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de Matos Dantas F, de Souza YM, Santana TM, dos Santos DKM, da Fonseca FAL, Gonçalves LU. A Sustainable Diet for Tambaqui Farming in the Amazon: Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Whole-Body Composition and Fillet Color. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1165. [PMID: 38672312 PMCID: PMC11047304 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce feed based on locally sourced ingredients for tambaqui farming in Amazon. Diets were formulated with increasing levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) as a replacement for fish meal (FM), and cassava by-products in the same proportion (tuber residues, peel and leaves). A conventional diet (CO) was used as the control. Juvenile tambaqui (24.61 ± 1.14 g) were housed in 24 tanks in a recirculation aquaculture system. Neither diet rejection nor mortality were observed. Fish fed cassava by-products showed similar feed conversion rates (FCR 1.76); however, these values were worse than those observed in fish fed the CO (FCR 1.33). No differences were observed in the whole-body composition of the fish. The fillets of fish fed cassava by-products had a yellow color due the carotenoids present in the leaves. Dietary BSFL and cassava by-products can contribute to the sustainability of Amazonian aquaculture. Further studies with a lower proportion of cassava leaves in the diet formulation are recommended so as to ensure enhanced diet digestibility and less impact on the color of the fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Matos Dantas
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Fishing Resources—PPGCARP, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-055, AM, Brazil; (F.d.M.D.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Yasmin Moreira de Souza
- Agricultural Sciences College, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-055, AM, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Macedo Santana
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Fishing Resources—PPGCARP, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-055, AM, Brazil; (F.d.M.D.); (T.M.S.)
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Zancan TD, Monserrat JM, Marreiro Gomes RM, Martins VG, Wasielesky W, Tesser MB. Effects of including of Japanese Pumpkin Seeds and Pomace in the Diets of Pacific White Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3480. [PMID: 38003098 PMCID: PMC10668790 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of including pumpkin seeds and pomace in the diets of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, and the effects of these supplements on growth performance, body composition, and total polyphenol, flavonoid and carotenoid contents, as well as on total antioxidant activity, and body color parameters. Five diets were evaluated: pumpkin seeds (PS) at 50 and 100 g·kg-1, pumpkin pomace (PP) at 50 and 100 g·kg-1, and a control treatment. Pacific white shrimp (P. vannamei) juveniles (0.60 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in 15 tanks (310 L), containing 30 shrimps per tank, and the treatments were randomly distributed in triplicate. At the end of the experiment, shrimps were euthanized, weighed, and dissected for further analyses. The inclusion of PS in the diets impaired growth performance, reduced the total flavonoid content and had a pro-oxidative effect on muscle. The inclusion of PP in the diets did not affect growth performance, improved the feed conversion ratio, increased the total flavonoid content in the diets and hepatopancreas, and improved the antioxidant activity of the feeds and shrimp muscle. The total carotenoid content of the feeds increased with the inclusion of PS or PP in the diets; however, the total carotenoid content of shrimp increased only in those fed PP diets. Shrimp fed with PS diets showed a yellowish color and higher saturation when fresh and a reddish color and yellow hue angle after cooking. Shrimp fed PP diets turned reddish and yellowish, both when fresh and after cooking. The inclusion of PS in P. vannamei diets is not recommended; however, PP can be included at 100 g·kg-1 without affecting the growth parameters. Further studies evaluating the inclusion of higher PP levels in shrimp diets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Dalferth Zancan
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (T.D.Z.); (R.M.M.G.); (W.W.J.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition (LANOA), Rio Grande 96210-030, Brazil
| | - José María Monserrat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms (BIFOA), Rio Grande 96210-030, Brazil
| | - Robson Matheus Marreiro Gomes
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (T.D.Z.); (R.M.M.G.); (W.W.J.)
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms (BIFOA), Rio Grande 96210-030, Brazil
| | - Vilásia Guimarães Martins
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Food Technology (LTA), Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Wasielesky
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (T.D.Z.); (R.M.M.G.); (W.W.J.)
- Marine Shrimp Laboratory, Rio Grande 96210-030, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Borges Tesser
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (T.D.Z.); (R.M.M.G.); (W.W.J.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition (LANOA), Rio Grande 96210-030, Brazil
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Mansilla WD, Moreno-Rubio J, Sevillano-Quintero F, Saraswathy S, García-Ruiz AI. The effect of gradually decreasing the dietary energy content, at constant or increased lysine:energy ratio on broiler performance, carcass yield, and body composition. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102132. [PMID: 36088817 PMCID: PMC9471444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulating diets with high AME, especially in the grower and finisher phases, hinders the inclusion of alternative ingredients that are usually cheaper and have lower AME. Moreover, as the chicken grows the feed intake capacity is greater and may be able to maintain BW over a wide range of AME. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of chickens fed diets with progressive AME reductions, at constant or increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:AME ratio (Lys:AME). Treatment 1 (control) was formulated following the SID lysine and AME recommendations for a 4-phase feeding program. Treatment 5 was formulated with -4, -8, and -12% AME in the grower-1, grower-2, and finisher phases, respectively, and with the same Lys:AME compared with the control. Treatment 9 had the same AME as treatment 5 but higher SID lysine, increasing the Lys:AME by 1.5, 3.5, and 5.0% compared with treatment 5. In the grower-1, grower-2, and finisher phases, the final 9 dietary treatments were prepared by mixing the control diet with either treatment 5 or 9 at different proportions (75:25, 50:50, or 25:75). All birds were fed the same starter control diet. Treatments were replicated in 10 pens with 31 male chickens each, and the growth performance of birds was monitored for 42 d. Final BW linearly decreased (P < 0.05) when lowering dietary AME, but it followed a positive quadratic response with higher Lys:AME (P < 0.05). Feed intake increased (P < 0.05) with low AME, independently of the Lys:AME; but the linear regression in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) had a lower slope when the Lys:AME increased. At the end of the study, there were no differences in carcass or breast meat yield (P > 0.10). Progressively reducing AME in the last feeding phases may be a viable nutritional strategy to increase the inclusion of alternative ingredients and potentially reduce feeding costs, despite increments in feed intake and FCR. Adjusting the Lys:AME in low AME diets may help maintain the final BW of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo D. Mansilla
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Trouw Nutrition, El Viso de San Juan, Toledo, 45215, Spain,Corresponding author:
| | - Jorge Moreno-Rubio
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Trouw Nutrition, El Viso de San Juan, Toledo, 45215, Spain
| | | | - Saritha Saraswathy
- Global Nutrition Formulation, Trouw Nutrition, 3800 AG Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Ana I. García-Ruiz
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Trouw Nutrition, El Viso de San Juan, Toledo, 45215, Spain
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Castro C, Coutinho F, Iglesias P, Oliva-Teles A, Couto A. Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. Inclusion in Plant-Based Diets Modulate the Intestine and Liver Antioxidant Mechanisms of European Sea Bass Juveniles. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:607575. [PMID: 33392297 PMCID: PMC7773920 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.607575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including microalgae Chlorella sp. or Nannochloropsis sp. in plant-based diets on antioxidant mechanisms of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. For this purpose, three isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (19%) diets were formulated: a practical diet, containing 15% fish meal (FM) and plant ingredients as the protein source and a mixture of fish oil and vegetable oils (40: 60) as lipid source (control diet); and two diets identical to the control but with the FM replaced by Nannochloropsis sp. or Chlorella sp. (diets Nanno and Chlo, respectively). The diets were offered to quadruplicate groups of 25 fish (initial body weight: 24 ± 1 g) for 11 weeks and then enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms and lipid oxidative biomarkers were assessed in the liver and intestine of these fish. Results showed that the antioxidant response was tissue-dependent, with the liver exhibiting lower glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (only in Chlo group) activities, and intestine lower superoxide dismutase activity with the diets including microalgae compared to control diet. An increase of oxidized glutathione content was also observed in the intestine of fish fed the microalgae diets. Catalase and glutathione reductase activities, oxidative stress index, and total and reduced glutathione, were unaffected by dietary treatments in both tissues. Overall, the lipid peroxidation status was not compromised by the replacement of FM by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Filipe Coutinho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paula Iglesias
- Buggypower, Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí-Murcia, Spain
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Saleh AA, Paray BA, Dawood MA. Olive Cake Meal and Bacillus licheniformis Impacted the Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Content, and Health Status of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E695. [PMID: 32316269 PMCID: PMC7222747 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive cake meal (OCM) is characterized by its high nutritional value and is used as an alternative source of protein and fats in poultry diets. However, due to the high percentage of fiber in OCM, beneficial bacteria cells are used to improve the digestion rates. Therefore, the influence of OCM and Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth, nutrient utilization, blood chemistry, and muscle fatty acid profile of broilers was exclusively examined in this study. Three hundred and sixty birds were randomly divided into six experimental groups (6 replicates/10 birds each): Control, OCM (2%), OCM (4%), BL, OCM (2%)/BL, and OCM (4%)/BL groups. Although feed intake was not meaningfully influenced by dietary treatments, weight gain was enhanced and feed conversion ratio was reduced (p < 0.05). The abdominal fat was lowered in broilers fed OCM (2%), OCM (4%), OCM (2%)/BL, and OCM (4%)/BL diets without a difference to those fed BL only (p < 0.05). Interestingly, blood total protein, albumin, Newcastle disease (ND) titer, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were significantly increased, while total cholesterol was decreased by the mixture of OCM and BL (p < 0.05). Muscle oleic and linoleic acids, as well as vitamin E, increased significantly in broilers fed both OCM (4%) and BL, while linolenic acid increased in all groups except those fed BL and control diets (p < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased by feeding BL or both OCM at 2% or 4% and BL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of BL to OCM diets resulted in improved fat utilization and, accordingly, enhanced growth, nutrient utilization, and antioxidative response in broilers. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use BL to improve the nutritional value of OCM and to increase the feed utilization of OCM by broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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