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Kowthavarapu VK, Charbe NB, Gupta C, Iakovleva T, Stillhart C, Parrott NJ, Schmidt S, Cristofoletti R. Mechanistic Modeling of In Vitro Biopharmaceutic Data for a Weak Acid Drug: A Pathway Towards Deriving Fundamental Parameters for Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutic Modeling. AAPS J 2024; 26:44. [PMID: 38575716 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic modeling of in vitro experiments using metabolic enzyme systems enables the extrapolation of metabolic clearance for in vitro-in vivo predictions. This is particularly important for successful clearance predictions using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The concept of mechanistic modeling can also be extended to biopharmaceutics, where in vitro data is used to predict the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. This approach further allows for the identification of parameters that are critical for oral drug absorption in vivo. However, the routine use of this analysis approach has been hindered by the lack of an integrated analysis workflow. The objective of this tutorial is to (1) review processes and parameters contributing to oral drug absorption in increasing levels of complexity, (2) outline a general physiologically based biopharmaceutic modeling workflow for weak acids, and (3) illustrate the outlined concepts via an ibuprofen (i.e., a weak, poorly soluble acid) case example in order to provide practical guidance on how to integrate biopharmaceutic and physiological data to better understand oral drug absorption. In the future, we plan to explore the usefulness of this tutorial/roadmap to inform the development of PBPK models for BCS 2 weak bases, by expanding the stepwise modeling approach to accommodate more intricate scenarios, including the presence of diprotic basic compounds and acidifying agents within the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Krishna Kowthavarapu
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Nitin Bharat Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Churni Gupta
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Tatiana Iakovleva
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Formulation & Process Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil John Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Office 467, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA.
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