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Tamayo SC, Quddus MR, Singh K. Recurrent Primary Paget Disease of Vulva with Paget-Like Epithelial Cells in Papillary Dermis: Displaced or Invasion? Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:507-510. [PMID: 37461289 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231188902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
While histological diagnosis of Paget disease of vulva is mostly straightforward, identifying and confirming invasion can be challenging. Often invasion is accompanied by epidermal hyperplasia, marked inflammatory response and desmoplastic reaction. Diagnosis of invasion in Paget disease portends a poor outcome. We report findings from a recurrent primary vulvar Paget disease where overall histomorphology of possible invasive disease is unusual and raises a possibility of displacement of Paget cells in the dermis. We compare histology of the index case with known invasive vulvar Paget disease cases retrieved from our pathology archives. Unique histomorphology in the index case suggests a possibility of previous excision related dermal displacement of Paget cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Charlyne Tamayo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Ruhul Quddus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Bolon B, Gary JM. Toxicologic Pathology Forum Opinion: Apoptosis/Single Cell Necrosis as a Possible Procedural Effect in Primate Brain Following Ice-Cold Saline Perfusion. Toxicol Pathol 2024:1926233241247044. [PMID: 38661106 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241247044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies of test articles (TAs) in nonhuman primates are often designed to assess both biodistribution and toxicity. For this purpose, studies commonly use intravenous perfusion of ice-cold (2°C-8°C) saline to facilitate measurements of TA-associated nucleic acids and proteins, after which tissues undergo later fixation by immersion for histological processing and microscopic evaluation. Intriguingly, minimal apoptosis/single cell necrosis (A/SCN) of randomly distributed neural cells is evident in the cerebral cortex and less often the hippocampus in animals from all groups, including vehicle-treated controls. Affected cells exhibit end-stage features such as cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, nuclear condensation or fragmentation, and shape distortions, so their lineage(s) generally cannot be defined; classical apoptotic bodies are exceedingly rare. In addition, A/SCN is not accompanied by glial reactions, leukocyte infiltration/inflammation, or other parenchymal changes. The severity is minimal in controls but may be slightly exacerbated (to mild) by TA that accumulate in neural cells. One plausible hypothesis explaining this A/SCN exacerbation is that cold shock (perhaps complicated by concurrent tissue acidity and hypoxia) drives still-viable but TA-stressed cells to launch a self-directed death program. Taken together, these observations indicate that A/SCN in brain processed by cold saline perfusion with delayed immersion fixation represents a procedural artifact and not a TA-related lesion.
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Sangoi AR, Pivovarcikova K, Akgul M, Williamson SR, Ulamec M, Rogala JD, Martinek P, Vanecek T, Hes O, Alaghehbandan R. Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Extensive Retraction Artifact: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall From Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241239678. [PMID: 38567430 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241239678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In addition to "classic" and eosinophilic subtype, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well-known to demonstrate various morphological patterns including adenomatoid, microcystic, pigmented, multicystic, papillary, neuroendocrine-like, and small cell-like, all of which are important to appreciate for accurate diagnosis. Herein, we expand on a unique chromophobe RCC morphology not previously described consisting of tumor cells with extensive stromal retraction, mimicking upper urothelial tract micropapillary carcinoma (MPC). Twelve MPC-like chromophobe RCC nephrectomies were reviewed with clinicopathological features recorded; molecular testing was performed on 7 of 12 tumors. Patients were mostly men (n=10) with a mean age of 65 years. Mean tumor size was 6.4 cm with pathological stage distribution as follows: 4 (33%) T1a, 2 (17%) T1b, 1 (8%) T2b, and 3 (25%) T3a. The extent of MPC-like chromophobe RCC foci ranged from 10% to 40% (mean=26%; there was no correlation between the extent of MPC-like chromophobe RCC foci and tumor stage). Other chromophobe RCC morphological patterns were not identified. When performed, all (100%) tumors depicted prototypic chromophobe RCC staining pattern of KIT positivity/KRT7 positivity. Molecular showed 6 of 7 (86%) with multiple chromosomal losses. Clinically significant mutations were identified in NF1, TP53, FLCN (likely somatic), CHEK2, and ZFHX3 genes. Follow up available in 9 patients showed no evidence of disease (mean=23 months). Although the etiology behind the extensive stromal retraction in our tumors is unknown, this may likely be artifactual in nature. Nonetheless, it is important to include MPC-like chromophobe RCC in the spectrum of "variant" morphologies to avoid diagnostic pitfalls from micropapillary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur R Sangoi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristyna Pivovarcikova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Hospital and Medical Facility Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmut Akgul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Monica Ulamec
- Department of Pathology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Department of Pathology and Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joanna Dominica Rogala
- Department of Pathology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wrocław; Department of Pathology, Public Specialist Hospital, Nowa Sól, Poland
| | - Petr Martinek
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Hospital and Medical Facility Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanecek
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Hospital and Medical Facility Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Hospital and Medical Facility Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Reza Alaghehbandan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang XN, Li S, Cai X, Li T, Long D, Wu Q. Imaging Artifacts and Quality Evaluation with Ultrawide-Field Swept-Source OCTA in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:410-416. [PMID: 38116796 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2296362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence and types of artifacts in ultrawide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) scans of diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. METHODS This study was a prospective, observational study conducted from May 2022 to October 2022. Participants comprised individuals with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), no diabetic retinopathy, and healthy controls. SS-OCTA imaging was performed, and a 5-scan composite with a larger field of view (23.5 mm × 17.5 mm) was captured using built-in software. Two experienced ophthalmologists analyzed the images independently, and the image quality and artifact prevalence were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The study included 70 eyes (16 with PDR, 24 with NPDR, 12 eyes of diabetic patients without DR, and 18 healthy eyes) in 70 subjects. Imaging artifacts were observed in a high percentage of eyes, with 98.57% of eyes presenting at least one type of artifact. A significant proportion of eyes (58.57%) exhibited a severe degree of artifacts. The most prevalent artifacts were loss of signal in 63 eyes (90%) and displacement artifact and masking artifact in 43 eyes (61.4%). Patients with more severe stages of DR had higher artifact scores (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that DR severity was the most important factor influencing artifact scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In OCTA photos, various artifacts arise at different frequencies. It is crucial to qualitatively evaluate the images to ensure their quality. The results demonstrate that DR severity has a significant correlation with artifact scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Athira AS, Abhijith B, Reshma MV, Lankalapalli RS. Peracetylation transforms natural products beyond mere derivatization. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38516739 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2333046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Peracetylation of the methanolic extract of Benincasa hispida led to the isolation of a compound with a peracetylated hex-4-en-3-one backbone. Mechanistic insights revealed that the isolated compound is an outcome of the chemical transformation of a α-dicarbonyl compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambili Sasikumar Athira
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Balan Abhijith
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - M V Reshma
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Dien J. Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) Procedure Part One: Algorithm and Example. Biol Psychol 2024:108775. [PMID: 38499226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure is presented for electroencephalographic (EEG) data, as made freely available in the open-source EP Toolkit (Dien, 2010). First the major EEG artifact correction methods (regression, spatial filters, principal components analysis, and independent components analysis) are reviewed. Contrary to the dominant approach of picking one method that is thought to be most effective, this review concludes that none are globally superior, but rather each has strengths and weaknesses. Then each of the major artifact types are reviewed (Blink, Corneo-Retinal Dipole, Saccadic Spike Potential, and Movement). For each one, it is proposed that one of the major correction methods is best matched to address it, resulting in the MAAC procedure. The MAAC itself is then presented, as implemented in the EP Toolkit, in order to provide a sense of the user experience. The primary goal of this present paper is to make the conceptual argument for the MAAC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dien
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Curcuru AN, Yang D, An H, Cuculich PS, Robinson CG, Gach HM. Technical note: Minimizing CIED artifacts on a 0.35 T MRI-Linac using deep learning. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024; 25:e14304. [PMID: 38368615 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artifacts from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are a challenge to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). PURPOSE This study tested an unsupervised generative adversarial network to mitigate ICD artifacts in balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cine MRIs and improve image quality and tracking performance for MRgRT. METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers (Group A) were scanned on a 0.35 T MRI-Linac with and without an MR conditional ICD taped to their left pectoral to simulate an implanted ICD. bSSFP MRI data from 12 of the volunteers were used to train a CycleGAN model to reduce ICD artifacts. The data from the remaining two volunteers were used for testing. In addition, the dataset was reorganized three times using a Leave-One-Out scheme. Tracking metrics [Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), target registration error (TRE), and 95 percentile Hausdorff distance (95% HD)] were evaluated for whole-heart contours. Image quality metrics [normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and multiscale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) scores] were evaluated. The technique was also tested qualitatively on three additional ICD datasets (Group B) including a patient with an implanted ICD. RESULTS For the whole-heart contour with CycleGAN reconstruction: 1) Mean DSC rose from 0.910 to 0.935; 2) Mean TRE dropped from 4.488 to 2.877 mm; and 3) Mean 95% HD dropped from 10.236 to 7.700 mm. For the whole-body slice with CycleGAN reconstruction: 1) Mean nRMSE dropped from 0.644 to 0.420; 2) Mean MS-SSIM rose from 0.779 to 0.819; and 3) Mean PSNR rose from 18.744 to 22.368. The three Group B datasets evaluated qualitatively displayed a reduction in ICD artifacts in the heart. CONCLUSION CycleGAN-generated reconstructions significantly improved both tracking and image quality metrics when used to mitigate artifacts from ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen N Curcuru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deshan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongyu An
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Phillip S Cuculich
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - H Michael Gach
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Al-Hayali A, Komeili A, Azad A, Sathiadoss P, Schieda N, Ukwatta E. Machine learning based prediction of image quality in prostate MRI using rapid localizer images. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2024; 11:026001. [PMID: 38435711 PMCID: PMC10905647 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.11.2.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diagnostic performance of prostate MRI depends on high-quality imaging. Prostate MRI quality is inversely proportional to the amount of rectal gas and distention. Early detection of poor-quality MRI may enable intervention to remove gas or exam rescheduling, saving time. We developed a machine learning based quality prediction of yet-to-be acquired MRI images solely based on MRI rapid localizer sequence, which can be acquired in a few seconds. Approach The dataset consists of 213 (147 for training and 64 for testing) prostate sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) MRI localizer images and rectal content, manually labeled by an expert radiologist. Each MRI localizer contains seven two-dimensional (2D) slices of the patient, accompanied by manual segmentations of rectum for each slice. Cascaded and end-to-end deep learning models were used to predict the quality of yet-to-be T2W, DWI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI images. Predictions were compared to quality scores determined by the experts using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and intra-class correlation coefficient. Results In the test set of 64 patients, optimal versus suboptimal exams occurred in 95.3% (61/64) versus 4.7% (3/64) for T2W, 90.6% (58/64) versus 9.4% (6/64) for DWI, and 89.1% (57/64) versus 10.9% (7/64) for ADC. The best performing segmentation model was 2D U-Net with ResNet-34 encoder and ImageNet weights. The best performing classifier was the radiomics based classifier. Conclusions A radiomics based classifier applied to localizer images achieves accurate diagnosis of subsequent image quality for T2W, DWI, and ADC prostate MRI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Hayali
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Guelph Imaging AI Lab, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amin Komeili
- University of Calgary, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Azar Azad
- A.I. Vali Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Sathiadoss
- University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola Schieda
- University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eranga Ukwatta
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Guelph Imaging AI Lab, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Cieslak M, Cook PA, Shafiei G, Tapera TM, Radhakrishnan H, Elliott M, Roalf DR, Oathes DJ, Bassett DS, Tisdall MD, Rokem A, Grafton ST, Satterthwaite TD. Diffusion MRI head motion correction methods are highly accurate but impacted by denoising and sampling scheme. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26570. [PMID: 38339908 PMCID: PMC10826632 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Head motion correction is particularly challenging in diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) scans due to the dramatic changes in image contrast at different gradient strengths and directions. Head motion correction is typically performed using a Gaussian Process model implemented in FSL's Eddy. Recently, the 3dSHORE-based SHORELine method was introduced that does not require shell-based acquisitions, but it has not been previously benchmarked. Here we perform a comprehensive evaluation of both methods on realistic simulations of a software fiber phantom that provides known ground-truth head motion. We demonstrate that both methods perform remarkably well, but that performance can be impacted by sampling scheme and the extent of head motion and the denoising strategy applied before head motion correction. Furthermore, we find Eddy benefits from denoising the data first with MP-PCA. In sum, we provide the most extensive known benchmarking of dMRI head motion correction, together with extensive simulation data and a reproducible workflow. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Both Eddy and SHORELine head motion correction methods performed quite well on a large variety of simulated data. Denoising with MP-PCA can improve head motion correction performance when Eddy is used. SHORELine effectively corrects motion in non-shelled diffusion spectrum imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cieslak
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Philip A. Cook
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Tinashe M. Tapera
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Desmond J. Oathes
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Sante Fe InstituteSanta FeNew MexicoUnited States
| | - M. Dylan Tisdall
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology and the eScience InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUnited States
| | - Scott T. Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
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Dale B. Has the concept of polyspermy prevention been invented in the laboratory? ZYGOTE 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38284288 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199424000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There is no evidence, nor need, for a fast block to polyspermy in animal oocytes. The idea that oocytes have evolved a mechanism to allow the entry of one spermatozoon and repel all others has, however, gained consensus over the last century. The main culprit is the sea urchin, which has been used for over a century in in vitro studies of the fertilization process. Images of sea urchin oocytes with thousands of sperm attached to the surface are commonplace in textbooks and appeal to the nature of the reader implying an intriguing surface mechanism of sperm selection despite these oocytes being fixed for photography (Figure ). The abundance of gametes in this marine invertebrate and the ease of experimentation have given us the possibility to elucidate many aspects of the mechanism of fertilization, but has also led to ongoing controversies in reproductive biology, one being polyspermy prevention. Kinetic experiments by Rothschild and colleagues in the 1950s led to the hypothesis of a fast partial block to polyspermy in sea urchin oocytes that reduced the probability of a second spermatozoon from entering the oocyte by 1/20th. In the 1970s, Jaffe and colleagues suggested, with circumstantial evidence, that this partial block was due to the sperm-induced depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane. However, the fate of supernumerary spermatozoa is determined well before the plasma membrane of the oocyte depolarizes. Transmembrane voltage does not serve to regulate sperm entry. Scholastic texts have inadvertently promulgated this concept across the animal kingdom with no logical correlation or experimentation and, as of today, a molecular mechanism to regulate sperm entry in oocytes has not been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dale
- Centre for Assisted Fertilization, Naples, 80123, Italy
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11
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Cagle LA, Fry MM, Wesley KB, Beatty SSK. Silica and barium: Comparison of microscopic appearance and characterization of effects of silica on cytomorphology. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:698-704. [PMID: 38097197 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica from plastic red top sample collection tubes and barium cause recognized artifacts in slide preparations for microscopic examination. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate and directly compare the microscopic appearance of silica and barium particles and various slide preparation techniques (e.g., use of coverslips, oil immersion, and different stains). A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of silica particles on cellular morphology after mechanical trauma with cytocentrifugation. METHODS Fluid samples (deionized water, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) were collected and evaluated in silica- and non-silica-containing tubes. Barium was added to silica and non-silica samples. Direct and cytocentrifuge preparations were compared to evaluate the effect of silica particles on cellular morphology. Preparations were stained with Wright-Giemsa, rhodizonic acid disodium salt, Alizarin Red, Grocott's methenamine silver, and Prussian blue. RESULTS Silica and barium particles were identifiable via light microscopy with and without polarized light, although silica particles diminished with immersion oil. Barium particles retained their structure and diminished less under oil. Cytoseal mounting medium for coverslip placement resulted in diminished refractility of silica and some barium particles. Silica particles with mechanical interaction during cytocentrifugation resulted in disrupted cellular morphology with many lysed cells. Silica and barium particles were negative for all special stains tested. CONCLUSIONS Silica from plastic red top tubes adversely affects cell morphology in cytocentrifuge preparations, potentially affecting manual differential cell counts and compromising diagnostic interpretation. Samples intended for microscopic evaluation should not be collected in silica-containing tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cagle
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael M Fry
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth B Wesley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA
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Bindra T, Ingram DG. Images: Polysomnographic artifact in a patient with Tourette syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:2149-2151. [PMID: 38041536 PMCID: PMC10692946 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Tourette syndrome frequently have sleep disturbances that may require polysomnographic testing. The use of deep brain stimulators is increasing with expanding indications including children with medically intractable Tourette syndrome. It is important to understand the effect the stimulator can have on polysomnographic monitoring. Herein we present an interesting case of an adolescent with medically intractable Tourette syndrome with a deep brain stimulator implant who underwent a polysomnogram demonstrating rhythmic, monomorphic artifact. CITATION Bindra T, Ingram DG. Images: Polysomnographic artifact in a patient with Tourette syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(12):2149-2151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejwant Bindra
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - David G. Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
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13
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Matta RE, Knapp Giacaman S, Wiesmueller M, Lutz R, Uder M, Wichmann M, Seidel A. Quantitative analysis of zirconia and titanium implant artefacts in three-dimensional virtual models of multi-slice CT and cone beam CT: does scan protocol matter? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20230275. [PMID: 37641962 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20230275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artefacts from dental implants in three-dimensional (3D) imaging may lead to incorrect representation of anatomical dimensions and impede virtual planning in navigated implantology. The aim of this study was quantitative assessment of artefacts in 3D STL models from cone beam CT (CBCT) and multislice CT (MSCT) using different scanning protocols and titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) and zirconium (ZrO2) implant materials. METHODS Three ZrO2 and three Ti-Zr implants were respectively placed in the mandibles of two fresh human specimens. Before (baseline) and after implant placement, 3D digital imaging scans were performed (10 repetitions per timepoint: voxel size 0.2 mm³ and 0.3 mm³ for CBCT; 80 and 140 kV in MSCT). DICOM data were converted into 3D STL models and evaluated in computer-aided design software. After precise merging of the baseline and post-op models, the surface deviation was calculated, representing the extent of artefacts in the 3D models. RESULTS Compared with baseline, ZrO2 emitted 36.5-37.3% (±0.6-0.8) artefacts in the CBCT and 39.2-50.2% (±0.5-1.2) in the MSCT models. Ti-Zr implants produced 4.1-7.1% (±0.3-3.0) artefacts in CBCT and 5.4-15.7% (±0.5-1.3) in MSCT. Significantly more artefacts were found in the MSCT vs CBCT models for both implant materials (p < 0.05). Significantly fewer artefacts were visible in the 3D models from scans with higher kilovolts in MSCT and smaller voxel size in CBCT. CONCLUSIONS Among the four applied protocols, the lowest artefact proportion of ZrO2 and Ti-Zr implants in STL models was observed with CBCT and the 0.3 mm³ voxel size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragai Edward Matta
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Knapp Giacaman
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Wiesmueller
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Wichmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Seidel
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Kuusisto N, Abushahba F, Syrjänen S, Huumonen S, Vallittu P, Närhi T. Zirconia implants interfere with the evaluation of peri-implant bone defects in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images even with artifact reduction, a pilot study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20230252. [PMID: 37641961 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20230252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging can be considered, especially in patients with complicated peri-implantitis (PI). Artifacts induced by dense materials are the drawback of CBCT imaging and the peri-implant bone condition may not be assessed reliably because the artifacts are present in the same area. This pilot study investigates the performance of the artifact reduction algorithm (ARA) of the Planmeca Viso G7 CBCT device (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with three different implant materials and imaging parameters. METHODS Three pairs of dental implants consisting of titanium, zirconia, and fiber reinforced composite (FRC) were set into a pig mandible. A vertical defect simulating peri-implantitis bone loss was made on the buccal side of one of each implant. The defect was identified and measured by two observers and compared to the actual dimensions. In addition, the bone structure and the marginal cortex visibility between the implants were estimated visually. RESULTS The bone defect and its dimensions with the zirconia implant could not be identified in any image with or without the metal artifact reduction algorithm. The bone defect of titanium and FRC implants were identified with all three imaging parameters or even without ARA. The interobserver agreement between the two observers was almost perfect for all categories analyzed. CONCLUSION Peri-implantitis defect of the zirconia implant and the peri-implant bone structure of the zirconia implants cannot be recognized reliably with any ARA levels, or any imaging parameters used with the Planmeca Viso G7. The need for ARA when imaging the peri-implant bone condition of the titanium and FRC implants may be unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Kuusisto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sisko Huumonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Yoshiiwa S, Takano H, Ido K, Kawato M, Morishige KI. Group analysis and classification of working memory task conditions using electroencephalogram cortical currents during an n-back task. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1222749. [PMID: 37942143 PMCID: PMC10627866 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1222749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic studies of working memory have demonstrated cortical activity and oscillatory representations without clarifying how the stored information is retained in the brain. To address this gap, we measured scalp electroencephalography data, while participants performed a modified n-back working memory task. We calculated the current intensities from the estimated cortical currents by introducing a statistical map generated using Neurosynth as prior information. Group analysis of the cortical current level revealed that the current amplitudes and power spectra were significantly different between the modified n-back and delayed match-to-sample conditions. Additionally, we classified information on the working memory task conditions using the amplitudes and power spectra of the currents during the encoding and retention periods. Our results indicate that the representation of executive control over memory retention may be mediated through both persistent neural activity and oscillatory representations in the beta and gamma bands over multiple cortical regions that contribute to visual working memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hironobu Takano
- Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ido
- Center of Liberal Arts and Science, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Morishige
- Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
- Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Raspe J, Harder FN, Rupp S, McTavish S, Peeters JM, Weiss K, Makowski MR, Braren RF, Karampinos DC, Van AT. Retrospective Motion Artifact Reduction by Spatial Scaling of Liver Diffusion-Weighted Images. Tomography 2023; 9:1839-1856. [PMID: 37888738 PMCID: PMC10610678 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac motion causes unpredictable signal loss in respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the liver, especially inside the left lobe. The left liver lobe may thus be frequently neglected in the clinical evaluation of liver DWI. In this work, a data-driven algorithm that relies on the statistics of the signal in the left liver lobe to mitigate the motion-induced signal loss is presented. The proposed data-driven algorithm utilizes the exclusion of severely corrupted images with subsequent spatially dependent image scaling based on a signal-loss model to correctly combine the multi-average diffusion-weighted images. The signal in the left liver lobe is restored and the liver signal is more homogeneous after applying the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, overestimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the left liver lobe is reduced. The proposed algorithm can therefore contribute to reduce the motion-induced bias in DWI of the liver and help to increase the diagnostic value of DWI in the left liver lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raspe
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix N. Harder
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Selina Rupp
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Sean McTavish
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | | | - Kilian Weiss
- Philips GmbH Market DACH, 22335 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Rickmer F. Braren
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Anh T. Van
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.C.K.); (A.T.V.)
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17
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Nicholas GE, Dahl JP, Otjen JP, Richardson CM. Tracheal Mirror Image Artifact in Patients With Normal and Pathologic Tracheas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1080-1082. [PMID: 36883989 PMCID: PMC10485171 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonography is gaining popularity as a diagnostic imaging modality for airway pathology. Tracheal ultrasound (US) has several nuances that are important for clinicians, including imaging artifacts, which can be mistaken for pathology. Tracheal mirror image artifacts (TMIAs) occur when the US beam is reflected back to the transducer in a nonliner direction or with multiple timesteps. It has previously been believed that the convexity of the tracheal cartilage prevents mirror image artifacts, but in reality, the air column acts as an acoustic mirror and causes TMIA. We describe a cohort of patients with both normal and pathologic tracheas, all of whom have TMIA on the tracheal US. These artifacts are important to recognize, especially as the airway US becomes more commonplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Nicholas
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John P Dahl
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Otjen
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Clare M Richardson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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18
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Clancey N, Burton S, Gilroy C, Saunders J. Methodology-related pseudohyperkalemia associated with marked muscle enzyme leakage in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:475-481. [PMID: 37468958 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As hyperkalemia may be life-threatening, it is critical to recognize artifactually increased potassium concentrations. Pseudohyperkalemia may occur in myopathies when using the VetScan2 analyzer (VS2), but the degree of pseudohyperkalemia and relationships relative to creatine kinase activity (CK) are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine what degree of muscle enzyme leakage, as reflected by increased serum CK activity, results in cases with falsely elevated potassium concentrations when measured by the VS2. We also sought to establish if a linear relationship exists between potassium concentrations measured by the VS2 and CK activity. METHODS Serum samples from dogs with increased CK activity and with CK activity within the reference interval and without clinically relevant biochemical alterations were used to create diluted samples having various CK activities. Potassium concentrations and CK activities were determined on VS2 and Cobas c501 (Cobas) analyzers. Wilcoxon signed rank, Bland-Altman, and Passing-Bablok analyses were used to compare potassium concentrations generated by the VS2 and Cobas analyzers. Least squares regression analysis was performed to evaluate if a linear relationship exists between VS2 potassium concentrations and Cobas CK activities. RESULTS Potassium concentrations from the VS2 were higher (median and standard deviation (SD) = 5.2 +/- 0.46 mmol/L) than those from the Cobas analyzer (4.4 +/- 0.35 mmol/L; P < 0.000), and a positive mean bias was found (mean difference = 0.774 mmol/L; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.706-0.842; limits of agreement = 0.21-1.34). Passing-Bablok regression showed a positive proportional bias for potassium concentrations on the VS2 compared with paired Cobas results (Slope = 1.328; 95% CI = 1.100-1.500) but did not reveal systematic bias (Intercept = -0.714; 95% CI = -1.46-0.265). Least squares regression analysis showed a poor non-significant relationship (R2 = 0.19) between potassium measured by the VS2 and CK measured by the Cobas analyzer. CONCLUSIONS A defined threshold value of CK activity at which potassium concentration begins to falsely increase when measured on the VS2 was not established as data widely varied. A poor non-significant relationship between potassium concentrations and CK activities did not allow prediction of the threshold at which falsely increased potassium concentrations would be expected on the VS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Clancey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Shelley Burton
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Cornelia Gilroy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Janet Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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19
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Sangoi AR, Akgul M, Williamson SR. Artifactual Cystic Spaces in Prostatic Transurethral Resections and Related Specimens: A Potential Diagnostic Confounder. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1048-1056. [PMID: 36314458 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims. Histopathologic benign mimickers of prostate cancer have mostly focused on glandular mimics, with non-glandular mimics mainly limited to inflammatory conditions. While there is a paucity of literature recognizing small cystic (presumably artifactual) spaces in transurethral resection specimens, in some instances they can become florid enough to mimic vascular or epithelial neoplasms. Herein, we detailed histologic, immunophenotypic, and clinicopathologic findings in a large series of specimens showing prominent diagnostically confounding cystic spaces. Methods and Results. Sixty specimens were obtained (50 transurethral resections, 7 aquablations, 3 laser enucleations), from 17 different surgeons. Seven specimens had concurrent genitourinary pathology (4 prostatic adenocarcinoma, 1 solitary fibrous tumor, 1 prostatic atypia, 1 urothelial carcinoma in situ). The extent of cystic change among overall tissue examined ranged from 1 mm-8 mm (mean 3.4 mm), with luminal content of cystic spaces characterized as empty (72%), both empty and fluid-like (17%), and both empty and mucin-like (11%; mucin histochemical stain was negative on all specimens). Notable differences in degree of tissue cautery artifact or inflammation was not found. Immunohistochemistry performed on 30 specimens showed cystic spaces negative for S100, ERG, pankeratin, and CD45. Conclusion. Although artifactual in nature, in some instances small cystic spaces encountered in prostatic transurethral resections and more novel related procedures can become florid enough to warrant recognition as a potential diagnostic confounder of vascular or epithelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur R Sangoi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Mahmut Akgul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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Lawal IO, Pectasides M, Parihar AS, Shah HU, Halkar RK, Jani AB, Schuster DM. Aberrant Vascular Anatomy Associated With Artifactual Focal Avidity in the Liver on PSMA PET. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e455-e457. [PMID: 37385218 PMCID: PMC10524921 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is a valuable tool for staging and restaging of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression is not specific to prostate cancer, as it is expressed in normal tissues as well as in neoplastic and nonneoplastic processes. Awareness of the broad possibility of lesions with PSMA avidity is necessary to recognize normal variants and avoid potential pitfalls in image interpretation. We present a series of cases showing physiologic focal PSMA avidity in hepatic segment IVb. We correlate this uptake with aberrant hepatic vasculature. The awareness of this variant is important for accurate image interpretation to prevent additional invasive procedures, undue treatment escalation, and denial of curative treatment to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Melina Pectasides
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashwin Singh Parihar
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hardik U. Shah
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raghuveer K. Halkar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashesh B. Jani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David M. Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Gettings JV, Stowe RC. Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) Artifact in the EEG of a Pediatric Patient. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023:15500594231194958. [PMID: 37611196 DOI: 10.1177/15500594231194958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the first case of deep brain stimulator (DBS) artifact in the EEG of a pediatric patient. Our case is a 7-year-old male with bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS for whom the EEG recorded a rhythmic 7.5 Hz theta activity on EEG related to DBS artifact. This artifact was also appreciated as a monochromatic invariable frequency band over 7.5 Hz on density spectral array (DSA). This rhythmic artifact may mimic an ictal pattern and should be recognized as artifact in order to avoid unnecessary treatment with anti-seizure medications (ASM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V Gettings
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Stowe
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yoshida H, Takigawa W, Kobayashi-Kato M, Nishikawa T, Shiraishi K, Ishikawa M. Mismatch Repair Protein Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Assessing Concordance and Unveiling Pitfalls in Two Different Immunohistochemistry Assays. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1260. [PMID: 37623510 PMCID: PMC10455692 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the concordance and interchangeability of the Dako/Agilent and Ventana/Roche mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays commonly used in pathology. It also aimed to provide diagnostic insights by examining the frequency and characteristics of the dot-like artifact observed in MLH1 M1 clone staining in endometrial cancer. Fifty endometrial cancer cases with MMR deficiency, excised between 2011 and 2018, were included in the study. IHC was performed using primary antibody clones from Ventana/Roche (MLH1, clone M1; MSH2, G219-1129; MSH6, SP93; PMS2, A16-4) and Dako/Agilent (MLH1, ES05; MSH2, FE11; MSH6, EP49; PMS2, EP51). Both assays were conducted using respective autostainers. The Dako/Agilent assay showed a loss of MLH1 in 26 cases, MSH2 in 12 cases, MSH6 in 23 cases, and PMS2 in 28 cases. The two assays had a complete agreement in MMR protein expression or loss. The dot-like artifact in MLH1 M1 clone staining was observed in 77% (20/26) of cases, predominantly in the surface area of the tumor, ranging from 5% to 40% (median: 10%). These findings highlight the high concordance between the MMR-IHC assays and emphasize the importance of considering the dot-like artifact in MLH1 M1 clone staining when diagnosing endometrial cancer with MMR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Waku Takigawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kobayashi-Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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23
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Baciu VE, Lambert Cause J, Solé Morillo Á, García-Naranjo JC, Stiens J, da Silva B. Anomaly Detection in Multi-Wavelength Photoplethysmography Using Lightweight Machine Learning Algorithms. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6947. [PMID: 37571730 PMCID: PMC10422657 DOI: 10.3390/s23156947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been increased interest in photoplethysmography (PPG) technology, which has revealed that, in addition to heart rate and oxygen saturation, the pulse shape of the PPG signal contains much more valuable information. Lately, the wearable market has shifted towards a multi-wavelength and multichannel approach to increase signal robustness and facilitate the extraction of other intrinsic information from the signal. This transition presents several challenges related to complexity, accuracy, and reliability of algorithms. To address these challenges, anomaly detection stages can be employed to increase the accuracy and reliability of estimated parameters. Powerful algorithms, such as lightweight machine learning (ML) algorithms, can be used for anomaly detection in multi-wavelength PPG (MW-PPG). The main contributions of this paper are (a) proposing a set of features with high information gain for anomaly detection in MW-PPG signals in the classification context, (b) assessing the impact of window size and evaluating various lightweight ML models to achieve highly accurate anomaly detection, and (c) examining the effectiveness of MW-PPG signals in detecting artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad-Eusebiu Baciu
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.C.); (Á.S.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Lambert Cause
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.C.); (Á.S.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
| | - Ángel Solé Morillo
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.C.); (Á.S.M.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Johan Stiens
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.C.); (Á.S.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Bruno da Silva
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.C.); (Á.S.M.); (J.S.)
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Harper LK, Faulk EA, Patel B, Collins P, Rochman C. How to Recognize and Correct Artifacts on Contrast-Enhanced Mammography. J Breast Imaging 2023; 5:486-497. [PMID: 38416909 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has emerged as an important new technology in breast imaging. It can demonstrate a number of imaging artifacts that have the potential to limit interpretation by either obscuring or potentially mimicking disease. Commonly encountered artifacts on CEM include patient motion artifacts (ripple and misregistration), pectoral highlighting artifact, breast implant artifact, halo artifact, corrugation artifact, cloudy fat artifact, contrast artifacts (retention and contamination), skin artifacts (skin line enhancement and skin overexposure), and skin lesions. Skin lesions may demonstrate a variety of imaging appearances and have both benign and malignant etiologies. It is important that the technologist, radiologist, and physicist be aware of potential artifacts and skin enhancement on CEM that may affect interpretation and understand their causes and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Harper
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Radiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ellen A Faulk
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bhavika Patel
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Radiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia Collins
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Carrie Rochman
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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25
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Akman B, Kaya AT. Effects of Patient-Based Imaging Artifacts On CT Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Its Severity. Radiol Technol 2023; 94:397-408. [PMID: 37433603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of patient-induced artifacts on the diagnostic performance of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and the computed tomography chest severity score (CT-SS). METHODS A single-center retrospective analysis of patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted to the authors' hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and underwent chest CT between July and November 2021 was conducted. Patients' chest CT scans were examined by 3 radiologists for CT-SS and CO-RADS classifications. Patient-based artifacts, including metal artifacts, incomplete projection artifacts, motion artifacts, and insufficient inspiration, were identified by 3 readers who were unaware of each other. For statistical analysis, interreader agreement was investigated using Fleiss kappa () agreement analysis. RESULTS The study population included 549 patients with a median age of 66 years (IQR, 55-75 years), 321 (58.5%) of whom were men. According to the overall CO-RADS classification, the highest interreader agreement was in patients without CT artifacts ( = 0.924), while the lowest interreader agreement was in patients with motion artifacts ( = 0.613). For the CO-RADS 1 and 2 patient groups, insufficient inspiration decreased the interreader agreement most ( = 0.712 and = 0.250, respectively). For the CO-RADS 3, 4, and 5 patient groups, motion artifacts reduced the interreader agreement most ( = 0.464, = 0.453, and = 0.705, respectively). For total CT-SS, the highest kappa value was in patients without artifacts ( = 0.574), while the lowest kappa value was in patients with motion artifacts ( = 0.374). DISCUSSION The CT technologist can avoid patient-induced artifacts by placing patients carefully on the CT table, giving patients necessary instructions before CT acquisition, and selecting optimal scanning parameters. The authors are not aware of another study in the literature investigating the effects of patient-based artifacts on interreader agreement of CO-RADS classification and CT-SS for COVID-19. CONCLUSION CT artifacts degrade image quality and might lead to interreader disagreement of CO-RADS classification and CT-SS for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Akman
- Burcu Akman, MD, and Ahmet Turan Kaya, MD, are assistant professors for the Department of Radiology at Amasya University in Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turan Kaya
- Burcu Akman, MD, and Ahmet Turan Kaya, MD, are assistant professors for the Department of Radiology at Amasya University in Turkey
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26
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Kakade S, Acharya I, Venkatesh R. Influence of mydriasis on foveal duplication artifact. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231180034. [PMID: 37325166 PMCID: PMC10265355 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we describe a rare imaging finding of foveal duplication identified on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) through undilated pupils in a 49-year-old asymptomatic anxious lady with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited the retina clinic for diabetic retinopathy screening. A simple patient counseling for cooperation during a repeat OCT scan with dilated pupils revealed that the twin fovea-like duplication was an illusion. This case illustrates the necessity of pupillary dilation and reimaging in the presence of unusual artifacts, such as foveal duplication, to prevent clinicians from ordering unnecessary additional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Kakade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Isha Acharya
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
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27
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Goktas P, Simon Carbajo R. PPSW-SHAP: Towards Interpretable Cell Classification Using Tree-Based SHAP Image Decomposition and Restoration for High-Throughput Bright-Field Imaging. Cells 2023; 12:1384. [PMID: 37408219 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput microscopy imaging have transformed cell analytics, enabling functionally relevant, rapid, and in-depth bioanalytics with Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a powerful driving force in cell therapy (CT) manufacturing. High-content microscopy screening often suffers from systematic noise, such as uneven illumination or vignetting artifacts, which can result in false-negative findings in AI models. Traditionally, AI models have been expected to learn to deal with these artifacts, but success in an inductive framework depends on sufficient training examples. To address this challenge, we propose a two-fold approach: (1) reducing noise through an image decomposition and restoration technique called the Periodic Plus Smooth Wavelet transform (PPSW) and (2) developing an interpretable machine learning (ML) platform using tree-based Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to enhance end-user understanding. By correcting artifacts during pre-processing, we lower the inductive learning load on the AI and improve end-user acceptance through a more interpretable heuristic approach to problem solving. Using a dataset of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) cultured under diverse density and media environment conditions, we demonstrate supervised clustering with mean SHAP values, derived from the 'DFT Modulus' applied to the decomposition of bright-field images, in the trained tree-based ML model. Our innovative ML framework offers end-to-end interpretability, leading to improved precision in cell characterization during CT manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polat Goktas
- UCD School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- CeADAR: Ireland's Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Clonskeagh, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Simon Carbajo
- UCD School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- CeADAR: Ireland's Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Clonskeagh, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Hannesse C, Benoît M, Higny J. An imaging artifact unmasked by contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7363. [PMID: 37216300 PMCID: PMC10196433 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing transesophageal imaging of the left atrial appendage is key before cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Ultrasound artifacts may induce misinterpretation and decrease in confidence for thrombus exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hannesse
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseCHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | - Martin Benoît
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseCHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | - Julien Higny
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseCHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
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Kuusisto N, Hirvonen J, Suominen A, Syrjänen S, Huumonen S, Vallittu P, Kinnunen I. Retrospective Analysis of Artifacts in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images Used to Diagnose Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091511. [PMID: 37174903 PMCID: PMC10177128 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is frequently used to corroborate the signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, artifacts induced by dental restorations might complicate the diagnosis of CRS. Here, we assessed the frequency and location of artifacts in CBCT images taken to confirm the CRS. METHODS All CBCT images of the patients referred to the Emergency Radiology unit, Turku University Hospital, with an indication of CRS in 2017 were re-examined. The prevalence of the artifacts was analyzed in three cross-sectional views and three horizontal levels delimited by anatomical landmarks. RESULTS In total, 214 CBCT images of patients with CRS were evaluated. The diagnosis of apical periodontitis (AP) was impaired by artifacts present in 150/214 images (70%). The diagnosis of CRS was impaired in 5 of the 214 images (2.3%). The main origins of the artifacts were large dental fillings or crowns, and endodontic fillings were present in 95% (203/214) and 52% (111/214) of the images, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AP as an etiology of CRS is possible to miss because of artifacts originating from dental and endodontic fillings in the CBCT images of the paranasal sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Kuusisto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, 15850 Lahti, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sisko Huumonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilpo Kinnunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Nandedkar SD, Barkhaus PE. Defective E2 electrode lead gives low-amplitude compound muscle action potential. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:310-314. [PMID: 36605021 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Low-amplitude compound muscle action potential (CMAP) suggests a neuromuscular pathology. Low amplitude will also result from a defective E1 electrode or its lead, that is, a technical artifact. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a defective E2 electrode lead on the CMAP. METHODS The CMAP was recorded using standard nerve conduction methodology and all electrode leads connected properly. Signals were then recorded when either the E1 or the E2 electrode lead was disconnected from the amplifier. This simulated a defective electrode lead. Studies were performed in four nerves of a healthy subject. RESULTS CMAP amplitude was reduced as expected when E1 was disconnected. Surprisingly, the amplitude fell by more than 65% when the E2 lead was disconnected, although E1 was properly connected. DISCUSSION E1 and E2 electrodes contribute to the CMAP. A defective recording electrode lead to E1 or E2 results in a low-amplitude CMAP. The amplitude drop observed with a disconnected E2 lead was far greater than the signal recorded by the E2 electrode. This occurs due to the amplifier's inherent property to reduce the voltage difference between the E1 and E2 inputs. When E2 lead is defective, the CMAP will be an attenuated version of the signal recorded by the E1 electrode, and vice versa. When low-amplitude CMAP amplitude is observed in all conduction studies, technical artifact should be considered before exploring the pathological basis for the abnormal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev D Nandedkar
- Natus Medical, Inc, Middleton, Wisconsin
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paul E Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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31
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Long RW, Urbanski SP, Lincoln E, Colón M, Kaushik S, Krug JD, Vanderpool RW, Landis MS. Summary of PM 2.5 measurement artifacts associated with the Teledyne T640 PM Mass Monitor under controlled chamber experimental conditions using polydisperse ammonium sulfate aerosols and biomass smoke. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:295-312. [PMID: 36716322 PMCID: PMC10112149 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2171156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a major primary pollutant emitted during wildland fires that has the potential to pose significant health risks to individuals/communities who live and work in areas impacted by smoke events. Limiting exposure is the principle measure available to mitigate health impacts of smoke and therefore the accurate determination of ambient PM concentrations during wildland fire events is critical to protecting public health. However, monitoring air pollutants in smoke impacted environments has proven challenging in that measurement interferences or sampling conditions can result in both positive and negative artifacts. The EPA has performed research on methods for the measurement of PM2.5 in a series of laboratory-based studies including evaluation in smoke. This manuscript will summarize the results of the laboratory-based evaluation of federal equivalent method (FEM) monitors for PM2.5 with particular attention being given to the Teledyne-API Model T640 PM Mass monitor, as compared to the filter-based federal reference method (FRM). The T640 is an optical-based PM monitor and has been gaining wide use by state and local agencies in monitoring for PM2.5 U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) attainment. At present, the T640 (includes both T640 and T640×) comprises ~44% of the PM2.5 FEM monitors in U.S. regulatory monitoring networks. In addition, the T640 has increasingly been employed for the higher time resolution comparison/evaluation of low-cost PM sensors including during smoke impacted events. Results from controlled non-smoke laboratory studies using generated ammonium sulfate aerosols demonstrated a generally negative T640 measurement artifact that was significantly related to the PM2.5 concentration and particle size distribution. Results from biomass burning chamber studies demonstrated positive and negative artifacts significantly associated with PM2.5 concentration and optical wavelength-dependent absorption properties of the smoke aerosol.Implications: The results detailed in this paper will provide state and local air monitoring agencies with the tools and knowledge to address PM2.5 measurement challenges in areas frequently impacted by wildland fire smoke. The observed large positive and negative artifacts in the T640 PM mass determination have the potential to result in false exceedances of the PM2.5 NAAQS or in the disqualification of monitoring data through an exceptional event designation. In addition, the observed artifacts in smoke impacted air will have a detrimental effect on providing reliable public information when wildfires occur and also in identifying reference measurements for small sensor evaluation studies. Other PM2.5 FEMs such as the BAM-1022 perform better in smoke and are comparable to the filter-based FRM. Care must be taken in choosing high time resolution FEM monitors that will be operated at smoke impacted sites. Accurate methods, such as the FRM and BAM-1022 will reduce the burden of developing and reviewing exceptional event request packages, data loss/disqualification, and provide states with tools to adequately evaluate public exposure risks and provide accurate public health messaging during wildfire/smoke events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W. Long
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shawn P. Urbanski
- United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Emily Lincoln
- United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Maribel Colón
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Surender Kaushik
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Krug
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Vanderpool
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Landis
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Hu K, Hu X, He T, Liu J, Liu S, Zhang J, Tan Y, Yang X, Wang H, Liang Y, Ye J. Structured Illumination Microscopy of Mitochondrial in Mouse Hepatocytes with an Improved Image Reconstruction Algorithm. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:642. [PMID: 36985049 PMCID: PMC10055965 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a structured illumination microscopy (SIM) image reconstruction algorithm combined with notch function (N-SIM) is proposed. This method suppresses the defocus signal in the imaging process by processing the low-frequency signal of the image. The existing super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm produces streak artifacts caused by defocus signal. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in our study can well suppress the streak artifacts caused by defocused signals during the imaging process without losing the effective information of the image. The image reconstruction algorithm is used to analyze the mouse hepatocytes, and the image processing tool developed by MATLAB is applied to identify, detect and count the reconstructed images of mitochondria and lipid droplets, respectively. It is found that the mitochondrial activity in oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1) overexpressed mouse hepatocytes is higher than that in normal cells, and the interaction with lipid droplets is more obvious. This paper provides a reliable subcellular observation platform, which is very meaningful for biomedical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xuejuan Hu
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- College of Physics and Photoelectric Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting He
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- College of Physics and Photoelectric Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Shiqian Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yadan Tan
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yifei Liang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jianze Ye
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institute, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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Boyer M, Bouyer L, Roy JS, Campeau-Lecours A. Reducing Noise, Artifacts and Interference in Single-Channel EMG Signals: A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2927. [PMID: 36991639 PMCID: PMC10059683 DOI: 10.3390/s23062927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is gaining importance in many research and clinical applications, including muscle fatigue detection, control of robotic mechanisms and prostheses, clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases and quantification of force. However, EMG signals can be contaminated by various types of noise, interference and artifacts, leading to potential data misinterpretation. Even assuming best practices, the acquired signal may still contain contaminants. The aim of this paper is to review methods employed to reduce the contamination of single channel EMG signals. Specifically, we focus on methods which enable a full reconstruction of the EMG signal without loss of information. This includes subtraction methods used in the time domain, denoising methods performed after the signal decomposition and hybrid approaches that combine multiple methods. Finally, this paper provides a discussion on the suitability of the individual methods based on the type of contaminant(s) present in the signal and the specific requirements of the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Boyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouyer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1 V0A, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1 V0A, Canada
| | - Alexandre Campeau-Lecours
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
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Lin CC, Chiu LH, Chang WH, Lin CAJ, Chen RM, Ho YS, Zuo CS, Changou A, Cheng YF, Lai WFT. A Non-Invasive Method for Monitoring Osteogenesis and Osseointegration Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging: A Model of Maxilla Implantation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055032. [PMID: 36902462 PMCID: PMC10003657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, computed tomography and conventional X-ray radiography usually generate a micro-artifact around metal implants. This metal artifact frequently causes false positive or negative diagnoses of bone maturation or pathological peri-implantitis around implants. In an attempt to repair the artifacts, a highly specific nanoprobe, an osteogenic biomarker, and nano-Au-Pamidronate were designed to monitor the osteogenesis. In total, 12 Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and could be chategorized in 3 groups: 4 rats in the X-ray and CT group, 4 rats in the NIRF group, and 4 rats in the sham group. A titanium alloy screw was implanted in the anterior hard palate. The X-ray, CT, and NIRF images were taken 28 days after implantation. The X-ray showed that the tissue surrounded the implant tightly; however, a gap of metal artifacts was noted around the interface between dental implants and palatal bone. Compared to the CT image, a fluorescence image was noted around the implant site in the NIRF group. Furthermore, the histological implant-bone tissue also exhibited a significant NIRF signal. In conclusion, this novel NIRF molecular imaging system precisely identifies the image loss caused by metal artifacts and can be applied to monitoring bone maturation around orthopedic implants. In addition, by observing the new bone formation, a new principle and timetable for an implant osseointegrated with bone can be established and a new type of implant fixture or surface treatment can be evaluated using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chiu
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Walter H. Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J. Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun S. Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Austin Changou
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Fa Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 066008, China
| | - Wen-Fu T. Lai
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Institute of Graduate Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cochlear implant (CI) magnet-related MRI artifact shape and size, as well as imaging indications and clinical adequacy of scans. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing CI and subsequent MRI head imaging from 2014 to 2020 at a single institution. Indications and adequacy of each scan was recorded, and interpretability compared by indication. Magnet-related artifact size was determined by performing ellipsoid modeling at axial slice of greatest signal loss. Artifact radius in centimeters was calculated for 5 sequence categories, and size compared between sequences, manufacturers, and by time from implantation. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent 58 head MRI scans. Approximately 76% of MRIs (n = 44) for 70% of patients (n = 14) were performed for indications known of prior to implantation; the remainder were performed during workup of new issues. Desired structures were interpretable in 23 (52%) of known-indication MRIs and 8 (57%) of new-indication MRIs, without significant difference (P = .751). Magnet-related artifact magnitude, compared to the reference T1-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) (4.47 cm), was similar in T2 FSE (4.57 cm, P = .068) and T1 gradient echo (GRE) sequences (4.79 cm, P = .28), but significantly greater in T2 GRE (6.86, P < .0001) and DWI (7.56 cm, P < .0001) sequences. CONCLUSIONS DWI and T2 GRE sequences are less useful in MRI evaluation of CI patients. With a more favorable artifact profile, T1 FSE, T2 FSE, and T1 GRE sequences more likely yield clinically useful information. The large proportion of scans performed for known pathology represents an opportunity to optimize for magnet location preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Cass
- The Otology Group of Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - John D Ross
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew R O'Malley
- The Otology Group of Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Khurana S, Parasher P, Creanga AG, Geha H. Effect of Mandible Phantom Inclination in the Axial Plane on Image Quality in the Presence of Implant Using Cone-Beam Computer Tomography. Cureus 2023; 15:e36630. [PMID: 37155440 PMCID: PMC10122839 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the effect of 30° phantom inclination on image quality in the presence of an implant using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods Three series of eight scans were taken and categorized by a range of 87-90 kVp and 7.1 mA, and 8 mA. For the first CBCT series, the phantom was placed on a flat plane. For the second series, the phantom was inclined at 30° in the axial plane. For the third series, inclined scans were re-oriented and included for statistics. In total, 24 scans were used for statistics. i.e., eight scans at three different planes (flat plane, inclined plane, and re-oriented inclined plane). All the images were analyzed for artifact and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) on ImageJ software. Results The inclination of the dry human mandible phantom by 30° reduces the artifact (p <0.05). However, the CNR was not affected by the phantom inclination. Conclusion The appropriate inclination of the head can significantly reduce the metal artifact in the presence of implants and thus improve the CBCT image quality for post-operative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Khurana
- Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York City, USA
| | - Pranav Parasher
- Diagnostic Radiology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, USA
| | - Adriana G Creanga
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, USA
| | - Hassem Geha
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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Luan Z, Yu L. [Digital X-ray Machine Carestream DRX-NOVA Fault Maintenance]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2023; 47:115-118. [PMID: 36752019 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the malfunction and maintenance process of Carestream digital X-ray machine DRX-NOVA for reference. METHODS The fault of Carestream digital X-ray machine DRX-NOVA in 2011-2021 was summarized, the fault types were classified, and the maintenance process was summarized. RESULTS Fault types can be divided into three categories, each of which has its own characteristics and specific solutions. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to master the principle of equipment to repair all kinds of equipment failures. Repair the machine should be careful, comprehensive consideration of the cause of the failure. To correctly understand and analyze the operation of the machine under normal conditions, we can accurately analyze the cause of failure, so that we can really solve the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Luan
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao), Qingdao, 266034
| | - Liangning Yu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao), Qingdao, 266034
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38
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Důra M, Štork J, Felšöová A, Sticová E. Diagnostic Pitfalls in Dermatopathology. Cesk Patol 2023; 59:96-103. [PMID: 37805266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermatopathology is a distinct part of pathology revealing the rich association with soft tissue pathology and hematopathology. Regarding the number and diversity of the skin disorders, dermatopathology is a broad specialty encompassing hundreds of diseases. The diagnostics in dermatopathology contains a range of specific features. The article summarizes several practically important pitfalls in dermatopathology. The adequate timing and locality selection for proper sampling are emphasized. The influence of the topical therapy on the histopathological picture is debated. The frequently used surgical procedures in the skin biopsy are presented. The most frequent incidental findings and artifacts in cutaneous pathology are discussed. Problematics of the alopecia examination and direct immunofluorescence are added. Clinical-pathological correlation performed by the pathologist, and subsequently by the dermatologist, is the essential step in the diagnostic process. The knowledge transcending to the other specialty and reciprocal communication are prerequisite for the right diagnosis.
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Zhou Y, Bo F, Tian T, Wu B, Zhu B. Excessive addition split peak formed by the non-templated nucleotide addition property of Taq DNA polymerase after PCR amplification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1180542. [PMID: 37180044 PMCID: PMC10174434 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1180542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its non-template addition feature, Taq DNA polymerase can catalyze one or more extra nucleotides onto the 3' terminus of PCR products. An extra peak is observed at DYS391 locus after the PCR products stored for 4 days at 4°C. To explore the formation mechanism of this artifact, PCR primers and amplicon sequences of Y-STR loci are analyzed, furthermore, PCR products storage conditions and termination of PCR are discussed. The extra peak is a + 2 addition product, which we call excessive addition split peak (EASP). The most significant difference between EASP and the incomplete addition of adenine product is that the size of EASP is about one base larger than the true allele, and the EASP locates on the right side of the real allelic peak. The EASP cannot be eliminated by increasing loading mixture volume and conducting heat denaturation prior to electrophoresis injection. However, the EASP is not observed when the PCR is terminated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or formamide. These findings suggest that formation of EASP is a result of 3' end non-template extension by Taq DNA polymerase, rather than being the result of DNA fragment secondary structure produced under a suboptimal electrophoresis condition. In addition, the EASP formation is affected by the primer sequences and the storage conditions of PCR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Zhou
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Bo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Buling Wu, ; Bofeng Zhu,
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Buling Wu, ; Bofeng Zhu,
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Byvaltsev VA, Kalinin AA, Aliyev MA, Riew KD. Postoperative MRI Visualization of the Cervical Spine Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Prospective Single-Center Comparison of a Titanium and Cobalt-Chromium Prosthesis. Global Spine J 2023; 13:67-73. [PMID: 33504201 PMCID: PMC9837519 DOI: 10.1177/2192568221991105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective non-randomized single-center cohort study. OBJECTIVES To analyze the quality of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 2 structurally different cervical disc arthroplasty devices at the index and adjacent levels. METHODS A non-randomized, comparative, prospective, single-center study included 40 patients (23 men and 17 women) aged 32 (26-40) years. Two study groups were utilized: in the first (n = 20), a titanium prosthesis was used; in the second (n = 20), a cobalt-chromium implant was used. Evaluation of MRI studies before and after surgery was performed using sagittal and axial T2 weighted images by 2 specialists who were blinded to the prosthesis that was used. To determine the quality of an MRI image, the classification of Jarvik 2000, the radiological and orthopedic scales for assessing artifacts were used. RESULTS There was good-to-excellent inter-observer agreement for all of the MR parameters used for the titanium and satisfactory-to-good for the cobalt chromium group. The analysis of the quality of postoperative imaging using the Jarvik 2000 scale showed a statistically significant deterioration in MR images in the cobalt chromium group (P < 0.001), compared to the titanium (P = 0.091). Following a single-level total arthroplasty, the titanium group had better MRI images according to radiological and orthopedic scales (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Titanium cervical disc arthroplasty devices result in superior postoperative MR imaging, as compared to cobalt chromium prostheses, as the latter significantly reduces image quality due to the pronounced ferromagnetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk,
Russia
- Vadim A. Byvaltsev, Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia; Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Andrei A. Kalinin
- Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk,
Russia
| | | | - K. Daniel Riew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery,
Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
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Oouchi S, Kamada M, Sasaki T, Chiba T, Oota Y, Abe S. [Investigation of a Compensation Filter for Reduction of Dark Band Artifact in the Head and Neck CT]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:1436-1444. [PMID: 36418071 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2022-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dark band (DB) artifact in head and neck computed tomography (CT) is caused by beam hardening (BH), and decreased CT values in the X-ray target become a problem. Therefore, we investigated whether it is possible to reduce DB artifact in the head and neck with a compensation filter. METHODS We made 2 types of filters with alcohol and water. We set each of these filters in front of the chest phantom's clavicle and evaluated DB artifact. The evaluation method measured CT values in the DB artifact area and background (BG) area by changing each compensation filter thickness and the distance between the chest phantom's surface and each compensation filter. In addition, we measured average standard deviation (SD) in the BG area by the presence of each compensation filter. RESULTS CT values in the DB artifact area were approximate to those in the BG area by setting the thickness of each compensation filter to more than 30 mm. Furthermore, these CT values were decreased by separating the distance between the chest phantom's surface and each compensation filter. Average SD in the BG area showed no significant difference between no filter and each compensation filter. CONCLUSION It was possible to reduce DB artifact by a compensation filter for DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Oouchi
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital
| | - Masayoshi Kamada
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Uchimaru Medical Center
| | - Tadashi Sasaki
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital
| | - Takuya Chiba
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital
| | - Yoshitaka Oota
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Uchimaru Medical Center
| | - Shun Abe
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital
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Stankus V, Navickas P, Slušnienė A, Laucevičienė I, Stankus A, Laucevičius A. A Novel Adaptive Noise Elimination Algorithm in Long RR Interval Sequences for Heart Rate Variability Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9213. [PMID: 36501915 PMCID: PMC9741331 DOI: 10.3390/s22239213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As heart rate variability (HRV) studies become more and more prevalent in clinical practice, one of the most common and significant causes of errors is associated with distorted RR interval (RRI) data acquisition. The nature of such artifacts can be both mechanical as well as software based. Various currently used noise elimination in RRI sequences methods use filtering algorithms that eliminate artifacts without taking into account the fact that the whole RRI sequence time cannot be shortened or lengthened. Keeping that in mind, we aimed to develop an artifacts elimination algorithm suited to long-term (hours or days) sequences that does not affect the overall structure of the RRI sequence and does not alter the duration of data registration. An original adaptive smart time series step-by-step analysis and statistical verification methods were used. The adaptive algorithm was designed to maximize the reconstruction of the heart-rate structure and is suitable for use, especially in polygraphy. The authors submit the scheme and program for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Stankus
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Petras Navickas
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anžela Slušnienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Laucevičienė
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albinas Stankus
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Smith AJ. Rare Paradoxical Response of Tachyarrhythmia to Adenosine Complicated by Novel ECG Artifact. Cureus 2022; 14:e31827. [PMID: 36579198 PMCID: PMC9787696 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. We report a rare case of adenosine use associated with the development of 1:1 atrial flutter with aberrancy. The diagnosis was further complicated by a newly described ECG artifact associated with Wireless Acquisition Module (WAMTM) ECG acquisition mimicking rhythm irregularity.
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You SH, Cho Y, Kim B, Yang KS, Kim BK, Park SE. Synthetic Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Generation Model Based on Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network Using PETRA-MRA in the Patients With Treated Intracranial Aneurysm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1513-1528. [PMID: 35142407 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is useful for evaluating intracranial aneurysm recurrence, but the problem of severe background noise and low peripheral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remain. Deep learning could reduce noise using high- and low-quality images. PURPOSE To develop a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN)-based deep learning model to generate synthetic TOF (synTOF) using PETRA. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION A total of 377 patients (mean age: 60 ± 11; 293 females) with treated intracranial aneurysms who underwent both PETRA and TOF from October 2017 to January 2021. Data were randomly divided into training (49.9%, 188/377) and validation (50.1%, 189/377) groups. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Ultra-short echo time and TOF-MRA on a 3-T MR system. ASSESSMENT For the cycleGAN model, the peak SNR (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were evaluated. Image quality was compared qualitatively (5-point Likert scale) and quantitatively (SNR). A multireader diagnostic optimality evaluation was performed with 17 radiologists (experience of 1-18 years). STATISTICAL TESTS Generalized estimating equation analysis, Friedman's test, McNemar test, and Spearman's rank correlation. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS The PSNR and SSIM between synTOF and TOF were 17.51 [16.76; 18.31] dB and 0.71 ± 0.02. The median values of overall image quality, noise, sharpness, and vascular conspicuity were significantly higher for synTOF than for PETRA (4.00 [4.00; 5.00] vs. 4.00 [3.00; 4.00]; 5.00 [4.00; 5.00] vs. 3.00 [2.00; 4.00]; 4.00 [4.00; 4.00] vs. 4.00 [3.00; 4.00]; 3.00 [3.00; 4.00] vs. 3.00 [2.00; 3.00]). The SNRs of the middle cerebral arteries were the highest for synTOF (synTOF vs. TOF vs. PETRA; 63.67 [43.25; 105.00] vs. 52.42 [32.88; 74.67] vs. 21.05 [12.34; 37.88]). In the multireader evaluation, there was no significant difference in diagnostic optimality or preference between synTOF and TOF (19.00 [18.00; 19.00] vs. 20.00 [18.00; 20.00], P = 0.510; 8.00 [6.00; 11.00] vs. 11.00 [9.00, 14.00], P = 1.000). DATA CONCLUSION The cycleGAN-based deep learning model provided synTOF free from background artifact. The synTOF could be a versatile alternative to TOF in patients who have undergone PETRA for evaluating treated aneurysms. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hye You
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Yongwon Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyu Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Park
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
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Calder S, Schamberg G, Varghese C, Waite S, Sebaratnam G, Woodhead JST, Du P, Andrews C, O'Grady G, Gharibans AA. An automated artifact detection and rejection system for body surface gastric mapping. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14421. [PMID: 35699347 PMCID: PMC9786272 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a new clinical tool for gastric motility diagnostics, providing high-resolution data on gastric myoelectrical activity. Artifact contamination was a key challenge to reliable test interpretation in traditional electrogastrography. This study aimed to introduce and validate an automated artifact detection and rejection system for clinical BSGM applications. METHODS Ten patients with chronic gastric symptoms generated a variety of artifacts according to a standardized protocol (176 recordings) using a commercial BSGM system (Alimetry, New Zealand). An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed, and its performance was compared with a reference standard comprising consensus labeling by 3 analysis experts, followed by comparison with 6 clinicians (3 untrained and 3 trained in artifact detection). Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' kappa. KEY RESULTS Inter-rater reliability was 0.84 (95% CI:0.77-0.90) among experts, 0.76 (95% CI:0.68-0.83) among untrained clinicians, and 0.71 (95% CI:0.62-0.79) among trained clinicians. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm against experts was 96% (95% CI:91%-100%) and 95% (95% CI:90%-99%), respectively, vs 77% (95% CI:68%-85%) and 99% (95% CI:96%-100%) against untrained clinicians, and 97% (95% CI:92%-100%) and 88% (95% CI:82%-94%) against trained clinicians. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed showing >95% sensitivity and specificity vs expert markers. This algorithm overcomes an important challenge in the clinical translation of BSGM and is now being routinely implemented in patient test interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Varghese
- Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Christopher N. Andrews
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Greg O'Grady
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Armen A. Gharibans
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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Xiao J, Shen Q, Chen XD. Uncovering eco-friendly design in the ancient bronze goose-and-fish lamp: an unnoticeable gap boosts ventilation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202037119. [PMID: 35939673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202037119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronze goose-and-fish lamp exhibited in the national museum of China is a 2,000-y-old artifact once used for indoor lighting by nobility in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE TO 25 CE). The beauty of this national treasure arises from its elegant shape vividly showing a goose catching fish with beautiful colors painted over the whole body. Beyond the artistic and historical value, what enchants people most is the eco-design concept of this oil-burning lamp. It is widely believed that the smoke generated by burning animal oil can flow into the goose belly through its long neck, then be absorbed by prefilled water in the belly, hence mitigating indoor air pollution. Although different mechanistic hypotheses such as natural convection and even the siphon effect have been proposed to qualitatively rationalize the above-claimed pollution mitigation function, due to the absence of a true scientific analysis, the definitive mechanism remains a mystery. By rigorous modeling of the nonisothermal fluid flow coupled with convection-diffusion of pollutant within and out of the lamp, we discover that it is the unnoticeable gap between goose body and lamp tray (i.e., an intrinsic feature of the multicompartmental design) that can offer definitive ventilation in the lamp. The ventilation is facilitated by natural convection due to oil burning. Adequate ventilation plays a key role in enabling pollution mitigation, as it allows pollutant to reach the goose belly, travel over and be absorbed by the water.
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Weiler M, Casseb RF, de Campos BM, Crone JS, Lutkenhoff ES, Vespa PM, Monti MM. Evaluating denoising strategies in resting-state functional magnetic resonance in traumatic brain injury (EpiBioS4Rx). Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4640-4649. [PMID: 35723510 PMCID: PMC9491287 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI is increasingly used in the clinical setting and is now included in some diagnostic guidelines for severe brain injury patients. However, to ensure high-quality data, one should mitigate fMRI-related noise typical of this population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ability of different preprocessing strategies to mitigate noise-related signal (i.e., in-scanner movement and physiological noise) in functional connectivity (FC) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. We applied nine commonly used denoising strategies, combined into 17 pipelines, to 88 TBI patients from the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Anti-epileptogenic Therapy clinical trial. Pipelines were evaluated by three quality control (QC) metrics across three exclusion regimes based on the participant's head movement profile. While no pipeline eliminated noise effects on FC, some pipelines exhibited relatively high effectiveness depending on the exclusion regime. Once high-motion participants were excluded, the choice of denoising pipeline becomes secondary - although this strategy leads to substantial data loss. Pipelines combining spike regression with physiological regressors were the best performers, whereas pipelines that used automated data-driven methods performed comparatively worse. In this study, we report the first large-scale evaluation of denoising pipelines aimed at reducing noise-related FC in a clinical population known to be highly susceptible to in-scanner motion and significant anatomical abnormalities. If resting-state functional magnetic resonance is to be a successful clinical technique, it is crucial that procedures mitigating the effect of noise be systematically evaluated in the most challenging populations, such as TBI datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raphael F Casseb
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brunno M de Campos
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia S Crone
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evan S Lutkenhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M Vespa
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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48
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Okayama K, Ishii Y, Fujii M, Oda M, Okodo M. Causation of cornflake artifacts: Possible association of poor dehydration with drying before mounting in Papanicolaou stain. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:E301-E305. [PMID: 35712848 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cornflake artifacts are artifacts that commonly occur while the mounted medium starts to evaporate before coverslipping. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to the occurrence of these artifacts in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Residual specimens were used after cytology to microscopically evaluate various effects on cornflake artifacts. Four SurePath™ liquid cytology (LBC) cell specimens, diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), were used. Each LBC smear was subjected to Pap staining under four different conditions (A, without air-drying; B, air-drying after dehydration; C, air-drying after xylene immersion; and D, air-drying after dehydration and xylene immersion) using two methods: conventional and poor dehydration. Cornflake artifacts were not observed in A and B in Pap staining. By contrast, cornflake artifacts were observed in conventional and poor dehydration methods when dried after xylene immersion. When comparing the four conditions, smears B and D, which were both air-dried after dehydration, had fewer cornflake artifacts than smear C, which was air-dried only after xylene. Therefore, the remaining water in the cells due to poor dehydration during xylene immersion is found to result in the development of cornflake artifacts. The present study revealed that cornflake artifacts in Pap smears are caused by poor dehydration in addition to drying before mounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okayama
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki-shi, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Fujii
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizue Oda
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Okodo
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Lee H, Graham SJ, Kuo W, Lin F. Ballistocardiogram suppression in concurrent EEG-MRI by dynamic modeling of heartbeats. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4444-4457. [PMID: 35695703 PMCID: PMC9435020 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ballistocardiogram (BCG), the induced electric potentials by the head motion originating from heartbeats, is a prominent source of noise in electroencephalography (EEG) data during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although methods have been proposed to suppress the BCG artifact, more work considering the variability of cardiac cycles and head motion across time and subjects is needed to provide highly robust correction. Here, a method called "dynamic modeling of heartbeats" (DMH) is proposed to reduce BCG artifacts in EEG data recorded inside an MRI system. The DMH method models BCG artifacts by combining EEG points at time instants with similar dynamics. The modeled BCG artifact is then subtracted from the EEG recording to suppress the BCG artifact. Performance of DMH was tested and specifically compared with the Optimal Basis Set (OBS) method on EEG data recorded inside a 3T MRI system with either no MRI acquisition (Inside-MRI), echo-planar imaging (EPI-EEG), or fast MRI acquisition using simultaneous multi-slice and inverse imaging methods (SMS-InI-EEG). In a steady-state visual evoked response (SSVEP) paradigm, the 15-Hz oscillatory neuronal activity at the visual cortex after DMH processing was about 130% of that achieved by OBS processing for Inside-MRI, SMS-InI-EEG, and EPI-EEG conditions. The DMH method is computationally efficient for suppressing BCG artifacts and in the future may help to improve the quality of EEG data recorded in high-field MRI systems for neuroscientific and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin‐Ju Lee
- Physical Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Physical Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Wen‐Jui Kuo
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang Ming Chiao‐Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Brain Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming Chiao‐Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Fa‐Hsuan Lin
- Physical Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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50
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Johnson TJ, Baker TJ, Bradley AM, Yokosuk MO, Myers TL. Twice-Modulated Light in Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers from Reflective Samples: Avoiding Distorted Intensity Values. Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:620-624. [PMID: 35220757 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211066336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We document an artifact associated with the back reflection from samples or sampling accessories in Fourier transform spectrometers. Samples oriented normal to the incoming modulated beam can reflect light back to the interferometer and this light (the percentage dependent on the sample's refractive index) is modulated by the interferometer a second time resulting in light erroneously appearing at twice its true frequency. The phenomenon occurs across the spectrum but is most apparent when positive-going narrow absorption peaks at 1f display as negative-going peaks at 2f. We have redressed the artifact by implementing a rotation stage directly beneath the sample holder: As the stage is rotated through small angles relative to beam normal, the back-reflected light does not enter the interferometer and the artifact disappears. The observation is relevant to several IR sampling methods: gas/liquid cells, alkali halide pellets, reflectance accessories, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy J Baker
- 6865Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Tanya L Myers
- 6865Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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