which layered materials are purposely selected to assemble with each other-allow unusual properties and different phenomena to be combined and multifunctional electronics to be created, opening a new chapter for the spread of internet-of-things applications. Here, an O2 -ultrasensitive MoTe2 material and an O2 -insensitive SnS2 material are integrated to form a vdW heterostructure, allowing the realization of charge-polarity control for multioperation-mode transistors through a simple and effective rapid thermal annealing strategy under dry-air and vacuum conditions. The charge-polarity control (i.e., doping and de-doping processes), which arises owing to the interaction between O2 adsorption/desorption and tellurium defects at the MoTe2 surface, means that the MoTe2 /SnS2 heterostructure transistors can reversibly change between unipolar, ambipolar, and anti-ambipolar transfer characteristics. Based on the dynamic control of the charge-polarity properties, an inverter, output polarity controllable amplifier, p-n diode, and ternary-state logics (NMIN and NMAX gates) are demonstrated, which inspire the development of reversibly multifunctional devices and indicates the potential of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciao‐Fen Chen
- Department of Electrophysics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science (CEFMS)National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Hsien Yang
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Functional Devices and Systems (Guangdong Province)Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Che‐Yi Lin
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
| | - Mu‐Pai Lee
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Yu Tsai
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
- Institute of Electronics EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Feng‐Shou Yang
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
- Institute of Electronics EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Ming Chang
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
| | - Ko‐Chun Lee
- Institute of Electronics EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Keiji Ueno
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338–8570Japan
| | - Yumeng Shi
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Functional Devices and Systems (Guangdong Province)Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Chen‐Hsin Lien
- Institute of Electronics EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano‐system Technology ResearchNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Po‐Wen Chiu
- Institute of Electronics EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Wenwu Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterInstitute of OptoelectronicsDepartment of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Shun‐Tsung Lo
- Department of Electrophysics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science (CEFMS)National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Fu Lin
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Nanosciencei‐Center for Advanced Science and Technology (i‐CAST)National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
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42
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Shaul D, Grieb B, Lev‐Cohain N, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz‐Brull R. Accumulation of 3-aminopropylphosphonate in the ex vivo brain observed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR Biomed 2022; 35:e4721. [PMID: 35229366 PMCID: PMC9540894 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3-aminopropylphosphonate (3-APP) is known for its use as an exogenous indicator of extracellular volume and pH in phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31 P NMR) studies. We used 3-APP for estimating the extracellular volume in NMR studies of several ex vivo preparations including retrograde perfused mouse heart (n = 4), mouse liver slices (n = 2), xenograft breast cancer tumors (n = 7, MCF7), and rat brain slices (n = 4). In the former three preparations, the 3-APP signal was stable in lineshape and intensity for hours and the chemical shift of the signal in the presence of the biological sample was the same as in the perfusion medium without the biological sample. However, in studies of brain slices, the 3-APP signal appeared split into two, with an upfield component (0.7 ± 0.1 ppm to the left) increasing with time and showing a wider linewidth (66.7 ± 12.6 vs. 39.1 ± 7.6 Hz, the latter is of the perfusion medium signal). This finding suggests that 3-APP inadvertently accumulated in brain slices, most likely as a membrane bound form. This observation limits the use of 3-APP as an inert biochemical indicator in brain preparations and should be taken into account when using 3-APP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Benjamin Grieb
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie I (Weissenau), ZfP SuedwuerttembergUlm UniversityRavensburgGermany
| | - Naama Lev‐Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
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43
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Luo X, Patra J, Chuang W, Nguyen TX, Ting J, Li J, Pao C, Chang J. Charge-Discharge Mechanism of High-Entropy Co-Free Spinel Oxide Toward Li + Storage Examined Using Operando Quick-Scanning X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201219. [PMID: 35618569 PMCID: PMC9313486 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal high-entropy oxides (HEOs) are an attractive class of anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, owing to the multiple electroactive centers of HEOs, the Li+ storage mechanism is complex and debated in the literature. In this work, operando quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to study the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of the Cobalt-free spinel (CrMnFeNiCu)3 O4 HEO. A monochromator oscillation frequency of 2 Hz is used and 240 spectra are integrated to achieve a 2 min time resolution. High-photon-flux synchrotron radiation is employed to increase the XAS sensitivity. The results indicate that the Cu2+ and Ni2+ cations are reduced to their metallic states during lithiation but their oxidation reactions are less favorable compared to the other elements upon delithiation. The Mn2+/3+ and Fe2+/3+ cations undergo two-step conversion reactions to form metallic phases, with MnO and FeO as the intermediate species, respectively. During delithiation, the oxidation of Mn occurs prior to that of Fe. The Cr3+ cations are reduced to CrO and then Cr0 during lithiation. A relatively large overpotential is required to activate the Cr reoxidation reaction. The Cr3+ cations are found after delithiation. These results can guide the material design of HEOs for improving LIB performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Feng Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin‐Ann RoadHsinchu Science ParkHsinchu30076Taiwan
| | - Jagabandhu Patra
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University1001 University RoadHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green‐Energy Materials (Hi‐GEM) Research CenterNational Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin‐Ann RoadHsinchu Science ParkHsinchu30076Taiwan
| | - Thi Xuyen Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Ming Ting
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Chih‐Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin‐Ann RoadHsinchu Science ParkHsinchu30076Taiwan
| | - Jeng‐Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University1001 University RoadHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green‐Energy Materials (Hi‐GEM) Research CenterNational Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan70101Taiwan
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Niu J, Wu CF, Dou X, Lin KC. Designing Gestures of Robots in Specific Fields for Different Perceived Personality Traits. Front Psychol 2022; 13:876972. [PMID: 35814122 PMCID: PMC9261479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their development, social robots have been a popular topic of research, with numerous studies evaluating their functionality or task performance. In recent years, social robots have begun to be regarded as social actors at work, and their social attributes have been explored. Therefore, this study focused on four occupational fields (shopping reception, home companion, education, and security) where robots are widely used, exploring the influence of robot gestures on their perceived personality traits and comparing the gesture design guidelines required in specific occupational fields. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, an interactive script was developed; moreover, observation was employed to derive gestures related to the discourse on the fields of interest. The second stage involved robot experimentation based on human–robot interaction through video. Results show that metaphoric gestures appeared less frequently than did deictic, iconic, or beat gestures. Robots’ perceived personality traits were categorized into sociality, competence, and status. Introducing all types of gestures helped enhance perceived sociality. The addition of deictic, and iconic gestures significantly improved perceived competence and perceived status. Regarding the shopping reception robot, after the inclusion of basic deictic and iconic gestures, sufficient beats gestures should be implemented to create a friendly and outgoing demeanor, thereby promoting user acceptance. In the home companion, education, and security contexts, the addition of beat gestures did not affect the overall acceptance level; the designs should instead be focused on the integration of the other gesture types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- The Graduate Institute of Design Science, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fu Wu
- Department of Industrial Design, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Fu Wu,
| | - Xiao Dou
- The College of Fine Arts, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Chieh Lin
- Department of Industrial Design, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhou Y, Liao KS, Li ST, Wu CY. Facile and Scalable Route to Access Rare Deoxy Amino Sugars for Nonulosonic Acid Aldolase Biosynthesis. Front Chem 2022; 10:865026. [PMID: 35783215 PMCID: PMC9245050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.865026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We presented a facile and scalable route for the synthesis of di-azido sugars via one-pot double inversion of the mono-benzoyl sugars by TBAN3 and studied the dependency pattern between solvent and protecting groups as well as the configuration of the neighboring and leaving groups. Moreover, we developed a chemical synthetic strategy for pseudaminic acid precursors (11 steps in 49%). Furthermore, we discussed the configuration of nonulosonic acid precursors for specificity of PseI and PmNanA enzymatic synthesis, permitting us to synthesize new nonulosonic acid derivatives for accessing Pse isomers.
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Chen YH, Shen HL, Chou SJ, Sato Y, Cheng WH. Interference of Arabidopsis N-Acetylglucosamine-1-P Uridylyltransferase Expression Impairs Protein N-Glycosylation and Induces ABA-Mediated Salt Sensitivity During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:903272. [PMID: 35747876 PMCID: PMC9210984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is the fundamental amino sugar moiety that is essential for protein glycosylation. UDP-GlcNAc, an active form of GlcNAc, is synthesized through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Arabidopsis N-acetylglucosamine-1-P uridylyltransferases (GlcNAc1pUTs), encoded by GlcNA.UTs, catalyze the last step in the HBP pathway, but their biochemical and molecular functions are less clear. In this study, the GlcNA.UT1 expression was knocked down by the double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) in the glcna.ut2 null mutant background. The RNAi transgenic plants, which are referred to as iU1, displayed the reduced UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, altered protein N-glycosylation and induced an unfolded protein response under salt-stressed conditions. Moreover, the iU1 transgenic plants displayed sterility and salt hypersensitivity, including delay of both seed germination and early seedling establishment, which is associated with the induction of ABA biosynthesis and signaling. These salt hypersensitive phenotypes can be rescued by exogenous fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, and by introducing an ABA-deficient mutant allele nced3 into iU1 transgenic plants. Transcriptomic analyses further supported the upregulated genes that were involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling networks, and response to salt stress in iU1 plants. Collectively, these data indicated that GlcNAc1pUTs are essential for UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, fertility, and the response of plants to salt stress through ABA signaling pathways during seed germination and early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huei Chen
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Shen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Biology and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liao YC, Saengsawang B, Chen JW, Zhuo XZ, Li SY. Construction of an Antibiotic-Free Vector and its Application in the Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia Coli for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837944. [PMID: 35721860 PMCID: PMC9204107 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibiotic- and inducer-free culture condition was proposed for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in recombinant Escherichia coli. First, antibiotic-free vectors were constructed by installing the plasmid maintenance system, alp7, hok/sok, and the hok/sok and alp7 combination into the pUC19 vector. The plasmid stability test showed that pVEC02, the pUC19 vector containing the hok/sok system, was the most effective in achieving antibiotic-free cultivation in the E. coli B strain but not in the K strain. Second, the putative phaCAB operon derived from Caldimonas manganoxidans was inserted into pVEC02 to yield pPHB01 for PHB production in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The putative phaCAB operon was first shown function properly for PHB production and thus, inducer-free conditions were achieved. However, the maintenance of pPHB01 in E. coli requires antibiotics supplementation. Finally, an efficient E. coli ρ factor-independent terminator, thrLABC (ECK120033737), was inserted between the phaCAB operon and the hok/sok system to avoid possible transcriptional carry-over. The newly constructed plasmid pPHB01-1 facilitates an antibiotic- and inducer-free culture condition and induces the production of PHB with a concentration of 3.0 on0.2 g/L, yield of 0.26 /L0.07 g/g-glucose, and content of 44 /g3%. The PHB production using E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pPHB01-1 has been shown to last 84 and 96 h in the liquid and solid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Boonyawee Saengsawang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Si-Yu Li,
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Yang SC, Lin CC, Chen YL, Su WC. Economic Analysis of Tissue-First, Plasma-First, and Complementary NGS Approaches for Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873111. [PMID: 35669427 PMCID: PMC9163561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the testing costs and testing turnaround times of tissue-first, plasma-first, and complementary next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches in patients with treatment-naïve metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods We developed a decision tree model to compare three different approaches. Patients were entered into the model upon cancer diagnosis and those with both insufficient tissue specimens and negative liquid-based NGS were subjected to tissue re-biopsy. Actionable gene alterations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies included epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangement, B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) V600E mutation, rearranged during transfection (RET) gene rearrangement, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) mutation, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene rearrangement, K-Ras proto-oncogene (KRAS) G12C mutation, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutation. Model outcomes were testing costs, testing turnaround times, and monetary losses taking both cost and time into consideration. We presented base-case results using probabilistic analysis. Stacked one-way and three-way sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results In terms of testing costs, tissue-first approach incurred US$2,354($1,963-$2,779) and was the most cost-efficient strategy. Complementary approach testing turnaround time (days) of 12.7 (10.8 to 14.9) was found as the least time-consuming strategy. Tissue-first, complementary, and plasma-first approaches resulted in monetary losses in USD of $4,745 ($4,010-$5,480), $6,778 ($5,923-$7,600), and $7,006 ($6,047-$7,964) respectively, and identified the same percentage of patients with appropriate FDA-approved therapies. Costs for liquid-based NGS, EGFR mutation rates, and quantity of tissue specimens were the major determinants in minimizing monetary loss. Plasma-first approach would be the preferable strategy if its testing price was reduced in USD to $818, $1,343, and $1,869 for populations with EGFR mutation rates of 30%, 45%, and 60% respectively. Conclusion The tissue-first approach is currently the best strategy in minimizing monetary loss. The complementary approach is an alternative for populations with a low EGFR mutation rate. The plasma-first approach becomes increasingly preferable as EGFR mutation rates gradually increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chang M, Liao M, Lue J, Yeh C. The impact of asynchronous online anatomy teaching and smaller learning groups in the anatomy laboratory on medical students' performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Anat Sci Educ 2022; 15:476-492. [PMID: 35291048 PMCID: PMC9082485 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, National Taiwan University anatomy teachers adopted asynchronous online video teaching and reduced the size of anatomy laboratory groups in April 2020. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these changes on medical students' learning. Before Covid-19, the performance of the 2019-2020 cohort was significantly better than that of the 2018-2019 cohort. However, the implementation of modified teaching strategies significantly lowered the laboratory midterm score of the 2019-2020 cohort in the second semester. Conversely, the final laboratory examination score of the 2019-2020 cohort was significantly higher than that of the 2018-2019 cohort. Through correlation analysis, lecture and laboratory examination scores were highly correlated. Additionally, the difference in lecture and laboratory z-scores between two cohorts, the Likert scale survey and free-text feedback of the 2019-2020 cohort, were conducted to show the impact of modified teaching strategies. There were several important findings in this study. First, the change in teaching strategies may temporarily negatively influence medical students to learn anatomy. Besides, analyzing the performance of laboratory assessments could be a complementary strategy to evaluate online assessments. Applying lecture examination scores to predict laboratory performance was a feasible way to identify students who may have difficulty in learning practical dissection. Finally, reducing group size together with reduced peer discussion may have a negative effect on learning cadaver dissection for students with low academic performance. These findings should be taken into consideration when anatomy teachers apply new teaching strategies in anatomy courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Fong Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Meng‐Lin Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - June‐Horng Lue
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Chuan Yeh
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
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Xu Y, Han D, Xu F, Shen S, Zheng X, Wang H, Lyu J. Using Restricted Cubic Splines to Study the Duration of Antibiotic Use in the Prognosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898630. [PMID: 35571078 PMCID: PMC9099062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most widespread and life-threatening nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The duration of antibiotic use is a good predictor of prognosis in patients with VAP, but the ideal duration of antibiotic therapy for VAP in critically ill patients has not been confirmed. Research is therefore needed into the optimal duration of antibiotic use and its impact on VAP. Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database included 1,609 patients with VAP. Chi-square or Student’s t-tests were used to compare groups, and Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the prognoses of patients with VAP. Nonlinear tests were performed on antibiotic use lasting <7, 7–10, and >10 days. Significant factors were included in the model for sensitivity analysis. For the subgroup analyses, the body mass indexes (BMIs) of patients were separated into BMI <30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥30 kg/m2, with the criterion of statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between antibiotic use duration and mortality risk in patients with VAP. Results: In patients with VAP, the effects of antibiotic use duration on the outcomes were nonlinear. Antibiotic use for 7–10 days in models 1–3 increased the risk of antibiotic use by 2.6020-, 2.1642-, and 2.3263-fold relative to for >10 days, respectively. The risks in models 1–3 for <7 days were 2.6510-, 1.9933-, and 2.5151-fold higher than those in models with >10 days of antibiotic use, respectively. These results were robust across the analyses. Conclusions: The duration of antibiotic treatment had a nonlinear effect on the prognosis of patients with VAP. Antibiotic use durations of <7 days and 7–10 days both presented risks, and the appropriate duration of antibiotic use can ensure the good prognosis of patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Xu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Didi Han
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengshuo Xu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Si Shen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu, ; Hao Wang,
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu, ; Hao Wang,
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