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Shah K, Kumari R, Jain M. Unveiling stress markers: A systematic review investigating psychological stress biomarkers. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22490. [PMID: 38680082 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a ubiquitous facet of modern life, impacting individuals across diverse contexts and demographics. Understanding its physiological manifestations through biomarkers has gained substantial attention within the scientific community. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases for peer-reviewed articles published within the past decade. Preliminary findings reveal many biomarkers associated with psychological stress across different biological systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune system, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system. This systematic review explores psychological, physiological, and biochemical biomarkers associated with stress. Analyzing recent literature, it synthesizes findings across these three categories, elucidating their respective roles in stress response mechanisms. Psychological markers involve subjective assessments like self-reported stress levels, perceived stress scales, or psychometric evaluations measuring anxiety, depression, or coping mechanisms. Physiological markers include heart rate variability, blood pressure, and immune system responses such as cytokine levels or inflammatory markers. Biochemical markers involve hormones or chemicals linked to stress. It includes cortisol, catecholamines, copeptin, salivary amylase, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Shah
- Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ruchi Kumari
- Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Das S, Ramteke H. A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Biomarkers in Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e54337. [PMID: 38500934 PMCID: PMC10945043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological, degenerative clinical condition depicted by the advancing loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which manifests itself as a myriad of sensorimotor and non-motor signs in patients. The disease occurs due to the reduced levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which is primarily associated with functional characteristics regarding mobility and cognition. The basal ganglion is mainly involved in the generation of cognitive functions and therefore is the most significantly associated area in PD. Since the classical diagnosis and assessment of PD depends majorly on the appearance of motor characteristics, which only arise when ~60-80% of the dopamine neuronal cell death has already occurred, it is imperative we focus on identifying biomarkers that can help us assess and diagnose PD in the earlier stages of disease progression, thus providing a better prognosis for the patients. This review article will focus on the different biomarkers that are currently available and in use, divided under the headings of clinical, biological, imaging, and genetic biomarkers, and assess their specificity and sensitivity toward providing an early assessment of Parkinson's for the patients and the future of preclinical diagnostics using molecular biomarkers. PD affects over 1% of the population worldwide and only ranks second to Alzheimer's disease in the context of its incidence and consequent socioeconomic burden. While recent breakthroughs in biomarkers have dramatically improved patients' odds of survival and prognosis, it still remains primarily a symptomatic diagnostic tool. It is an area of research that requires to focus on creating more advanced approaches toward diagnosing PD early, involving clinical diagnostics, neuroimaging technology, and molecular biology collaborations to provide the highest degree of care and quality of life that a Parkinson's patient deserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdutta Das
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshal Ramteke
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Rog J, Karakuła M, Rząd Z, Fitowska A, Brzezińska A, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. The Importance of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Depressive Symptoms and Their Biological Consequences in Healthy Adults: Results of a Polish University Student Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7093. [PMID: 38002705 PMCID: PMC10671862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a long-lasting effect on both physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of ACEs and experienced stress on depression and the role of biological disturbances in this relationship in a student population. Potential participants filled out a screening questionnaire; 60 of 126 students met the inclusion criteria and were tested for the severity of stress and depressive symptoms, ACEs, dietary habits, and serum concentrations of biological markers. Depressive symptoms were related to a younger age (p = 0.012), a higher severity of stress (p = 0.001), ACEs (p = 0.007), and lower triglyceride (p = 0.01) and cortisol concentrations (p = 0.01). An inverse relationship between the triglyceride concentration and emotional abuse (R = -0.38) and emotional neglect (R = -0.33) was found. Occludin was positively associated with physical abuse (R = 0.31). Cortisol was inversely associated with emotional abuse (R = -0.35). Emotional neglect was associated with lipopolysaccharide binding protein (R = 0.38) and insulin levels (R = -0.31). The most promising multi-panel of biomarkers for recognizing mood symptoms included triglycerides, tight junction protein 1, and cortisol (cut-offs of ≤ 95.5 mg/dL, 0.72 ng/mL, and 134.63 ng/mL, respectively). This study confirmed the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms and the importance of psychological stress in developing mood disorders. ACEs could affect biological dysregulation. Some of the biological markers could be helpful in early detection of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rog
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Karakuła
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Rząd
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Aleksandra Fitowska
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Brzezińska
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
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Gentile A, Punziano C, Calvanese M, De Falco R, Gentile L, D’Alicandro G, Miele C, Capasso F, Pero R, Mazzaccara C, Lombardo B, Frisso G, Borrelli P, Mennitti C, Scudiero O, Faraonio R. Evaluation of Antioxidant Defence Systems and Inflammatory Status in Basketball Elite Athletes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1891. [PMID: 37895240 PMCID: PMC10606456 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense physical activity can induce metabolic changes that modify specific biochemical biomarkers. In this scenario, the purpose of our study was to evaluate how intense physical activity can affect oxidative metabolism. Following this, fifteen professional basketball players and fifteen sedentary controls were recruited and subjected to two samplings of serum and urine in the pre-season (September) and two months after the start of the competitive season (November). Our results have shown an increase in athletes compared to controls in CK and LDH in September (respectively, p-value 0.003 and p-value < 0.001) and in November (both p-value < 0.001), whereas ALT is increased only in November (p-value 0.09). GGT serum levels were decreased in athletes compared to controls in both months (in September p-value 0.001 and in November p-value < 0.001). A gene expression analysis, carried out using RT-PCR, has revealed that IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, xCT and GCLM are increased in athletes in both months (p-value < 0.0001), while IL-10 and CHAC1 are increased only in September if compared to the controls (respectively, p-value 0.040 and p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, physical activity creates an adaptation of the systems involved in oxidative metabolism but without causing damage to the liver or kidney. This information could be of help to sports doctors for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in professional athletes for the construction of the athlete's passport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Carolina Punziano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Mariella Calvanese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Renato De Falco
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, 80129 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Gentile
- Integrated Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Miele
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- UOC Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Haemostasis and Special Investigations, AOU Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Capasso
- UOC Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Haemostasis and Special Investigations, AOU Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (C.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (G.F.); (R.F.)
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Wasilewski T, Wasilewska J, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. Subfertility as Overlapping of Nutritional, Endocrine, Immune, and Cardiometabolic Dysregulations-A Study Focused on Biochemical Endophenotypes of Subfertile Couples. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6094. [PMID: 37763034 PMCID: PMC10531916 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Subfertility is a global health issue, and as many as 30% of cases are attributed to unexplained reasons. A hypercaloric, high-fat diet stimulates the expansion of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota with a consequent rise in circulating lipopolysaccharides. Adverse gut microbiota remodeling can exacerbate insulin resistance, while sex and thyroid hormones may influence the variability in gut microbiota. This cross-sectional study included 150 participants and was designed to determine a biochemical, nutritional-related pattern that may distinguish subfertile from fertile individuals and couples. A panel of 28 biomarkers was assessed. Four biochemical phenotypes of unexplained subfertility were found, including two metabolic and two immune, when assessed using binary logistic regression models. Two phenotypes were distinguished in women: cardio-metabolic with atherogenic dyslipidemia (LowHDL-cholesterol: OR = 10.9; p < 0.05) and autoimmune thyroid disorder (Highanti-thyroid-peroxidase: OR = 5.5; p < 0.05) and two in men: hepato-metabolic with elevated liver injury enzymes (HighHOMA-IR: OR = 6.1; p < 0.05) and immune type-2 response (HighIgE: OR = 6.4; p < 0.05). The chances of a couple's subfertility rose with the number of laboratory components of metabolic syndrome in the couple (OR = 1.7; p < 0.05) and if at least one partner had an elevated total IgE level (>100 kU/L) (OR = 6.5; p < 0.05). This study found that unexplained subfertility may be accompanied by mutually overlapping immune and metabolic dysregulations in individuals and couples. We propose one-time laboratory diagnostics taking into account the lipid profile, insulin resistance, anti-thyroid-peroxidase, and total IgE in both males and females with unexplained subfertility. This may allow for a one-time assessment of targeted medical and nutritional interventions and help optimize patients' health. The gut-organ axes related to subfertility are discussed in the context of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Wasilewski
- Centre for Restorative Procreative Medicine, Napromedica, 15-741 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Wasilewska
- Centre for Paediatrics, Allergology, Psychodietetics, and Treatment of Children Diagnosed with Autism, IPM, 15-404 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Mesquita AF, Gonçalves FJM, Gonçalves AMM. Effects of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants on the Biomarkers' Response of Cerastoderma edule under Temperature Scenarios. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1756. [PMID: 37760058 PMCID: PMC10525251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increased chemical pollution, and climate change is a major concern to scientific, political and social communities globally. Marine systems are very susceptible to changes, and considering the ecological and economic roles of bivalve species, like Cerastoderma edule, studies evaluating the effects of both stressors are of great importance. This study intends to (a) determine the toxicity of copper (Cu) and oxyfluorfen at the lethal level, considering the temperature; (b) assess the changes in the antioxidant defence enzymes as a consequence of the simultaneous exposure to chemical and warming pressures; and (c) determine if lipid peroxidation (LPO) and neurotoxic effects occur after the exposure to chemical and temperature stressors. C. edule was exposed to Cu and oxyfluorfen at different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) for 96 h. The ecotoxicological results reveal a higher tolerance of C. edule to oxyfluorfen than to Cu, regardless of the temperature. The antioxidant defence system revealed efficiency in fighting the chemicals' action, with no significant changes in the thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) levels to 15 °C and 20 °C. However, a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was observed on the organisms exposed to oxyfluorfen at 20 °C, as well as a decreasing trend on the ones exposed to Cu at this temperature. Moreover, the catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase in the organisms exposed to the two highest concentrations of Cu at 15 °C and in the ones exposed to the highest concentration of oxyfluorfen at 20 °C. Looking at the temperature as a single stressor, the organisms exposed to 25 °C revealed a significant increase in the TBARS level, suggesting potential LPO and explaining the great mortality at this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F. Mesquita
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
| | - Fernando J. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ruiz-Álvarez MJ, Stampone E, Verduras YF, Gallo G, González MB, Cubillo BB, Bencivenga D, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. Hypocalcemia: a key biomarker in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Biomed J 2022; 46:93-99. [PMID: 36038109 PMCID: PMC9420312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the end of 2019 a new respiratory syndrome emerged in China named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Considering the severity of the disease in adult subjects with one or more chronic pathologies, it was mandatory to find simple and effective biomarkers for negative prognosis of the disease easily available at the admission to the hospital. Methods To identify possible parameters showing association with the outcome in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic diseases, blood biochemical profiles of 511 patients, enrolled from March to June 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. The pathological conditions taken into consideration were diabetes, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and cancer. All the data were collected upon admission to the emergency room (ER) during the indicated period. Results We observed that serum and ionized calcium were prevalently altered in our cohort. We determined that hypocalcemia was a major parameter associated with mechanical ventilation and poor prognosis, correlating also with the presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. In addition, we found a positive correlation between hypocalcemia and clinical complications during hospitalizations. Conclusions Our results strengthen the relevance of serum calcium concentration as a useful prognostic biomarker in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Yaiza Fernández Verduras
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Barrionuevo González
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Belén Beteré Cubillo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Watafua M, Ejiofor JI, Musa A, Ahmad MH. Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) attenuates paracetamol and Bile Duct Ligation-Induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:959661. [PMID: 36059962 PMCID: PMC9437914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.959661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The plant Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) is traditionally used to manage hepatitis. This research work aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effectiveness of root bark extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASE) against paracetamol (PCM) and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatotoxicity. The phytochemical and median lethal dose (LD50) investigations were conducted. The rats were pre-treated with the ASE (250, 750, and 1,500 mg/kg) once daily via oral route for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, liver injury was initiated by PCM administration (2 g/kg). Similarly, in the BDL-induced liver injury, the animals were administered ASE (125, 250, and 380 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. After 24 h, blood samples and hepatic tissues were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Results: Phytocomponents determination revealed glycosides, triterpenes, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 values of the ASE were >5,000 and 1,300 mg/kg, respectively. The ASE efficiently (p < 0.05) decreased the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and elevated the albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The direct bilirubin effectively (p < 0.05) decreased at 750 mg/kg. Besides, the extract efficiently elevated the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in relation to the PCM hepatotoxic group. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was reduced by the ASE. Meanwhile, in the BDL-induced liver injury, the ASE remarkably (p < 0.05) declined the AST, ALP, bilirubin,and MDA. Besides, there was effective (p < 0.05) elevation in SOD, GPx and CAT in the ASE-treated groups. The morphology of liver tissue was preserved at 125 and 250 mg/kg ASE groups from BDL-induced necrosis and vascular congestion. Conclusion: The study shows that the ASE has hepatoprotective actions against liver damage by possible modulation of biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Watafua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NG, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Jane I. Ejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Musa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of low levels of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: biochemical and behavioural effects. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103505. [PMID: 33002593 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmaceutical chemicals in the biosphere can have unpredictable ecological consequences, and knowledge concerning their putative toxic effects is still scarce. One example of a widely used pharmaceutical that is present in the aquatic environment is ciprofloxacin. Previous indications suggest that this drug may exert several adverse effects on exposed biota, but the characterization of a full ecotoxicological response to this drug is far from complete, especially in estuarine ecosystems. This work aimed to characterize the acute and chronic effects of ciprofloxacin in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta), exposed to environmentally relevant levels of this drug, close to the real concentrations of this pharmaceutical in surface waters. The adopted toxic endpoints were behavioral parameters, combined with a biomarker-based approach (quantification of the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs), cholinesterases (ChEs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation levels. Exposure to ciprofloxacin caused effects on behavioural traits, such as an increase in burrowing times and hyperactivity, alongside alterations in biomarkers, including a significant increase in CAT activity following acute exposure. In addition, and after both acute and chronic exposure, lipid peroxidation was reduced, while AChE activities were enhanced. It was possible to ascertain the occurrence of pro-oxidative alterations following exposure to low levels of ciprofloxacin, which were counteracted by the triggering of CAT activity. The meaning of the enhancement of AChE activity is not clear, but it appears to be linked with the observed behavioural changes, and may have been associated with the stimulation of the behavioural traits. These data strongly suggest that the presence of ciprofloxacin in estuarine areas is not without risks, and exposed biota, namely polychaete species, are likely to have their ecological roles affected, thereby compromising the chemical, physical and microbiological stability of sediments, which in turn alters nutrient cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Ponti G, Maccaferri M, Ruini C, Tomasi A, Ozben T. Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:389-399. [PMID: 32503382 PMCID: PMC7284147 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1770685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is centered on the unpredictable clinical course of the disease that can rapidly develop, causing severe and deadly complications. The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers able to classify patients based on their risk is imperative in being able to guarantee prompt treatment. The analysis of recently published studies highlights the role of systemic vasculitis and cytokine mediated coagulation disorders as the principal actors of multi organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications. The following biomarkers have been identified: hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT)), immunological (interleukin (IL)-6 and biochemical (D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), especially those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). New laboratory biomarkers could be identified through the accurate analysis of multicentric case series; in particular, homocysteine and angiotensin II could play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ponti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristel Ruini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Tomasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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11
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Rejeb H, Ben Khelifa M, Ben Abdallah J, Mrad S, Ben Rejeb M, Hayouni A, Benzarti M, Limem K, Kortas M, Rouatbi S, Ben Saad H. The Effects of Ramadan-Fasting (RF) on Inflammatory and Hematological Indices of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Male Patients: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:2089-2103. [PMID: 30117367 PMCID: PMC6199458 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
No previous study has evaluated the effects of RF on inflammatory and hematological indices of COPD patients. The main objective of the present pilot study was to assess the effects of RF on some inflammatory and hematological indices measured in male patients with stable COPD. Fifteen COPD patients (mean ± SD of age: 71 ± 6 years) who fasted during Ramadan 2017 volunteered for the study. Three sessions (Before-Ramadan, End-Ramadan and After-Ramadan) were selected. Spirometry tests and blood samples were consistently performed 2.5-4.5 hr before the interruption of the fasting. Assessment sessions comprised: spirometry, inflammatory [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); C-reactive protein (CRP)] and hematological [red and white blood cells (RBC, WBC); hemoglobin; hematocrit; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; platelets] indices. Findings were analyzed by applying Friedman ANOVA. The median (lower-upper quartiles) of ESR (Before-Ramadan: 3 (2-9), End-Ramadan: 7 (0-13), After-Ramadan: 9 (5-15) mm/h) and CRP (Before-Ramadan: 20 (11-38), End-Ramadan: 15 (9-34), After-Ramadan: 20 (12-46) mg/L) were not significantly affected by RF. Among all the hematological indices, RF influenced only hemoglobin (Before-Ramadan: 14.4 ± 2.2, End-Ramadan: 13.4 ± 1.3, After-Ramadan: 12.2 ± 0.9 g/dL), hematocrit (Before-Ramadan: 45 ± 7, End-Ramadan: 40 ± 4, After-Ramadan: 39 ± 4%), RBC (Before-Ramadan: 5.1 ± 1.0, End-Ramadan: 4.6 ± 0.7, After-Ramadan: 4.4 ± 0.5 106/mm3) and WBC (Before-Ramadan: 8,673 ± 1,911, End-Ramadan: 7,840 ± 1,526, After-Ramadan: 9,507 ± 2,190/mm3). Compared to the Before-Ramadan session, the End-Ramadan session values for hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC and WBC were lower. Compared to the After-Ramadan session, the End-Ramadan session values for hemoglobin and WBC were higher and lower, respectively. In conclusion, RF caused significant reduction in hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC and WBC. However, it did not induce any significant changes in the CRP and ESR indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadhemi Rejeb
- Pulmonary Department, Farhat HACHED
Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Sawssan Mrad
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat
HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Rejeb
- Department of Prevention and Care
Safety, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Khelifa Limem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat
HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Kortas
- Laboratory of Hematology, Farhat HACHED
Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rouatbi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional
Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional
Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research
Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,Laboratory of Physiology. Faculty of
Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse. Sousse, Tunisia,Helmi Ben Saad, Laboratory of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Street Mohamed KAROUI, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia.
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12
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Coyle CH, Henry SE, Haleem AM, O'Malley MJ, Chu CR. Serum CTXii Correlates With Articular Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection or Arthrotomy Followed by Standardized Exercise. Sports Health 2013; 4:510-7. [PMID: 24179591 PMCID: PMC3497947 DOI: 10.1177/1941738112451425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury increases risk for accelerated development of osteoarthritis. The effect of exercise on articular cartilage following joint injury is not well understood. Biochemical biomarkers of collagen degradation and proteoglycan turnover are potential indicators for early articular cartilage degeneration. Hypothesis: This study tests the hypothesis that serum concentrations of CS846 and CTXii correlate with structural changes to articular cartilage following joint injury in exercised animals. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either arthrotomy alone (sham surgery) or anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Animals were recovered for 3 weeks and then exercised on a treadmill at 18 m per minute, 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, until sacrifice either 6 or 12 weeks later. Articular cartilage was assessed grossly, and histology was graded using modified Mankin, toluidine blue, and modified David-Vaudey scales. Serum collected preoperatively and at sacrifice was assayed by ELISA for CTXii and CS846. Results: At 6 weeks, gross grades (P < 0.01), modified Mankin scores (P < 0.03), and toluidine blue scores (P < 0.04) were higher, reflecting increased degeneration in ACLT animals compared with sham surgery animals. Serum CS846 increased after 6 weeks in ACLT animals (P < 0.05). Serum CTXii levels strongly correlated with Mankin degenerative scores (coefficient = 0.81, P < 0.01) and David-Vaudey histology grades (coefficient = 0.73, P < 0.01) at 6 weeks. While gross grades remained higher at 12 weeks in ACLT animals (P < 0.04), no differences were seen in serum CS846 and CTXii. Histology scores also showed no differences between ACLT and sham due to increasing degeneration in the sham surgery group. Conclusion: The strong correlation between serum CTXii and microstructural changes to articular cartilage following joint injury demonstrates potential use of serum biomarkers for early detection of cartilage degeneration. Increasing cartilage degeneration in exercised sham-surgery animals suggests that early loading may have negative effects on articular cartilage due to either mechanical injury or hemarthrosis after arthrotomy. Clinical Relevance: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury are at increased risk for development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. CTXii may be useful for early detection of joint degeneration. Further study on the effects of exercise after injury is important to postinjury and postoperative rehabilitation.
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