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Liu Z, Liu J, Zhao L, Geng H, Ma J, Zhang Z, Yu D, Zhong C. [Corrigendum] Curcumin reverses benzidine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via suppression of ERK5/AP-1 in SV-40 immortalized human urothelial cells. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:85. [PMID: 37326030 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the publication of the above article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, for the Transwell invasion assays shown in Fig. 5D on p. 1326, the images selected for the '0 μM benzidine / 0 μM curcumin' and '0 μM benzidine / 1 μM curcumin' experiments were overlapping, such that these data appeared to have been derived from the same original source. After having consulted their original data, the authors have realized that the '0 μM benzidine / 1 μM curcumin' data panel was selected incorrectly. The revised version of Fig. 5, showing the correct data for the '0 μM benzidine / 1 μM curcumin' data panel in Fig. 5D, is shown on the next page. The authors regret that this error went unnoticed prior to the publication of this article, and thank the Editor of International Journal of Oncology for allowing them the opportunity to publish this corrigendum. All the authors agree with the publication of this corrigendum; furthermore, they also apologize to the readership of the journal for any inconvenience caused.[International Journal of Oncology 50: 1321‑1329, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3887].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Liu
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Ma
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of urology, The Second affiliated Hospital of anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical university, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Wang D, Xie D, Bi L, Wang Y, Zou C, Chen L, Geng H, Qian W, Li Y, Sun H, Wang X, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhong C. Benzidine promotes the stemness of bladder cancer stem cells via activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 33552265 PMCID: PMC7798036 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of the initiation, progression and recurrence of tumors. Benzidine has been identified as a risk factor for bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of benzidine on bladder CSCs (BCSCs) and the possible mechanism underlying its action. The bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC-3 and EJ were maintained in serum-free medium and cells forming three-dimensional spheres were characterized as BCSCs. The sphere-forming cells were exposed to different concentrations of benzidine and vismodegib, and western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of markers associated with CSCs and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distribution of cells in different phases of the cell cycle, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein expression of CD44. The results revealed that the levels of BCSC markers, namely CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-A1, Nanog and octamer-binding transcription factor-4, in the cell spheres were markedly elevated compared with those in cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Furthermore, benzidine increased the expression of BCSC markers and promoted the sphere-forming ability of the cells. In addition, it was observed that benzidine activated the SHH pathway, while inhibition of the Shh pathway using vismodegib diminished the promoting effects of benzidine on BCSCs. The findings of the present study indicate that benzidine promoted the stemness of BCSCs via activation of the SHH pathway, which may support further exploration of the molecular basis of the association between benzidine exposure and bladder oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdian Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ci Zou
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Youlu Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Cai G, Ge K, Ouyang X, Hu Y, Li G. Thin-layer chromatography combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering for rapid detection of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on gold nanoparticle doped metal-organic framework. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2834-2841. [PMID: 32306540 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a rapid and sensitive thin-layer chromatography combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method was established for rapid detection of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on Au nanoparticle doped metal-organic framework. Benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were firstly separated by thin-layer chromatography to solve the limitation of their overlapping Raman peaks. Then the target molecules were monitored by adding AuNPs/MIL-101(Cr) on the sample spots. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl can be quantitatively measured in the range of 2.0-20.0 and1.0-15.0 μg/L, respectively with good linear relationship, and the limits of detection were 0.21 and 0.23 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was applied to analyze benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl in migration of different food contact materials. The recoveries of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl for migration of food contact materials, including paper cups, polypropylene food containers, and polyethylene glycol terephthalate bottles, were 80.6-116.0 and 80.7-118% with relative standard deviations of 1.1-9.1 and 3.1-9.9%, respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection was performed conveniently in the on-plate mode without additional elution process. The method shows great potential in rapid monitoring of hazardous substances with overlapping characteristic Raman peaks in food contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Cai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ge
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Huang Y, Huang S, Wu Y, Peng M, Zhang X, Wang J, Hu J. Lipoxygenase Protein Expression and Its Effect on Oxidative Stress Caused by Benzidine in Normal Human Urothelial Cell Lines. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:121-128. [PMID: 30739549 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819827495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic activation of indirect-acting carcinogens in the target organ is an effective mechanism of carcinogenesis. Lipoxygenase (LOX) can co-oxidize the bladder carcinogen benzidine (BZ). However, it is not entirely clear whether BZ is activated and which enzyme is involved in its activation in bladder epithelial cells. Our results showed that BZ induced 5-LOX protein expression but had no significant influence on the expression of 15-LOX-2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 in SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial SV-HUC-1 cells. BZ induced oxidative stress in SV-HUC-1 cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels significantly in the 100 and 200 μmol/L-BZ-treated groups and decreased the level of the antioxidant reduced glutathione significantly at 200 μmol/L BZ. Concurrently, the activity of catalase was increased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased at 50 μmol/L BZ but gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of BZ ( P < 0.05). However, the oxidative stress and damage in SV-HUC-1 cells caused by BZ were effectively inhibited by the 5-LOX-specific inhibitor AA861 at 10 μmol/L. Thus, 5-LOX is probably the major LOX isozyme to co-oxidize exogenous chemicals in SV-HUC-1 cells. AA861 has a protective effect on the oxidative stress and damage induced by BZ in SV-HUC-1 cells. We conclude that BZ can be activated by 5-LOX to produce ROS and oxidative stress, which may be associated with bladder cancer caused by BZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoling Huang
- 2 Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Wu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minlan Peng
- 3 Changde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changde, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- 4 Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- 5 Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianan Hu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang M, Tang F, Xu J, Zhang W, Cheng X, Wang L. [Rapid determination of benzidine, picric acid, carbaryl, atrazine, and deltamethrin in surface water by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2018; 36:866-872. [PMID: 30251514 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2018.04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method requiring no pre-treatment steps other than filtration, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), has been developed and applied for the rapid determination of benzidine, picric acid, carbaryl, atrazine, and deltamethrin residues in surface water. Water samples were filtered with a 0.2-μ m syringe filter for particle removal and injected directly into the UPLC instrument. The separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column utilizing a gradient elution program of methanol (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and water (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate) as the mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring scanning in positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionization mode. Good linearity was observed in the range 0.10-10.0 μ g/L or 1.00-100 μ g/L for different targets with correlation coefficients of 0.996-0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.01-0.22 μ g/L. The recoveries ranged between 81.4% and 113% at three spiked levels with relative standard deviations (n=6) between 0.84% and 14.0%. The developed method was applied to the analysis of surface waters (river water and reservoir water) from Hangzhou; atrazine and deltamethrin were detected in part of the analyzed samples. This proposed method was characterized by high sensitivity and precision, extensive analytical range, and a high analytical rate, and showed suitability for the analysis of the five named pollutants in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Fangliang Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jianfen Xu
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xinliang Cheng
- Chun'an Environmental Monitoring Station, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou 310007, China
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Zhao L, Zhang T, Geng H, Liu ZQ, Liang ZF, Zhang ZQ, Min J, Yu DX, Zhong CY. MAPK/AP-1 pathway regulates benzidine-induced cell proliferation through the control of cell cycle in human normal bladder epithelial cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4628-4634. [PMID: 30197677 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Long-term exposure to benzidine is one of the major causes of bladder cancer. However, the mechanism of benzidine-induced bladder cancer is not yet sufficiently characterized. Dysregulated cell proliferation serves a critical role in cancer initiation and development; whether benzidine promotes cell proliferation, and the role of MAPKs in this process, have not previously been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the benzidine-induced modulation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling cascades on cell proliferation in SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1). It was identified that benzidine exposure enhanced the proliferation of SV-HUC-1 cells, promoted the transition of cells from G1 to S phase and altered the expression level of cell cycle-associated genes at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, exposure of the SV-HUC-1 cells to benzidine was associated with the activation of MAPKs, including extracellular regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase. The downstream target of MAPKs, AP-1 monomers, was also activated. Benzidine-induced proliferation was reversed by MAPK-specific inhibitors. Thus, the present study demonstrated that benzidine enhances the proliferation of bladder cells via activating the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, which may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of benzidine-initiated bladder tumorigenesis, as well as cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qi Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Feng Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Examination, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Sun X, Zhang T, Deng Q, Zhou Q, Sun X, Li E, Yu D, Zhong C. Benzidine Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Activation of ERK5 Pathway. Mol Cells 2018; 41:188-197. [PMID: 29463068 PMCID: PMC5881092 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzidine, a known carcinogen, is closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in BC progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), in regulating benzidine-induced EMT remains unclarified. Hence, two human bladder cell lines, T24 and EJ, were utilized in our study. Briefly, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Quantitative PCR and western blot were utilized to determine both gene expressions as well as protein levels of EMT and MAPK, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected to further determine ERK5 function. As a result, the migration and invasion abilities were enhanced, epithelial marker expression was decreased while mesenchymal marker expression was increased in human BC cell lines. Meanwhile, benzidine administration led to activation of ERK5 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins, without effective stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. Moreover, Benzidine-induced EMT and ERK5 activation were completely suppressed by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Of note, ERK1/2 was activated in benzidine-treated T24 cells, while benzidine-induced EMT could not be reversed by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, as indicated by further study. Collectively, our findings revealed that ERK5-mediated EMT was critically involved in benzidine-correlated BC progression, indicating the therapeutic significance of ERK5 in benzidine-related BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Second Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Qirui Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Enlai Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032,
PR China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166,
PR China
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Tomioka K, Saeki K, Obayashi K, Kurumatani N. Risk of Lung Cancer in Workers Exposed to Benzidine and/or Beta-Naphthylamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:447-58. [PMID: 26947956 PMCID: PMC5008964 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzidine (BZ) and beta-naphthylamine (BNA) have been classified as definite human carcinogens for bladder cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to BZ and/or BNA and lung cancer has been inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk for lung cancer among workers exposed to BZ/BNA. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that had reported occupational BZ/BNA exposure and the outcome of interest (lung cancer death and/or incidence). Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models to combine standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) or standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). We identified 23 retrospective cohort studies including 1745 cases of lung cancer; only one study reported smoking-adjusted lung cancer risk. A significantly increased lung cancer risk (pooled SMR/SIR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.43) was observed by combining all studies, with significant heterogeneity among studies (I(2) = 64.1%, P < 0.001). Effect estimates were higher for studies with direct BZ/BNA exposure (ie, dyestuff and manufacturing industries) (pooled SMR/SIR 1.58; 95% CI, 1.31-1.89), and studies that identified BZ/BNA-associated bladder cancer with SMR/SIR ≥4.7 (pooled SMR/SIR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.35-2.09). Effect estimates were similar for studies with and without concomitant occupational exposure to chromium, asbestos, arsenic, or bis(chloromethyl) ether. The cumulative meta-analysis showed that the evidence of association between occupational BZ/BNA exposure and lung cancer has been stable since 1995. Although the results of this meta-analysis have the potential for confounding by smoking and heterogeneity, our findings suggest that a finding of lung cancer following occupational BZ/BNA exposure should be considered to be a potential occupational disease.
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Chen MHC, Hsu LC, Wu JL, Yeh CW, Tsai JN, Hseu YC, Hsu LS. Exposure to benzidine caused apoptosis and malformation of telencephalon region in zebrafish. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:1428-1436. [PMID: 23766236 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to benzidine has been known to induce human cancers, particularly bladder carcinomas. In this study, the zebrafish model was used to investigate the developmental toxicity of benzidine. Embryos at 6 h postfertilization (hpf) that were exposed to benzidine exhibited embryonic death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Benzidine induced malformations in zebrafish, such as small brain development, shorter axes, and a slight pericardial edema. High concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM) of benzidine triggered widespread apoptosis in the brain and dorsal neurons, as evidenced by acridine orange and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis also showed that benzidine treatment affected p53, bax, and noxa expression. Decreases in specific brain markers, such as emx1 in the telencephalon, ngn1 in differentiated neurons, and otx2 in the midbrain, were observed in benzidine-treated embryos at 24 hpf. Conversely, no overt changes to pax2.1 expression in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary were found. Moreover, the use of Tg(HuC:GFP) zebrafish showed that benzidine caused a malformation of the telencephalon region. Our findings show that benzidine exposure triggers widespread apoptosis in the zebrafish brain and dorsal neurons, resulting in the development of an abnormal telencephalon.
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Tomioka K, Saeki K, Obayashi K, Tanaka Y, Kurumatani N. Risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine and/or beta-naphthylamine: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2014; 3:112. [PMID: 25281283 PMCID: PMC4186647 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine (BZ) and/or beta-naphthylamine (BNA), which are well-known bladder carcinogens, has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but individual epidemiological studies generally lack the power to examine the association between BZ/BNA exposure and lung cancer. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk for lung cancer among workers exposed to BZ/BNA occupationally. METHODS/DESIGN Studies will be identified by a MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDSR, and CINAHL search and by the reference lists of articles/relevant reviews. Eligible studies will be cohort and case-control studies that report occupational BZ/BNA exposure and the outcome of interest (lung cancer death/incidence). The method of meta-analysis will be used to combine standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and/or standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) from retrospective and prospective cohort studies and odds ratios (ORs) from case-control studies. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data, and assess scientific quality using standardized forms and published quality assessment tools tailored for each study design. Overall pooled risk estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be obtained using random effects model. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, and results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. DISCUSSION This review will identify and synthesize studies of the association between occupational BZ/BNA exposure and lung cancer. The findings will help to identify whether BZ/BNA could cause lung cancer and might indicate whether workers with exposure to BZ/BNA have a need for preventive measures against non-urological cancer besides bladder cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42014010250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuu Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Bae IH, Choi JK, Chough C, Keum SJ, Kim H, Jang SK, Kim BM. Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitors Containing a Benzidine Core. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:255-8. [PMID: 24900814 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of a series of potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitors based on the benzidine prolinamide backbone. Taking a simple synthetic route, we developed a novel inhibitor structure, which allows easy modification, and through optimization of the capping group, we identified compound 6 with highly potent anti-HCV activity. Compound 6 is nontoxic and is anticipated to be an effective HCV drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hak Bae
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Chieyeon Chough
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Keum
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Heesun Kim
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - B. Moon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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