1
|
Lu X, Xu L, Song Y, Yu X, Li Q, Liu F, Li X, Xi J, Wang S, Wang L, Wang Z. A Graphene Composite Film Based Wearable Far-Infrared Therapy Apparatus (GRAFT) for Effective Prevention of Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309330. [PMID: 38526158 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is the most frequent complication after abdominal surgery. Current anti-adhesion strategies largely rely on the use of physical separating barriers creating an interface blocking peritoneal adhesion, which cannot reduce inflammation and suffers from limited anti-adhesion efficacy with unwanted side effects. Here, by exploiting the alternative activated macrophages to alleviate inflammation in adhesion development, a flexible graphene-composite-film (F-GCF) generating far-infrared (FIR) irradiation that effectively modulates the macrophage phenotype toward the anti-inflammatory M2 type, resulting in reduced PPA formation, is designed. The anti-adhesion effect of the FIR generated by F-GCF is determined in the rat abdominal wall abrasion-cecum defect models, which exhibit reduced incidence and area of PPA by 67.0% and 92.1% after FIR treatment without skin damage, significantly superior to the clinically used chitosan hydrogel. Notably, within peritoneal macrophages, FIR reduces inflammation reaction and promotes tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) level via the polarization of peritoneal macrophages through upregulating Nr4a2 expression. To facilitate clinical use, a wirelessly controlled, wearable, F-GCF-based FIR therapy apparatus (GRAFT) is further developed and its remarkable anti-adhesion ability in the porcine PPA model is revealed. Collectively, the physical, biochemical, and in vivo preclinical data provide compelling evidence demonstrating the clinical-translational value of FIR in PPA prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luming Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiangbo Xi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borgström T, Dahlin LB, Tranum-Jensen J. The retinacular ligaments of the digital extensor expansion revisited: An anatomical and biomechanical study. Clin Anat 2023. [PMID: 37747299 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to clarify the anatomy and function of the retinacular ligaments. Forty-eight fingers were dissected and the thickness of the oblique retinacular ligament (ORL) was graded. In four fingers, the motion in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints was subjected to an in-depth analysis before and after sectioning of either the lateral bands (LB) or the ORLs. The function of the ORLs in restricting flexion of the DIP joint with full extension of the PIP joint was measured in 10 fingers. An ORL could be identified on both sides in all 48 fingers. The distribution of the insertion on the proximal phalanx was 7/96 (7%) in the distal third, 70/96 (73%) in the middle third and 19/96 (20%) in the proximal third. Among the specimens, 29% were graded as having a strong bundle of fibers, 51% as having well-defined and regular fibers and 20% as having thin and sparse fibers. With the PIP joint extended, there was a statistically significant increase in flexion of the DIP joint after the ORL was cut. After the LB was sectioned, the ORL was able to extend the DIP joint with an extension lag of 10-22°. Cutting the ORL did not affect the ability to extend that joint. We conclude that the retinacular ligaments are consistent. Their major role is not connected with finger movement, but to provide stabilizing links between the PIP and DIP joints. They are active in not only specific, uncommon finger positions but also in ordinary use of the fingers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Borgström
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Tranum-Jensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panuminstituttet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu Y, Auer F, Gelnaw H, Davis SN, Hamling KR, May CE, Ahamed H, Ringstad N, Nagel KI, Schoppik D. SAMPL is a high-throughput solution to study unconstrained vertical behavior in small animals. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112573. [PMID: 37267107 PMCID: PMC10592459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance and movement are impaired in many neurological disorders. Recent advances in behavioral monitoring provide unprecedented access to posture and locomotor kinematics but without the throughput and scalability necessary to screen candidate genes/potential therapeutics. Here, we present a scalable apparatus to measure posture and locomotion (SAMPL). SAMPL includes extensible hardware and open-source software with real-time processing and can acquire data from D. melanogaster, C. elegans, and D. rerio as they move vertically. Using SAMPL, we define how zebrafish balance as they navigate vertically and discover small but systematic variations among kinematic parameters between genetic backgrounds. We demonstrate SAMPL's ability to resolve differences in posture and navigation as a function of effect size and data gathered, providing key data for screens. SAMPL is therefore both a tool to model balance and locomotor disorders and an exemplar of how to scale apparatus to support screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Franziska Auer
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hannah Gelnaw
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samantha N Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kyla R Hamling
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christina E May
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hassan Ahamed
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niels Ringstad
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katherine I Nagel
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Schoppik
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schärer C, Reinhart L, Hübner K. Age-Related Differences between Maximum Flight Height of Basic Skills on Floor, Beam and Vault and Physical Condition of Youth Female Artistic Gymnasts. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11050100. [PMID: 37234056 DOI: 10.3390/sports11050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In women's artistic gymnastics, difficult elements with great flight heights have to be performed on the apparatuses. However, the importance of the physical condition for generating flight height and its development with age remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the age-related differences of lower body power, reactive strength, 20 m sprint speed, flight heights (basic elements on beam and floor) and run-up speed on the vault of 33 youth female gymnasts. Further, we calculated correlations between all parameters separately for different age groups (7-9 y; 10-12 y; 13-15 y). We found larger differences between the age groups 7-9 y and 10-12 y than between 10-12 y and 13-15 y on the apparatuses (10-12 y vs. 7-9 y: +23% to +52%; 13-15 y vs. 10-12 y: +2% to +24%) and for physical conditioning variables (10-12 y vs. 7-9 y: +12 to +24%; 13-15 y vs. 10-12 y: + 5% to +16%). The correlations between flight heights and physical condition were the lowest for age group 7-9 y (r: from -0.47 to 0.78; 10-12 y: r: from -0.19 to 0.80; 13-15 y: r: from -0.20 to 0.90). An optimal application of the physical condition to enhance the gymnastics-specific performance (e.g., flight height) is strongly age-dependent. Regular monitoring of jumping abilities and the derivation of training recommendations can accelerate this development and the future performance of young athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schärer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Reinhart
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Hübner
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akkari-Ghazouani H, Mkaouer B, Amara S, Jemni M, Chtara M. Effect of glissade-step on kinetic and kinematic variables of stag ring leaps with and without throw-catch of the ball in rhythmic gymnastics. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:222-234. [PMID: 35722746 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2087535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on certain characteristics of the jump take-offs in rhythmic gymnastics (RG). Rhythmic gymnasts always perform their jumps with the same preferred run-up technique, proceeded by a chassé-step in most of the cases. The overall idea was to analyse other step-techniques that could be performged on one-leg, which could prepare jumps. The aim of this study was to compare kinetic and kinematic variables between three-stag ring leaps with and without throwing-ball, performed using the glissade-step as a preparatory phase for take-off with one-leg these were as follows: glissade stag ring leap without-ball (GSWB), throw-ball glissade stag ring leap (TBGS) and glissade throw-ball stag ring leap (GTBS). Seven members of the Tunisian RG national team took part in this study. The technical elements were recorded in 2D using two-cameras on a specially designed floor carpet where a force-plate was integrated. The results showed that the three-leaps had significant impacts on the performance variables, especially on the force, the velocity and the flexibility. The GTBS was the most effective leap as the throw took place during the jump, which has increased its technicality and the applied physical variables, the vertical force, the rate of force development, the horizontal and vertical velocities and displacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Akkari-Ghazouani
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - B Mkaouer
- Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - S Amara
- Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - M Jemni
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Hartpury University and Hartpury College, Gloucester UK
| | - M Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baciero A, Perea M, Duñabeitia JA, Gómez P. TouchScope: A Passive-Haptic Device to Investigate Tactile Perception Using a Refreshable Braille Display. J Cogn 2023; 6:21. [PMID: 37152833 PMCID: PMC10162198 DOI: 10.5334/joc.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of touch is underrepresented in cognitive psychology research. One of the reasons is that controlling the timing of stimulus presentation, which is a hallmark of cognitive research, is significantly more difficult for tactile stimuli than visual or auditory stimuli. In the present work, we present a system to display tactile stimuli (braille cells) and collect response time with the capability for static and dynamic (passive haptic) stimuli prsentation that will contribute to the development of tactile research. While the system requires some construction, it can be put together with commercially available materials. Here, we present the step-by-step instructions for constructing the tool, the code used to control it, and some basic experiments to validate it. The data from the experiments show that the device can be used for a variety of tactile perception experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Perea
- Universitat de València, Spain
- Nebrija University, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Gómez
- C.S.U.S.B., Palm Desert Campus, United States
- Skidmore College, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cozza M, Bruzzone S, Crevani L. Materialities of care for older people: caring together/apart in the political economy of caring apparatus. Health Sociol Rev 2021; 30:308-322. [PMID: 34605377 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1976067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By applying a posthuman perspective to the analysis of care for older people (COP), we analyse the agential cuts (together/apart) enacted by humans (mainly caregivers and older people) and more-than-humans (a camera intra-acting with other objects) whose agential entanglement configures and reconfigures the political economy of the caring apparatus. Our study identifies 'targeting', 'monitoring', and 'aligning' as interrelated caring practices, thus contributing to advance a posthuman understanding of welfare technology, and advancing a critical use of the possibilities enacted by technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cozza
- Department of Organization and Management, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Silvia Bruzzone
- Department of Organization and Management, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Lucia Crevani
- Department of Organization and Management, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The ability to capture images of results or processes is an important tool in the biologist’s tool kit. In microbiology, capturing high-quality images of microbial growth on agar plates is difficult due to the reflective surface of the plates and limitations in common photography techniques. Equipment is available to overcome these challenges, but acquisition costs are high. We have developed and tested an inexpensive and efficient apparatus for high-quality imaging of microbial colonies. The imaging box, as we have named the apparatus, is designed to eliminate glare and reduce reflections on the surface of the plate while providing uniform, diffuse light from all sides. The imaging box was used to capture hundreds of images in research and teaching lab settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Martin Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suresh S, Becker A, Glasmacher B. Impact of Apparatus Orientation and Gravity in Electrospinning-A Review of Empirical Evidence. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112448. [PMID: 33105879 PMCID: PMC7690589 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile fibre fabrication method with applications from textile to tissue engineering. Despite the appearance that the influencing parameters of electrospinning are fully understood, the effect of setup orientation has not been thoroughly investigated. With current burgeoning interest in modified and specialised electrospinning apparatus, it is timely to review the impact of this seldom-considered parameter. Apparatus configuration plays a major role in the morphology of the final product. The primary difference between spinning setups is the degree to which the electrical force and gravitational force contribute. Since gravity is much lower in magnitude when compared with the electrostatic force, it is thought to have no significant effect on the spinning process. But the shape of the Taylor cone, jet trajectory, fibre diameter, fibre diameter distribution, and overall spinning efficiency are all influenced by it. In this review paper, we discuss all these developments and more. Furthermore, because many research groups build their own electrospinning apparatus, it would be prudent to consider this aspect as particular orientations are more suitable for certain applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinduja Suresh
- Institute for Multiphase Processes (IMP), Leibniz University Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Hannover, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander Becker
- Institute for Multiphase Processes (IMP), Leibniz University Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Hannover, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes (IMP), Leibniz University Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Hannover, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Li Y, Wu CH, Fu H. Upper Limb Proprioceptive Acuity Assessment Based on Three-Dimensional Position Measurement Systems. Motor Control 2020; 24:605-23. [PMID: 32916660 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to verify three-dimensional directional effects on the reproduction error precision of the human upper limb position. Thirty male subjects without history of upper limb pathology were recruited from Renmin University of China. A three-dimensional position reproduction task in six directions (up, down, left, right, far, and near) was performed by each subject. The results suggested that the proprioceptive sense of upper limb position depends on the direction, with smaller absolute errors in Directions 4 (right) and 5 (far) than in Directions 1 (up), 2 (down), 3 (left), and 6 (near). Proprioception near the end of the elbow joint range of motion may be more reliable and sensitive. Subjects reproduced fewer ranges in the horizontal plane (Directions 3, 5, and 6) and they overshot the target position along the z-axis (vertical direction) except for Direction 6. Overestimations of position in the z-axis may be caused by overestimations of force.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Zhao H. Low Temperature Nanoindentation: Development and Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E407. [PMID: 32295084 PMCID: PMC7231354 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoindentation technique at low temperatures have developed from initial micro-hardness driving method at a single temperature to modern depth-sensing indentation (DSI) method with variable temperatures over the last three decades. The technique and implementation of representative cooling systems adopted on the indentation apparatuses are discussed in detail here, with particular emphasis on pros and cons of combination with indentation technique. To obtain accurate nanoindentation curves and calculated results of material properties, several influence factors have been carefully considered and eliminated, including thermal drift and temperature induced influence on indenter and specimen. Finally, we further show some applications on typical materials and discuss the perspectives related to low temperature nanoindentation technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunbo Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China;
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China;
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130025, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sierra-Palmeiro E, Bobo-Arce M, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Fernández-Villarino MA. Longitudinal Study of Individual Exercises in Elite Rhythmic Gymnastics. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31316442 PMCID: PMC6611077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance evolution in rhythmic gymnastics depends on changes in code of points. At the beginning of each Olympic cycle the code of points changes and therefore, the content of the competition exercises, as well. This study aimed to analyze - for each apparatus - the evolution of number of technical elements and final score over the last two decades (last 13 world championships), how they have been affected by changed code of points, and how the final score relates to the number of technical elements performed. The sample consisted of 416 exercises in five apparatus: ball (96), rope (40), hoop (96), ribbon (88), and clubs (96). The following variables were gathered: code of points, apparatus, technical group, total number of elements, final classification, and final score. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects on the number of elements and final score in each apparatus. The number of technical elements increased in all apparatus, between 7.4 and 20% over a 10-year period. There were mixed evolutions of final score between the different apparatus, between -6.3 and 14% over a 10-year period. There is small increase in number of elements in hoop and a small decrease in rope after a code change. There was a small decrease in final score in championships after a code change in hoop, moderate in clubs and ribbon, and large in rope. There was a negative relationship between number of elements performed and final score in clubs. In conclusion, the code change generally effects the final score negatively, but there were apparatus specific effects of code change on number of elements and relationship between number of elements and final score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sierra-Palmeiro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Bobo-Arce
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Department of Especial Teaching, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María A. Fernández-Villarino
- Department of Especial Teaching, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Züchner M, Lervik A, Kondratskaya E, Bettembourg V, Zhang L, Haga HA, Boulland JL. Development of a Multimodal Apparatus to Generate Biomechanically Reproducible Spinal Cord Injuries in Large Animals. Front Neurol 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 30941086 PMCID: PMC6433700 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are widespread animal models in spinal cord injury (SCI) research. They have contributed to obtaining important information. However, some treatments only tested in rodents did not prove efficient in clinical trials. This is probably a result of significant differences in the physiology, anatomy, and complexity between humans and rodents. To bridge this gap in a better way, a few research groups use pig models for SCI. Here we report the development of an apparatus to perform biomechanically reproducible SCI in large animals, including pigs. We present the iterative process of engineering, starting with a weight-drop system to ultimately produce a spring-load impactor. This device allows a graded combination of a contusion and a compression injury. We further engineered a device to entrap the spinal cord and prevent it from escaping at the moment of the impact. In addition, it provides identical resistance around the cord, thereby, optimizing the inter-animal reproducibility. We also present other tools to straighten the vertebral column and to ease the surgery. Sensors mounted on the impactor provide information to assess the inter-animal reproducibility of the impacts. Further evaluation of the injury strength using neurophysiological recordings, MRI scans, and histology shows consistency between impacts. We conclude that this apparatus provides biomechanically reproducible spinal cord injuries in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Züchner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lervik
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Kondratskaya
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Bettembourg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning A Haga
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Boulland
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zarr RR, Bruss SM, McElroy DL. Historical Review of the Metered Section Area for the Guarded-Hot-Plate Method. J Test Eval 2019; 47:https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20180652. [PMID: 32855577 PMCID: PMC7448224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Results of an extensive literature review and investigation of the metered section area for the guarded-hot-plate method, standardized as ASTM C177, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, are presented. The guarded-hot-plate apparatus is a primary linear-heat-flow method generally used to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating and building materials. The review examined technical publications from 1885 to 1990 and identified 31 papers of interest. Historical versions of ASTM C177 were also researched as well as test methods from other standard development organizations. The investigation revealed that, over the past 100 years, researchers have independently developed two main approaches for the computation of the metered section area. An assessment of the calculation techniques is presented for round plates with diameters from 250 to 1,000 mm, a guard-to-meter aspect ratio of 2, and guard gap widths of 1-4 mm. The gap effects are not negligible because large gaps (4 mm) on small plates (250 mm) can lead to errors of 10 % or more on the computation of the metered section area, ultimately affecting the uncertainty of the test results of the guarded-hot-plate method. The results of this study are applicable to other thermal conductivity test methods that employ a primary thermal guard to promote 1-D heat flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Zarr
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8632, USA
| | - Stacy M Bruss
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - David L McElroy
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA (retired)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thormar HG, Gunnarsson GH, Gudmundsson B, Leosson K, Estibeiro P, Jonsson JJ. Microgels and apparatus for PAGE of nucleic acids in one or two dimensions. Biotechniques 2018; 65:15-9. [PMID: 30014733 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a system for horizontal 1D or 2D PAGE comprising an apparatus and microgels. There is no buffer outside the gel, making handling and sample loading easy. Specially designed electrodes on all four sides allow 2D electrophoresis without gel rotation. Electrophoresis is completed within 20 min and sensitivity is in the subnanogram range. The system is temperature controlled for speed, denaturation of nucleic acid molecules and maintaining molecules single-stranded. The system allows characterization of structure, conformation and damage in complex nucleic acid preparations. Besides quick 1D PAGE, 2D applications include characterization of efficiency of complex molecular procedures, checking quality of biosamples and detecting DNA damage in cells and body fluids. The system should also run protein gels.
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo M, Qu X, Li S, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Rong P. [Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for primary insomnia and affective disorder:a report of 35 cases]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2018; 37:269-273. [PMID: 29231433 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) at auricular concha for primary insomnia (PI) and affective disorder. METHODS A total of 35 patients who met the diagnosis standard of PI in Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition) were included. The self-developed auricular vagus nerve stimulator (TENS-200A) was applied at auricular concha, 30 min per treatment, twice a day, 5 days a week for consecutive 4 weeks. The follow-up visit was conducted at the end of 6th week. The Pittsburg sleep quality index scale (PSQI), 17-items Hamilton depression scale (17HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were applied for evaluation. The PSQI, HAMA and 17HAMD were observed before and after treatment; the safety was also observed. RESULTS Compared before treatment, the PSQI was significantly decreased to (13.20±3.61) at the end of 2nd week (P<0.05); compared before treatment, the 17HAMD and HAMA were significantly decreased at the end of 4th week and 6th week (all P<0.05). No adverse reaction was observed. CONCLUSIONS The taVNS could not only relieve PI symptoms, but also improve the depressive and anxiety symptoms, in addition, it may have positive long-term efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | | | - Shaoyuan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Yue Jiao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shimizu Y, Kamada H, Sakane M, Aikawa S, Mutsuzaki H, Tanaka K, Mishima H, Kanamori A, Nishino T, Ochiai N, Yamazaki M. A novel exercise device for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis improves venous flow in bed versus ankle movement exercises in healthy volunteers. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2018; 25:2309499017739477. [PMID: 29137566 DOI: 10.1177/2309499017739477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is crucial. To facilitate active ankle movement in postoperative and bedridden patients, we developed a novel leg exercise apparatus (LEX). We investigated the effect of the LEX by comparing increases in lower extremity venous flow during different modes of exercise using the LEX. METHODS In eight healthy participants, we measured venous flow volume and velocity in the femoral vein using duplex ultrasonography at 1, 10, 20, and 30 min after completing three modes of 1-min LEX exercises. The exercises involved (1) rapid single motion (ankle dorsi-plantar flexion; 60 cycles/min); (2) slow single motion (30 cycles/min); and (3) slow combined leg motion. RESULTS Flow volumes after modes 1, 2, and 3 were 1.63-, 1.39-, and 1.53-fold above baseline at 30 min, respectively. Short periods of rapid single motion, with the LEX, improved postexercise lower extremity venous flow volumes at 30 min and mean venous flow velocity at 20 min, compared to slow single motion exercise. Even at slow speeds, combined-motion improved flow volume compared to single motion. CONCLUSION Short periods of rapid single motion exercise, with the LEX, improved postexercise venous flow volumes in the lower extremities at 30 min and mean venous flow velocity at 20 min. These effects were greater than those produced by slow single motion exercises. However, even at slow speeds, combined-motion exercises improved flow volume compared to single motion. Therefore, LEX may prove effective at preventing thromboembolism in postoperative and bedridden patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Shimizu
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamada
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Sakane
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tsukuba Gakuen Hospital, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shizu Aikawa
- 4 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mutsuzaki
- 5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami-city, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Mishima
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanamori
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Nishino
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ochiai
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kikkoman General Hospital, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mkaouer B, Jemni M, Chaabene H, Amara S, Njah A, Chtara M. Effect of Two Different Types of Olympic Rotation Order on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Variables in Men's Artistic Gymnastics. J Hum Kinet 2018; 61:179-187. [PMID: 29599870 PMCID: PMC5873347 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotation sequence-order differs from a gymnast to another according to the draw at the time of the qualifying competitions in men's artistic gymnastics. Only the six best gymnasts start on the floor exercises, the others could start on any of the other five apparatuses. It has been demonstrated that some gymnastics events are physiologically less taxing than others; hence some gymnasts could experience lower and/or higher levels of cardiovascular and metabolic stress compared to others, depending on the apparatus they start with. In this regard, the objective of this investigation was to compare cardiovascular and metabolic variables between two different types of Olympic rotation-order; one began with the floor exercises and the other began with the pommel horse. Six elite male gymnasts took part in this investigation. Heart rates, synchronized with real-time video acquisition, as well as capillary lactate concentration following each apparatus routine were monitored. Cardiovascular and metabolic stresses were significantly higher when gymnasts started their rotation with the pommel horse in all apparatuses except the pommel horse. The floor exercises' score was significantly affected when gymnasts ended up their competition on this apparatus. As a conclusion, starting gymnastics' competition on the floor exercises implicates less cardiovascular and metabolic stress associated with better performance compared with the other rotation order. As a matter of fact, best gymnasts who start on this apparatus could have a slight advantage compared with the other athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bessem Mkaouer
- Department of Sports and Physical Activities, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Monèm Jemni
- Department of Sport Science, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samiha Amara
- Department of Sports and Physical Activities, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ahmad Njah
- Department of Sports and Physical Activities, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Chtara
- Department of Sports and Physical Activities, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Nail neoplasms include all tumors occurring in the nail or periungual apparatus tissue. While some nail tumors can be similar to tumors located on the skin, others are unique. Both benign and malignant lesions can affect the nail apparatus. In particular, early malignant tumors like melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma can present similarly to onychomycosis or benign melanonychia and frequently missed by clinicians. Therefore, physicians should be aware of nail structures and the characteristics of nail tumors. Our review covers the normal nail structure and the most common nail tumors from benign to malignant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noori Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan EK, Zhang CY, He J, Yin DC. An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1906. [PMID: 27854318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein crystallization under a magnetic field is an interesting research topic because a magnetic field may provide a special environment to acquire improved quality protein crystals. Because high-quality protein crystals are very useful in high-resolution structure determination using diffraction techniques (X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction), research using magnetic fields in protein crystallization has attracted substantial interest; some studies have been performed in the past two decades. In this research field, the hardware is especially essential for successful studies because the environment is special and the design and utilization of the research apparatus in such an environment requires special considerations related to the magnetic field. This paper reviews the hardware for protein crystallization (including the magnet systems and the apparatus designed for use in a magnetic field) and progress in this area. Future prospects in this field will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Drawing on our own art/science practices and a series of interviews with artificial life practitioners, we explore the entanglement of developments at the artistic edges of artificial life. We start by defining key terms from Karen Barad's agential realism. We then diffractively read artificial life together with agential realism to discuss the potential for interventions in the field. Through a discussion of artificial life computer simulations, ideas of agency are problematized, and artificial life's single purposeful actor, the agent, is replaced by agential, an adjective denoting a relationship rather than a subject-object duality. We then seek to reinterpret the difficult-to-define term "emergence." Agency in artificial life emerges through what Barad calls entanglement, in this case between observers and their apparatus, a perpetual engagement between observations of a system and their interpretations. The article explores the differences that this diffractive perspective makes to artificial life and accounts of its materialization.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports new anthropometric information of U.S. firefighters for fire apparatus design applications (Study 1) and presents a data method to assist in firefighter anthropometric data usage for research-to-practice propositions (Study 2). BACKGROUND Up-to-date anthropometric information of the U.S. firefighter population is needed for updating ergonomic and safety specifications for fire apparatus. METHOD A stratified sampling plan of three-age by three-race/ethnicity combinations was used to collect anthropometric data of 863 male and 88 female firefighters across the U.S. regions; 71 anthropometric dimensions were measured (Study I). Differences among original, weighted, and normality transformed data from Study 1 were compared to allowable observer errors (Study 2). RESULTS On average, male firefighters were 9.8 kg heavier and female firefighters were 29 mm taller than their counterparts in the general U.S. population. They also have larger upper-body builds than those of the general U.S. population. The data in weighted, unweighted, and normality transformed modes were compatible among each other with a few exceptions. CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study provide the first available U.S. national firefighter anthropometric information for fire apparatus designs. The data represent the demographic characteristics of the current firefighter population and, except for a few dimensions, can be directly employed into fire apparatus design applications without major weighting or nonnormality concerns. APPLICATION The up-to-date firefighter anthropometric data and data method will benefit the design of future fire apparatus and protective equipment, such as seats, body restraints, cabs, gloves, and bunker gear.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pollach G, Namboya F, Jung K. The 'Malawi device': a durable, reusable, low cost device from own materials for emergency ventilation during percutaneous tracheostomy. Trop Doct 2014; 44:214-8. [PMID: 25011380 DOI: 10.1177/0049475514541649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of a tracheostomy is routine in current intensive care practice to facilitate weaning patients requiring prolonged respiratory support from mechanical ventilation. Percutaneous tracheostomy has become an established technique with an acceptable risk profile in appropriately selected patients, and has the advantage that it can be performed at the bedside without the need for an operating theatre. This is particularly relevant in a resource-poor setting. Ideally, percutaneous tracheostomy requires the presence of two skilled persons; one to perform the tracheostomy while the other controls the airway and withdraws the endo-tracheal tube at the appropriate time. This is not always possible in a resource poor setting with limited manpower. Without two operators, it is possible for the tracheal tube to become displaced before the completion of the tracheostomy with potentially disastrous consequences. We describe a method by which the airway and ventilation can be maintained if accidental tracheal extubation occurs before completion of a percutaneous tracheostomy. The 'Malawi Device', a cheap and simple modification of readily available equipment, enables a single operator to maintain the airway and ventilate the patient when the above scenario occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Pollach
- Head of Department and Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi
| | - Felix Namboya
- Deputy Head of Department and Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Malawi, Malawi
| | - Kai Jung
- Lead Consultant in Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Malawi, Malawi
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Podratz JL, Staff NP, Boesche JB, Giorno NJ, Hainy ME, Herring SA, Klennert MT, Milaster C, Nowakowski SE, Krug RG, Peng Y, Windebank AJ. An automated climbing apparatus to measure chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Fly (Austin) 2013; 7:187-92. [PMID: 23695893 DOI: 10.4161/fly.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel model system in Drosophila melanogaster to study chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in adult flies. Neurological deficits were measured using a manual geotactic climbing assay. The manual assay is commonly used; however, it is laborious, time-consuming, subject to human error and limited to observing one sample at a time. We have designed and built a new automated fly-counting apparatus that uses a "video capture-particle counting technology" to automatically measure 10 samples at a time, with 20 flies per sample. Climbing behavior was assessed manually, as in our previous studies, and with the automated apparatus within the same experiment yielding statistically similar results. Both climbing endpoints as well as the climbing rate can be measured in the apparatus, giving the assay more versatility than the manual assay. Automation of our climbing assay reduces variability, increases productivity and enables high throughput drug screens for neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sokolowski MBC, Disma G, Abramson CI. A paradigm for operant conditioning in blow flies (Phormia terrae novae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830). J Exp Anal Behav 2010; 93:81-9. [PMID: 20676269 DOI: 10.1901/jeab.2010.93-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly (Protophormia terrae novae) is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole decreases. Control procedures revealed that rate of responding is not a simple overall result of feeding or of aging. The flies entered into the hole only if the response was required to obtain the food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel B C Sokolowski
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne - Unité Dynamiques des Systèmes Anthropisés ( JE 2532), Dpt de Psychologie, Chemin du Thil, F-80025 Amiens, Cedex 1, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Drexler ES, Slifka AJ, Wright JE, McCowan CN, Finch DS, Quinn TP, McColskey JD. An Experimental Method for Measuring Mechanical Properties of Rat Pulmonary Arteries Verified With Latex. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2003; 108:183-91. [PMID: 27413604 PMCID: PMC4844506 DOI: 10.6028/jres.108.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a test method for measuring the mechanical properties of small, nonlinear membrane samples from a rat model for pulmonary hypertension. The size and nonlinearity of the pulmonary artery samples poses a challenge for developing a test method that will generate quality, reproducible data in the pressure range experienced by the hypertensive pulmonary artery. The experimental method described here has sufficient precision to yield a combined relative standard uncertainty of 4 %. The method is calibrated against 75 µm thick latex and the data agree well with the neo-Hookian model.
Collapse
|
27
|
Faghihi J, Ferris JM. An Efficient New Device to Release Eggs From Heterodera glycines. J Nematol 2000; 32:411-413. [PMID: 19270996 PMCID: PMC2620471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A new apparatus to release eggs from cysts of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) is described and its efficiency evaluated. A rubber stopper was mounted on a bolt, and cysts were ground against a 60-mesh screen. Eggs and second-stage juveniles were washed into a series of screens nested underneath the apparatus. This method was fast and efficient, and had no ill effect on prepared inoculum.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim DG, Riggs RD. Portable cyst extractor: detecting cyst nematodes in the field. J Nematol 1995; 27:125-126. [PMID: 19277271 PMCID: PMC2619587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For on-site detection of cysts, a portable cyst extraction kit was constructed from nine readily available items. The portable cyst extractor detected cysts in a range of 1-117 cysts/100 g soil from 42 fields. Samples processed by this kit in fields were clean and easy to examine, possibly because the kit is a compact version of the standard wet-sieving technique used in the laboratory. The portable cyst extractor has several advantages over traditional survey methods: i) diagnosis of cyst infestations in the field accurately and rapidly most of the year and ii) reduction in the labor of samplings and transportation of soil samples.
Collapse
|