1
|
Preuß B, Frank A, Terjung B, Spengler U, Berg C, Klein R. Autoantibodies to beta tubulin in autoimmune liver diseases-Relation to pANCA and clinical relevance. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:146-158. [PMID: 37823420 PMCID: PMC11036111 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There was evidence that perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in autoimmune liver diseases react with human beta-tubulin-5 (TBB5). Here, we reevaluate the specificity and clinical relevance of anti-TBB5 antibodies. Patients with untreated autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; n = 53), AIH under immunosuppressive therapy (AIH-IS; n = 125), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC; n = 40), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; n = 250), nonautoimmune liver diseases (n = 158), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; n = 30), and healthy individuals (n = 62) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG- and IgA-antibodies against recombinant human TBB5. pANCA were detected by immunofluorescence test. Sera were absorbed with TBB5 coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose. Prevalence and reactivity of IgG anti-TBB5 were significantly higher in patients with untreated AIH (68%; arbitrary units [AU] median: 369) than in PSC (28%; AU median: 84, P < 0.001), other liver diseases (14%; AU median: 185, P < 0.0001), IBD (3%; AU median: 111, P < 0.0001), and healthy controls (3%; AU median: 135; P < 0.0001). Anti-TBB5 did not correlate with pANCA, and immunoprecipitation with TBB5 did not abolish pANCA reactivity. In untreated AIH, anti-TBB5-reactivity was significantly higher than in AIH-IS. Transaminases decreased under IS preferentially in anti-TBB5-negative patients. There was no correlation between anti-TBB5-reactivity and histological stages. IgA-anti-TBB5 was mainly found in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD; 39%). Our data do not support TBB5 as an autoantigenic target of pANCA. However, IgG-anti-TBB5 showed high specificity for (untreated) AIH. While they did not correlate with histological and laboratory parameters, their presence may indicate a poor response to IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Preuß
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Amelie Frank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Terjung
- Department of Gastroenterology, GFO Kliniken Bonn, St. Josef Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nephrology, Infectious Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Infectiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morrison ME. Virtual/Remote Labs for Fluorescent Immunocytochemistry or Western Blotting: The Next Best Thing to Being There. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2022; 20:A219-A225. [PMID: 38323057 PMCID: PMC10653236 DOI: 10.59390/xcgj3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The SARS CoV-2 pandemic forced many college courses to convert to remote instruction almost overnight in the middle of the spring 2020 teaching semester. This article presents two molecular biology labs formerly performed in person by students but converted into virtual labs. The virtual immunocytochemistry experiment teaches the specificity of antibody staining, principles of fluorescent microscopy, diversity of brain cell types and morphologies, and journal article Figure construction skills. The virtual Western blotting experiment teaches sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the specificity of antibody binding, and graph creation and interpretation skills. Both virtual experiments use professionally-produced web-based videos of scientists conducting the lab procedures. Students must answer questions about the techniques and analyze real experimental data generated by past students to take a quiz and write a journal article-style lab report. At the whole-class level, student quiz and lab report scores from these virtual labs were not statistically different from those from the in-person versions of the same labs from a previous semester, using t tests with the Bonferroni correction. On the virtual Western blot quiz, students who did the virtual version actually scored higher than students who did the in-person version. These results were significant when the 2020 data were analyzed by within-student paired t tests for in-person labs done before COVID-19 versus those done virtually after dismissal for all-remote instruction. The students learned the laboratory concepts and data analysis skills just as well virtually as their predecessors had in person. However, the students trained virtually reported that they could not enter the lab and actually do Western blotting or fluorescent immunocytochemistry with their own hands without extensive additional training. These virtual experiments can be done with data included in the supplemental materials or can easily be adapted for any micrographs or Western blotting images available from previous lab experiments, or in the published literature. When COVID-19 or other public health emergencies necessitate remote instruction and we can't use the best practice of hands-on lab work, virtual labs can be the next best thing to being there.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Morrison
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Lycoming College, Williamsport, PA 17701
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habib W, Masiello M, Chahine-Tsouvalakis H, Al Moussawi Z, Saab C, Tawk ST, Piemontese L, Solfrizzo M, Logrieco AF, Moretti A, Susca A. Occurrence and Characterization of Penicillium Species Isolated from Post-Harvest Apples in Lebanon. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100730. [PMID: 34679023 PMCID: PMC8537683 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apple is one of the most important fruit tree crops in the Mediterranean region. Lebanon, in particular, is among the top apple producer countries in the Middle East; however, recently, several types of damage, particularly rot symptoms, have been detected on fruits in cold storage. This study aims to identify the causal agents of apple decay in Lebanese post-harvest facilities and characterize a set of 39 representative strains of the toxigenic fungus Penicillium. The results demonstrated that blue mould was the most frequent fungal disease associated with apples showing symptoms of decay after 3–4 months of storage at 0 °C, with an average frequency of 76.5% and 80.6% on cv. Red and cv. Golden Delicious apples, respectively. The morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of benA gene showed that most Penicillium strains (87.2%) belong to P. expansum species whereas the remaining strains (12.8%) belong to P. solitum. Furthermore, 67.7% of P. expansum strains produced patulin when grown on apple puree for 14 days at 25 °C with values ranging from 10.7 mg kg−1 to 125.9 mg kg−1, whereas all P. solitum did not produce the mycotoxin. This study highlights the presence of Penicillium spp. and their related mycotoxin risk during apple storage and calls for the implementation of proper measures to decrease the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Habib
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 90-1965, Fanar 1202, Lebanon; (W.H.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, George Matta, Dekwaneh 1202, Lebanon; (H.C.-T.); (Z.A.M.); (S.T.T.)
| | - Mario Masiello
- Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hala Chahine-Tsouvalakis
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, George Matta, Dekwaneh 1202, Lebanon; (H.C.-T.); (Z.A.M.); (S.T.T.)
| | - Zahraa Al Moussawi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, George Matta, Dekwaneh 1202, Lebanon; (H.C.-T.); (Z.A.M.); (S.T.T.)
| | - Carine Saab
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 90-1965, Fanar 1202, Lebanon; (W.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Salwa Tohmé Tawk
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, George Matta, Dekwaneh 1202, Lebanon; (H.C.-T.); (Z.A.M.); (S.T.T.)
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Solfrizzo
- Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Susca
- Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghuffar S, Ahmed MZ, Irshad G, Zeshan MA, Qadir A, Anwaar HA, Mansha MZ, Asadullah HM, Abdullah A, Farooq U. First Report of Aspergillus niger causing Black rot of Grapes in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2020; 104:3062. [PMID: 33048593 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0863-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In June 2015 & 2016, a postharvest survey of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) cv. King's Ruby, was carried out in five different commercial fruit markets of Rawalpindi (33°38'19.2″N, 73°01'45.0″E) district, Punjab Province. Symptoms appeared as brownish lesions with black sporulation on grapes berries. The incidence of these symptoms on bunches ranged from 12 to 17% at all sites. Symptomatic tissue pieces were surface-sterilized with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 30 seconds, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on filter paper for 45 seconds, and incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C. After 3 days, dark brown to black mycelium were formed on PDA media. A total of 24 isolates were examined morphologically. The apex of the conidiophore was observed to be radiate. Vesicles were found to be spherical and covered with irregular metulae and phialides. Conidia were globose or subglobose measured (3.14 μm ± 2.24 in averaged diameter: n=50), dark brown to black, with roughened cell walls. The conidiophores were also smooth-walled, hyaline, and became melanized toward the vesicle. These characteristics of the fungus were similar to those described for Aspergillus niger van Tiegh (de Hoog et al. 2000). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (Bt) gene and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB2) gene of representative isolate (Asp.n02) was amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4, BT2a/BT2b and RPB2-6F/RPB2-7R respectively (White et al., 1990; Glass & Donaldson, 1995; Liu et al. 1999). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS, MN658871; Bt2, MT117924; and RPB2, MT318289). Based on BLAST analysis, sequences of the ITS region, Bt2 genes, and RPB2 gene showed 99 to 100% similarity of isolate Asp.n02 to Aspergillus niger (Accession Nos. MK307680.1, MN195121.1, MF078661.1 for ITS gene, MN567299.1, MK451029.1, MK451020.1 for Bt2 gene, and MK450788.1, MK450790.1 for RPB2 gene). To complete Koch's postulates, 10-µl aliquots of spore suspensions (106 spores/ml) of isolate: Asp.n 02 was pipetted onto three non-wounded and four wounded (5 mm diam) asymptomatic grape berries cv. King's Ruby (seven berries per isolate), Sterile distilled water was applied to asymptomatic berries similaries to serve as a negative control (Ghuffar et al. 2018; Jayawardena et al. 2018). Berries were incubated at 25 ± 2°C in sterile moisture chambers, and the experiment was conducted twice. Brownish lesions leading to black sporulation similar to the original symptoms were observed on both wounded and non-wounded inoculated berries after 3 days, whereas no symptoms were recorded on the negative control. The morphology of the fungus that was re-isolated from each of the inoculated berries was identical to that of the original cultures. Aspergillus niger was reported previously in Europe and Israel causing mycotoxin (Ochratoxin A) OTA production on Table grapes (Bau et al. 2006). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Aspergillus niger causing black rot of grapes in Pakistan. This finding will help to plan effective disease management strategies against the black rot of grapes in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ghuffar
- University of Arid Agriculture, 72599, Plant pathology, Department of plant pathology PMAS Arid agriculture university Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 46000
- University of Arid Agriculture, 72599, plant pathology, Department of plant pathology PMAS Arid agriculture university Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 46000;
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Ahmed
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 66724, Plant Pathology, Gulistan Colony G block, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, 38000;
| | - Gulshan Irshad
- PMAS-AAUR, Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Pire Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46300;
| | - Muhamamd Ahmad Zeshan
- University of Sargodha, 66971, Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology,, College of Agriculture,, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, 40100;
| | - Abdul Qadir
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Plant Virology Lab NARC., Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan, 44000
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University, 72599, Plant Pathology, Plant Virology Lab, PMAS Arid Agriculture university, Rawalpindi., Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
| | | | | | | | - Ahsan Abdullah
- House # 46 Islam ParkKhanewalKhanewal, Punjab, Pakistan, 58150
- China Agricultural University, 34752, College of Plant Protection, Room # 105,, International Student Apartment,, CAU East Campus, Beijing, Beijing, China, 100193;
| | - Usman Farooq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Plant Pathology, Faisalabad, [Select a State/Province], Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghuffar S, Ahmed MZ, Irshad G, Zeshan MA, Qadir A, Anwaar HA, Mansha MZ, Asadullah HM, Abdullah A, Farooq U. First Report of Aspergillus niger causing Black rot of Grapes in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2020; 105:1570. [PMID: 33048593 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1390-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In June 2015 & 2016, a postharvest survey of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) cv. King's Ruby, was carried out in five different commercial fruit markets of Rawalpindi (33°38'19.2″N, 73°01'45.0″E) district, Punjab Province. Symptoms appeared as brownish lesions with black sporulation on grapes berries. The incidence of these symptoms on bunches ranged from 12 to 17% at all sites. Symptomatic tissue pieces were surface-sterilized with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 30 seconds, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on filter paper for 45 seconds, and incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C. After 3 days, dark brown to black mycelium were formed on PDA media. A total of 24 isolates were examined morphologically. The apex of the conidiophore was observed to be radiate. Vesicles were found to be spherical and covered with irregular metulae and phialides. Conidia were globose or subglobose measured (3.14 μm ± 2.24 in averaged diameter: n=50), dark brown to black, with roughened cell walls. The conidiophores were also smooth-walled, hyaline, and became melanized toward the vesicle. These characteristics of the fungus were similar to those described for Aspergillus niger van Tiegh (de Hoog et al. 2000). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (Bt) gene and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB2) gene of representative isolate (Asp.n02) was amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4, BT2a/BT2b and RPB2-6F/RPB2-7R respectively (White et al., 1990; Glass & Donaldson, 1995; Liu et al. 1999). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS, MN658871; Bt2, MT117924; and RPB2, MT318289). Based on BLAST analysis, sequences of the ITS region, Bt2 genes, and RPB2 gene showed 99 to 100% similarity of isolate Asp.n02 to Aspergillus niger (Accession Nos. MK307680.1, MN195121.1, MF078661.1 for ITS gene, MN567299.1, MK451029.1, MK451020.1 for Bt2 gene, and MK450788.1, MK450790.1 for RPB2 gene). To complete Koch's postulates, 10-µl aliquots of spore suspensions (106 spores/ml) of isolate: Asp.n 02 was pipetted onto three non-wounded and four wounded (5 mm diam) asymptomatic grape berries cv. King's Ruby (seven berries per isolate), Sterile distilled water was applied to asymptomatic berries similaries to serve as a negative control (Ghuffar et al. 2018; Jayawardena et al. 2018). Berries were incubated at 25 ± 2°C in sterile moisture chambers, and the experiment was conducted twice. Brownish lesions leading to black sporulation similar to the original symptoms were observed on both wounded and non-wounded inoculated berries after 3 days, whereas no symptoms were recorded on the negative control. The morphology of the fungus that was re-isolated from each of the inoculated berries was identical to that of the original cultures. Aspergillus niger was reported previously in Europe and Israel causing mycotoxin (Ochratoxin A) OTA production on Table grapes (Bau et al. 2006). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Aspergillus niger causing black rot of grapes in Pakistan. This finding will help to plan effective disease management strategies against the black rot of grapes in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ghuffar
- University of Arid Agriculture, 72599, Plant pathology, Department of plant pathology PMAS Arid agriculture university Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 46000
- University of Arid Agriculture, 72599, plant pathology, Department of plant pathology PMAS Arid agriculture university Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 46000;
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Ahmed
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 66724, Plant Pathology, Gulistan Colony G block, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, 38000;
| | - Gulshan Irshad
- PMAS-AAUR, Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Pire Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46300;
| | - Muhamamd Ahmad Zeshan
- University of Sargodha, 66971, Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology,, College of Agriculture,, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, 40100;
| | - Abdul Qadir
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Plant Virology Lab NARC., Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan, 44000
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University, 72599, Plant Pathology, Plant Virology Lab, PMAS Arid Agriculture university, Rawalpindi., Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
| | | | | | | | - Ahsan Abdullah
- House # 46 Islam ParkKhanewalKhanewal, Punjab, Pakistan, 58150
- China Agricultural University, 34752, College of Plant Protection, Room # 105,, International Student Apartment,, CAU East Campus, Beijing, Beijing, China, 100193;
| | - Usman Farooq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Plant Pathology, Faisalabad, [Select a State/Province], Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li D, Shen KM, Zackai EH, Bhoj EJ. Clinical variability of TUBB-associated disorders: Diagnosis through reanalysis. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:3035-3039. [PMID: 33016642 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A range of clinical findings have been associated with heterozygous mutations in the Beta Tubulin (TUBB) gene, including microcephaly, structural brain abnormalities, intellectual disability, and skin creases. We report a 5-year-old male who presented for evaluation of cleft palate, cardiac defects, growth retardation, hemivertebrae causing scoliosis, and preauricular skin tags. Previous clinical exome sequencing of this patient was nondiagnostic, but reanalysis in the research setting identified a de novo missense c. 925C>G p.(Arg309Gly) mutation in TUBB. This mutation was not found in population allele frequency databases, and was classified to be likely pathogenic. This patient shares some phenotypic characteristics with previous reported patients of TUBB mutations of the two TUBB-related phenotypes: "Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 6" [MIM 615771] and "Circumferential Skin Creases Kunze type (CSC-KT)" [MIM 156610], but has no excess skin creases or structural brain anomalies. We also report previously undescribed features, including transposition of the great arteries and vertebral fusion, thus representing phenotype expansion of TUBB-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Mirhendi H, Makimura K, de Hoog GS, Satoh K, Najafzadeh MJ, Shidfar MR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of beta tubulin gene in a wide range of dermatophytes. Med Mycol 2014; 52:674-88. [PMID: 25079222 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the resolving power of the beta tubulin protein-coding gene (BT2) for systematic study of dermatophyte fungi. Initially, 144 standard and clinical strains belonging to 26 species in the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were identified by internal transcribe spacer (ITS) sequencing. Subsequently, BT2 was partially amplified in all strains, and sequence analysis performed after construction of a BT2 database that showed length ranged from approximately 723 (T. ajelloi) to 808 nucleotides (M. persicolor) in different species. Intraspecific sequence variation was found in some species, but T. tonsurans, T. equinum, T. concentricum, T. verrucosum, T. rubrum, T. violaceum, T. eriotrephon, E. floccosum, M. canis, M. ferrugineum, and M. audouinii were invariant. The sequences were found to be relatively conserved among different strains of the same species. The species with the closest resemblance were Arthroderma benhamiae and T. concentricum and T. tonsurans and T. equinum with 100% and 99.8% identity, respectively; the most distant species were M. persicolor and M. amazonicum. The dendrogram obtained from BT2 topology was almost compatible with the species concept based on ITS sequencing, and similar clades and species were distinguished in the BT2 tree. Here, beta tubulin was characterized in a wide range of dermatophytes in order to assess intra- and interspecies variation and resolution and was found to be a taxonomically valuable gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Fungal Biodiversity Center, Institute of the Royal Netherlands, Academy of Arts and Sciences, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures-KNAW, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shidfar
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|