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Pasquali M, Brady-Boyd A, Leśniewska A, Carolan P, Conard T, O'Connor R, De Gendt S, Armini S. Area-Selective Deposition of AlO x and Al-Silicate for Fully Self-Aligned Via Integration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:6079-6091. [PMID: 36649199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rush for better-performing electronics, and manufacturing processes that heavily rely on "top-down" patterning techniques, is making the integration of "self-aligned" fabrication methods, such as area-selective deposition (ASD), a critical objective for continued device scaling. The fully self-aligned via (FSAV) scheme is broadly proposed as a "killer application" to determine whether ASD can shift from an R&D process to high-volume manufacturing. Nevertheless, the lack of a suitable low-κ deposition process has prevented the realization of FSAV by dielectric-on-dielectric ASD. This is primarily due to the high temperature and/or strong oxidizers employed during low-κ dielectric deposition and their unsuitability in the presence of organic masks, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), used to prevent material nucleation during ASD. In this work, AlOx and Al-silicate atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes are studied to provide suitable materials for ASD-enabled FSAV. Dimethylaluminum isopropoxide and H2O are utilized to deposit the metal oxide, whereas Al-silicate is grown by adding 2,2-dimethoxy-1,6-diaza-2-silacyclooctane (DMDAcO) pulses to the AlOx ALD cycle. The selectivity of such processes is demonstrated on 50 nm Cu/SiO2 structures, using octadecanethiol-derived SAMs to inhibit material nucleation on the metal lines. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies are employed to assess the quality of the ASD processes and investigate the mechanisms behind defect generation on a nongrowth surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show the high purity of the AlOx film, whereas DMDAcO-ligand incorporation into the Al-silicate matrix is observed. Planar capacitor structures are used to assess the electrical properties of both ASD films, revealing that the silicate film exhibits a relatively low κ-value (5.3 ± 0.2), with a high acceleration field factor (32.4 ± 1.4) and a dielectric breakdown voltage of 6.0 ± 0.3 V at 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pasquali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita Brady-Boyd
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, DublinDublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alicja Leśniewska
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Carolan
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Conard
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert O'Connor
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, DublinDublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Armini
- Semiconductor Technology and System, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
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Jo HS, Kim H, Yoon SY. Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Aluminum Silicate and Its Adsorption for Pb (II) Ions and Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15103562. [PMID: 35629587 PMCID: PMC9143537 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum silicate powder was prepared using two different syntheses: (1) co-precipitation and (2) two-step sol-gel method. All synthesized powders were characterized by various techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET, porosimeter, and zetasizer. The particle morphology of the synthesized aluminum silicate powder was greatly different depending on the synthesis. The synthesized aluminum silicate powder by co-precipitation had a low specific surface area (158 m2/g) and the particle appeared to have a sharp edge, as though in a glassy state. On the other hand, synthesized aluminum silicate powder by the two-step sol-gel method had a mesoporous structure and a large specific surface area (430 m2/g). The aluminum silicate powders as adsorbents were characterized for their adsorption behavior towards Pb (II) ions and methylene blue in an aqueous solution performed in a batch adsorption experiment. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (II) ions and methylene blue onto the two-step sol-gel method powder were over four-times and seven-times higher than that of the co-precipitation powder, respectively. These results show that the aluminum silicate powder synthesized with a two-step sol-gel method using ammonia can be a potential adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions and organic dyes from an aqueous solution.
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Abu Almaaty AH, Abd El-Aziz YM, Omar NA, Abdeen AM, Afifi H, Ibrahim TS, Elhady SS, Khedr AIM. Antioxidant Property of the Egyptian Propolis Extract Versus Aluminum Silicate Intoxication on a Rat's Lung: Histopathological Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245821. [PMID: 33321768 PMCID: PMC7764379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory responses induced by aluminum silicate (AS) cytotoxicity in rat lungs. The prophylactic effect of propolis extract was evaluated in 60 adult male albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups: (1) a normal, healthy control group; (2) a normal group fed with 200 mL of propolis extract/Kg; (3) a low-dose positive control group injected with 5 mg/kg of AS; (4) a treated group given propolis and a low dose of AS; (5) a high-dose positive control group injected with 20 mg/kg of AS; and (6) a treated group given propolis with a high-dose of AS. At the end of the two-month experiment, the rats’ lungs were removed. For each pair of lungs, one portion was subjected to biochemical analysis and the other underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in order to study its histology. The rats that received AS doses displayed significant disorders in their antioxidant contents as well as in their enzymatic activities and their histopathological structures revealed severe damage to their lung tissues. Upon the rats being treated with propolis, the enzymatic and antioxidant contents improved and partial improvements in the lung structures appeared, including minimized congestion, a reduced hemorrhage of blood vessels and preserved bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. The prophylactic effectiveness of propolis extract on the cytotoxicity of AS, owing to the antioxidant properties of propolis, were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Abu Almaaty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt; (A.H.A.A.); (Y.M.A.E.-A.)
| | - Yasmin M. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt; (A.H.A.A.); (Y.M.A.E.-A.)
| | - Nahed A. Omar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hala Afifi
- Pharmacy Department, College of Health Sciences, City University College of Ajman, Ajman 18484, UAE;
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amgad I. M. Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-0100-1659997; Fax: +20-066-3400344
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