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S Algethami J, Al-Saidi HM, Alosaimi EH, A Alnaam Y, Al-Ahmary KM, Khan S. Recent Advancements in Fluorometric and Colorimetric Detection of Cd 2+ Using Organic Chemosensors: A Review (2019-2024). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38655923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2339968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd2+ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd2+ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important. Organic fluorometric and colorimetric detection have emerged as promising tools for this purpose, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and sometimes reversibility. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the fluorometric and colorimetric detection of Cd2+ using organic chemosensors from 2019 to 2024. We delve into key aspects of these studies, including the design strategies employed to design novel chemosensors and the underlying sensing mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of these organic chemosensors, ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By analyzing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the current state-of-the-art in the field of Cd2+ detection using organic chemosensors. Additionally, it highlights the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, paving the way for future advancements in this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari S Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, and Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre (AMNRC), Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Engineering Research Center, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed M Al-Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid H Alosaimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser A Alnaam
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, PSMCHS, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Sayin S, Zhou Y, Wang S, Acosta Rodriguez A, Zaghloul M. Development of Liquid-Phase Plasmonic Sensor Platforms for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:186. [PMID: 38203048 PMCID: PMC10781335 DOI: 10.3390/s24010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) is an optical method for detecting changes in refractive index by the interaction between incident light and delocalized electrons within specific metal thin films' localized "hot spots". LSPR-based sensors possess advantages, including their compact size, enhanced sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for point-of-care applications. This research focuses on the development of LSPR-based nanohole arrays (NHAs) as a platform for monitoring probe/target binding events in real time without labeling, for low-level biomolecular target detection in biomedical diagnostics. To achieve this objective, this study involves creating a liquid-phase setup for capturing target molecules. Finite-difference time-domain simulations revealed that a 75 nm thickness of gold (Au) is ideal for NHA structures, which were visually examined using scanning electron microscopy. To illustrate the functionality of the liquid-phase sensor, a PDMS microfluidic channel was fabricated using a 3D-printed mold with a glass slide base and a top glass cover slip, enabling reflectance-mode measurements from each of four device sectors. This study shows the design, fabrication, and assessment of NHA-based LSPR sensor platforms within a PDMS microfluidic channel, confirming the sensor's functionality and reproducibility in a liquid-phase environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Sayin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | | | - Mona Zaghloul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Sist P, Tramer F, Bandiera A, Urbani R, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V, Passamonti S. Nanoscale Bilirubin Analysis in Translational Research and Precision Medicine by the Recombinant Protein HUG. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16289. [PMID: 38003479 PMCID: PMC10671013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a toxicological biomarker for hemolysis and liver diseases. The current automated diazo method used in clinical chemistry has limited applicability in rodent models and cannot be used in small animals relevant to toxicology, microphysiological systems, cell cultures, and kinetic studies. Here, we present a versatile fluorometric method for nanoscale analysis of bilirubin based on its highly specific binding to the recombinant bifunctional protein HELP-UnaG (HUG). The assay is sensitive (LoQ = 1.1 nM), accurate (4.5% relative standard error), and remarkably robust, allowing analysis at pH 7.4-9.5, T = 25-37 °C, in various buffers, and in the presence of 0.4-4 mg × L-1 serum albumin or 30% DMSO. It allows repeated measurements of bilirubinemia in murine models and small animals, fostering the 3Rs principle. The assay determines bilirubin in human plasma with a relative standard error of 6.7% at values that correlate and agree with the standard diazo method. Furthermore, it detects differences in human bilirubinemia related to sex and UGT1A1 polymorphisms, thus demonstrating its suitability for the uniform assessment of bilirubin at the nanoscale in translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sist
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Bandiera
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Ranieri Urbani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.R.T.); (V.D.)
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.R.T.); (V.D.)
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
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Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are the newest generation of lab-on-a-chip devices and have made significant strides in both our understanding of fundamental behavior and performance characteristics and expansion of their applications. μPADs have become useful analytical techniques for environmental analysis in addition to their more common application as medical point-of-care devices. Although the most common method for device fabrication is wax printing, numerous other techniques exist and have helped address factors ranging from solvent compatibility to improved device function. This review highlights recent reports of fabrication and design, modes of detection, and broad applications of μPADs. Such advances have enabled μPADs to be used in field and laboratory studies to address critical needs in fast, cheaper measurement technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
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Pirzada M, Altintas Z. Recent Progress in Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E356. [PMID: 32235546 PMCID: PMC7231100 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several types of optical sensors have been probed for their aptitude in healthcare biosensing, making their applications in biomedical diagnostics a rapidly evolving subject. Optical sensors show versatility amongst different receptor types and even permit the integration of different detection mechanisms. Such conjugated sensing platforms facilitate the exploitation of their neoteric synergistic characteristics for sensor fabrication. This paper covers nearly 250 research articles since 2016 representing the emerging interest in rapid, reproducible and ultrasensitive assays in clinical analysis. Therefore, we present an elaborate review of biomedical diagnostics with the help of optical sensors working on varied principles such as surface plasmon resonance, localised surface plasmon resonance, evanescent wave fluorescence, bioluminescence and several others. These sensors are capable of investigating toxins, proteins, pathogens, disease biomarkers and whole cells in varied sensing media ranging from water to buffer to more complex environments such as serum, blood or urine. Hence, the recent trends discussed in this review hold enormous potential for the widespread use of optical sensors in early-stage disease prediction and point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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Zhang Z, Kwok RTK, Yu Y, Tang BZ, Ng KM. Sensitive and Specific Detection of l-Lactate Using an AIE-Active Fluorophore. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:38153-38158. [PMID: 29048871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Lactate is a vital biomarker for many diseases and physiological fatigue. An AIE-active fluorophore (TPE-HPro) is combined with l-lactate oxidase (LOx) to determine l-lactate in aqueous fluid. The assay shows excellent sensitivity and anti-interference performance with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.5 μM. In addition, sensitive detection of l-lactate is achieved even in a protein-rich environment. It is proposed that quantification of l-lactate be performed at 20 or 60 min in the current method. These characteristics endow the fluorometric assay with great potential for biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Ming Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Dykman L, Khlebtsov N. Gold nanoparticles in biology and medicine: recent advances and prospects. Acta Naturae 2011; 3:34-55. [PMID: 22649683 PMCID: PMC3347577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized gold nanoparticles with controlled geometrical and optical properties are the subject of intensive studies and biomedical applications, including genomics, biosensorics, immunoassays, clinical chemistry, laser phototherapy of cancer cells and tumors, the targeted delivery of drugs, DNA and antigens, optical bioimaging and the monitoring of cells and tissues with the use of state-of-the-art detection systems. This work will provide an overview of the recent advances and current challenges facing the biomedical application of gold nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, and structures. The review is focused on the application of gold nanoparticle conjugates in biomedical diagnostics and analytics, photothermal and photodynamic therapies, as a carrier for delivering target molecules, and on the immunological and toxicological properties. Keeping in mind the huge volume and high speed of the data update rate, 2/3 of our reference list (certainly restricted to 250 Refs.) includes publications encompassing the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N.G. Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Saratov State University
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