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Mora-Criollo P, Basu R, Qian Y, Funk K, Bell S, Young JA, List EO, Costales JA, Guevara-Aguirre J, Grijalva MJ, Kopchick JJ. High growth hormone serum partially protects mice against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 37163287 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most devasting parasitic diseases in the Americas, affecting 7 to 8 million people worldwide. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) serum levels decrease as CD progresses. Interestingly, inactivating mutations in the GH receptor in humans result in Laron syndrome (LS), a clinical entity characterized by increased serum levels of GH and decreased insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The largest cohort of LS subjects lives in the southern provinces of Ecuador. Remarkably, no clinical CD cases have been reported in these individuals despite living in highly endemic areas. In the current ex vivo study, we employed serum from GHR -/- mice, also known as LS mice (a model of GH resistance with high GH and low IGF-1 levels), and serum from bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice (high GH and IGF-1), to test the effect on T. cruzi infection. We infected mouse fibroblast L-cells with Trypanosoma cruzi (etiological CD infectious agent) and treated them with serum from each mouse type. Treatment with GHR-/- serum (LS mice) significantly decreased L-cell infection by 28% compared to 48% from control wild-type mouse serum (WT). Treatment with bGH mouse serum significantly decreased infection of cells by 41% compared to 54% from WT controls. Our results suggest that high GH and low IGF-1 in blood circulation, as typically seen in LS individuals, confers partial protection against T. cruzi infection. This study is the first to report decreased T. cruzi infection using serum collected from two modified mouse lines with altered GH action (GHR-/- and bGH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaime A Costales
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
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Basu A, McFarlane HG, Kopchick JJ. Spatial learning and memory in male mice with altered growth hormone action. Horm Behav 2017; 93:18-30. [PMID: 28389277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has a significant influence on cognitive performance in humans and other mammals. To understand the influence of altered GH action on cognition, we assessed spatial learning and memory using a Barnes maze (BM) comparing twelve-month old, male, bovine GH (bGH) and GH receptor antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice and their corresponding wild type (WT) littermates. During the acquisition training period in the BM, bGH mice showed increased latency, traveled longer path lengths and made more errors to reach the target than WT mice, indicating significantly poorer learning. Short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) trials showed significantly suppressed memory retention in bGH mice when compared to the WT group. Conversely, GHA mice showed significantly better learning parameters (latency, path length and errors) and increased use of an efficient search strategy than WT mice. Our study indicates a negative impact of GH excess and a beneficial effect of the inhibition of GH action on spatial learning and memory and, therefore, cognitive performance in male mice. Further research to elucidate GH's role in brain function will facilitate identifying therapeutic applications of GH or GHA for neuropathological and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Insitute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.
| | | | - John J Kopchick
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.
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Abstract
A major focus of biogerontology is elucidating the role(s) of the endocrine system in aging and the accumulation of age-related diseases. Endocrine control of mammalian longevity was first reported in Ames dwarf (Prop1df) mice, which are long-lived due to a recessive Prop1 loss-of-function mutation resulting in deficiency of growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. Following this report, several other GH-related mutants with altered longevity have been described including long-lived Snell dwarf and growth hormone receptor knockout mice, and short-lived GH overexpressing transgenic mice. One of the emerging areas of interest in these mutant mice is the role of adipose tissue in their altered healthspan and lifespan. Here, we provide an overview of the alterations in body composition of GH-related mutants, as well as the altered thermogenic potential of their brown adipose tissue and the altered cellular senescence and adipokine production of their white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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