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Wang WT, Ni XH, Gu YX, An R, Wang CL, Zhang J. Unusual coexistence: branchial cleft cyst harboring papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis - a rare case report and clinical insights. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1378405. [PMID: 38665942 PMCID: PMC11043480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1378405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The simultaneous occurrence of Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) represents an unusual malignant tumor, with cases featuring associated lymph node metastasis being particularly rare. This combination underscores an increased potential for metastasis, and the assessment of neck masses, particularly on the lateral aspect, may inadvertently overlook the scrutiny of the thyroid. Therefore, healthcare providers should exercise vigilance, especially in patients over the age of 40, regarding the potential for neck masses to signify metastasis from thyroid malignancies. Currently, surgical intervention stands as the primary effective curative method, while the postoperative administration of radioactive iodine therapy remains a topic of ongoing debate. Case report In the presented case, a 48-year-old male patient with a right neck mass underwent surgical intervention. The procedure included the excision of the right neck mass, unilateral thyroidectomy with isthmus resection, and functional neck lymph node dissection under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology findings revealed the coexistence of a BCC with metastatic PTC in the right neck mass, as well as papillary carcinoma in the right thyroid lobe. Lymph node metastasis was observed in the central and levels III of the right neck. Conclusion The rare amalgamation of a BCC with PTC and concurrent lymph node metastasis underscores the invasive nature of this malignancy. Healthcare professionals should be well-acquainted with its clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Hao Ni
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Xue Gu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ran An
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Liang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Li C, Siu JM, Woodward M, Wolter NE. Respiratory distress in a neonate: Inflation of a third branchial anomaly with positive airway pressure. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8752. [PMID: 38634088 PMCID: PMC11022297 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive airway pressure from noninvasive ventilation is an essential tool for many pediatric patients with respiratory distress. We present a case of an unknown third branchial anomaly that was diagnosed following inflation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which exacerbated the infant's respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Li
- University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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3
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Chin A, Robilliard R, Groblewski JC, Tarro JM, Chen S, Topor LS. Occult Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer in an Adolescent. AACE Clin Case Rep 2024; 10:27-30. [PMID: 38303765 PMCID: PMC10829862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Occult papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is PTC with metastasis but without identification of primary thyroid cancer on preoperative ultrasonography. Published reports on occult PTC in children are limited. Case Report We describe a 16-year-old female with occult PTC who initially presented with a painless left sided cystic neck mass. Diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid cancer was found in the resected neck mass and thyroid ultrasound did not show any nodules or features of carcinoma. After total thyroidectomy, pathological examination of the thyroid revealed papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Discussion We describe a rare case of occult diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid cancer presenting as a cystic neck mass mimicking a second branchial cleft cyst in an adolescent patient. When metastatic PTC is found without evidence of nodule on thyroid imaging, occult PTC of the thyroid is the likely diagnosis. Conclusion Total thyroidectomy ± neck dissection followed by TSH suppression and radioactive iodine therapy remains the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Renee Robilliard
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jan C. Groblewski
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John M. Tarro
- Rhode Island ENT Physicians, Inc, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sonja Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lisa Swartz Topor
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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4
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Akbarpoor F, Alshehhi A, Aakef K, Ahmed A. A Rare Presentation of a Branchial Cleft Cyst: Can It Cause Syncope in a Pediatric Patient? Cureus 2023; 15:e50004. [PMID: 38186423 PMCID: PMC10766878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) are a congenital malformation most commonly seen in children and adolescents. BCCs are usually incidental findings and are benign in nature. In this report, we present a case of a 13-year-old female with syncope as a rare complication of a fluid-filled second BCC. The patient initially presented with a unilateral non-tender swelling on the right side of the neck and submandibular region, which was suspicious of an inflammatory process. After initial lab investigations came back negative, imaging studies of the neck with computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast revealed a hypodense lesion with a uniform density, which lay beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle and abutted the carotid sheath. The cyst was surgically excised, and histopathological studies of the cyst wall and the analysis of the fluid contained within the cyst confirmed that it was indeed a branchial cleft cyst. We propose that the syncopal episodes she experienced most likely occurred due to the proximity of the cyst wall to the carotid sheath, which caused a mass effect leading to carotid sinus syndrome (CSS). This is the first case of CSS due to a BCC to be reported in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbarpoor
- Medical School, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, ARE
| | - Asma Alshehhi
- Medical School, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, ARE
| | - Khadeeja Aakef
- Medical School, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, ARE
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Pediatric Surgery, Mediclinic Welcare Hospital, Dubai, ARE
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5
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Al-Thawwab NI, Alhashim MJ, Alharbi GS, Alharbi KM, Abdultawab AA. Pediatric Neck Swelling: A Case Report of Fourth Branchial Cleft Cyst. Cureus 2023; 15:e50149. [PMID: 38186420 PMCID: PMC10771579 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neck masses present a diagnostic challenge, encompassing various etiologies, including rare entities like branchial cleft anomalies. Branchial cleft cysts, resulting from incomplete embryonic cleft obliteration, may become symptomatic. This case report describes a seven-year-old boy who presented with a week-long history of fever and progressively enlarging left anterior cervical swelling. Physical examination revealed a fluctuant, non-tender mass, prompting diagnostic investigations. Laboratory results indicated an elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers. Computed tomography identified a hypodense, rim-enhancing mass consistent with an abscess secondary to a fourth branchial cleft cyst. Ultrasound-guided aspiration yielded purulent material, confirming Staphylococcus aureus infection. This case highlights the clinical significance of fourth branchial cleft cysts as rare inflammatory neck masses in pediatric patients. The embryological context informs their diverse anatomical manifestations. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, demanding consideration of anatomical complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor I Al-Thawwab
- General Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Maryam J Alhashim
- General Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | | | - Kawkab M Alharbi
- General Practice, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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6
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Menter T, Holland-Cunz S. Ectopic Salivary Gland - A Possible Differential Diagnosis of a Branchial Cleft Cyst. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:706-708. [PMID: 36988296 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2193847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Branchial cleft cysts or fistulae are common in pediatric surgical pathology and are cured by surgery. Lesions in this area may not show the classical features of a cyst or duct lined by squamous or respiratory epithelium and other differential diagnoses should be considered. Case report: A seven-year-old otherwise healthy boy presented with bilateral swelling of the lower neck and reported intermittent secretion of clear fluid on the right side. Excision of the right sided lesion revealed an ectopic salivary gland, the excision of the left showed only subtle fibrosis. Conclusion: Ectopic salivary glands may occur in the distribution of branchial cleft remnants. Clear fluid drainage (saliva) may be a clinical clue that these are not branchial cleft cremnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital of both Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Shaikh N, Ibrahim‐Shaikh S, Alshaikhnasser E, Kukkala S, Stevens L, Chung J. Excision of massive left branchial cleft cyst with secondary hypertension. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7131. [PMID: 37064738 PMCID: PMC10090936 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Branchial anomalies are heterogeneous congenital malformations that form secondary to incomplete closure of pharyngeal clefts and pouches. There have been no reports of branchial cleft cysts causing carotid artery compression and hypertension. We report a large branchial cleft cyst causing suspected secondary hypertension from carotid artery compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Levi Stevens
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryWest Virginia UniversityMartinsburgWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jeffson Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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8
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Jakab-Péter K, Háromi I, Kaszás B, Oláh Z, Szanyi I, Somogyvári K. [Malignant transformation of a branchial cleft cyst]. Orv Hetil 2023; 164:388-392. [PMID: 36906865 DOI: 10.1556/650.2023.32741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Branchial cleft cyst is the most common birth defect involving the neck. Malignant transformation is known, however, differentiating from a neck metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary is challenging. Even though there are strict criterias, the diagnosis of this entity remains controversial. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman, who presented with a swelling under the left side of the mandible. After diagnostic workup, fine-needle aspiration biopsy raised the suspicion of a cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastasis, therefore we performed panendoscopy and modified radical neck dissection. The pathological examination confirmed branchial cleft cyst carcinoma. After surgery, the patient received adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. During the case workup, we present the difficulties of the diagnostic process, differential diagnostic problems, and the review of the international literature. In the case of a solitary, cystic mass on the neck without a primary tumor, we should consider the possibility of a branchiogenic carcinoma. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(10): 388-392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Jakab-Péter
- 1 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Fül-Orr-Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinika Pécs, Munkácsy M. u. 2., 7621 Magyarország
| | - István Háromi
- 1 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Fül-Orr-Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinika Pécs, Munkácsy M. u. 2., 7621 Magyarország
| | - Bálint Kaszás
- 2 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Pathologiai Intézet Pécs Magyarország
| | - Zsanett Oláh
- 3 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Orvosi Képalkotó Klinika Pécs Magyarország
| | - István Szanyi
- 1 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Fül-Orr-Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinika Pécs, Munkácsy M. u. 2., 7621 Magyarország
| | - Krisztina Somogyvári
- 1 Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Fül-Orr-Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinika Pécs, Munkácsy M. u. 2., 7621 Magyarország
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9
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Abstract
Branchial anomalies are a result of abnormal development during embryogenesis and are a rare cause of lateral neck masses of congenital origin. The second branchial cleft is the most common site of origin, with abnormalities arising from the first, third, and fourth clefts being rarer. Although cysts originating from branchial clefts are infrequent, it is important to consider this pathology in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, particularly those located laterally. This article discusses a rare case of a 49-year-old female patient who presented with the sudden appearance of a lateral neck mass after sports practice. The patient underwent extensive diagnostic studies, including radiological studies, which were compatible with a fourth branchial cleft cyst. The patient remains asymptomatic, and possible surgical treatment is being evaluated by the head and neck surgery service. This clinical case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of rare pathologies such as branchial cleft cysts.
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10
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Abstract
Branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) are congenital anomalies that can be found in children and young adults. The exact incidence of these anomalies is unknown as the diagnosis may be missed. Branchial cleft cysts can present in a variety of locations depending on the cleft they are derived from. Regardless of location, branchial cleft cysts are rather benign. However, a variety of complications can arise due to infection, and infections are often recurrent. Diagnosis may occur incidentally on imaging studies as such studies are often performed to rule out a variety of complications from infections alone. Treatment includes first treating any infection and any such complications that exist, followed by surgical excision. Surgical excision is performed to prevent the recurrence of infection. A case of a 14-year-old female with a painful swollen throat, trismus, and difficulty swallowing is reported.
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11
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Ramamurthy BD. An Uncustomary Branchial Cleft Cyst Presentation With Associated Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Cureus 2022; 14:e33069. [PMID: 36721572 PMCID: PMC9883115 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Branchial cleft cyst is an embryogenic anomaly of branchial apparatus usually occurring in the lateral aspect of the neck. Very few cases of intrathyroidal cystic lesion of branchial cleft have been reported in English literature so far. The patient was a 42-year-old female who presented to the Otorhinolaryngology department with anterior neck mass. The serology revealed elevated antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Fine needle aspiration done in an outside hospital was reported as an epidermal inclusion cyst. Radiology examination of the neck was suggestive of infected fourth branchial cleft cyst. Left hemithyroidectomy was done. On histopathology examination, branchial cleft cyst within the thyroid parenchyma exhibiting features of autoimmune thyroiditis and secondary degenerative changes was noted. This rare case is reported to emphasize multiple-site fine needle aspiration in heterogenous thyroid lesions along with radiological correlation for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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12
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Brad Hall A, Hasara S, Coker P. Identification of a branchial cleft anomaly via handheld point-of-care ultrasound. J Ultrason 2022; 22:e67-e69. [PMID: 35449698 PMCID: PMC9009347 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Branchial anomalies result from incomplete obliteration of the branchial arch structures during embryogenesis. Second branchial arch anomalies are commonly found on the lower third of the neck, with an opening at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and may drain secretions or purulent material. This case demonstrates the use of handheld point-of-care ultrasound to aid in the diagnosis of a branchial anomaly. Case description The patient presented with a “hole” in the neck with intermittent drainage from the site. A 2 mm defect in the skin was noted anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A handheld ultrasound system was used to identify a well-defined, hypoechoic, cyst-like structure. Given the history, physical findings, and point-of-care ultrasound imaging, the diagnosis of a second branchial cleft sinus was made. Conclusions The use of point-of-care ultrasound and knowledge of the sonographic characteristics of these lesions can assist the physician in the diagnosis of branchial arch anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brad Hall
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | | | - Phillip Coker
- Emergency Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, United States
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13
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Yang YN, Hong YT. Intraoral Approach for Parapharyngeal Branchial Cleft Cysts. Ear Nose Throat J 2022:1455613211067846. [PMID: 35088618 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211067846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Branchial cleft cyst (BCC) most frequently arises from the second branchial cleft and is located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the mandibular angle. However, very rarely, this may occur in the parapharyngeal space. Interestingly, the parapharyngeal BCC is frequently misdiagnosed as a peritonsillar abscess. In this study, we reported 2 cases of parapharyngeal BCC misdiagnosed as peritonsillar abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Na Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Research Institute for Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University- Biomedical Research Institute of 90158Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Research Institute for Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University- Biomedical Research Institute of 90158Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk, Korea
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14
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Abstract
Two patients presented with fluctuant areas inferior to the pinna. The first required numerous procedures and investigations before a correct diagnosis was obtained. However, with awareness of this condition, the subsequent patient was quickly identified and managed appropriately. First branchial cleft abnormalities are uncommon, however, present with common symptoms. Their location and characteristics in paediatric patients is key to having it in the differential diagnosis. Consideration of this condition by ENT surgeons is key to prevent multiple invasive and futile operations in our paediatric cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ash
- Otolaryngology, Southend University Hospital, Southend-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Oliver H Sanders
- Otolaryngology, Southend University Hospital, Southend-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Tarik Abed
- Otolaryngology, Southend University Hospital, Southend-on-Sea, GBR
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15
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Wojtal EK. Chronic Lateral Neck Mass in an Adolescent Female. J Pediatr Health Care 2021; 35:548-551. [PMID: 34304967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neck masses are a common finding in the pediatric population, with a broad differential diagnosis resulting in real diagnostic challenges. They are most frequently caused by reactive lymphadenopathy, infectious lymphadenitis, or congenital anomalies of the neck. This case report describes a 16-year-old female presenting to the pediatric emergency department with 5 weeks of right-sided neck mass. Based on her history, physical examination, and prolonged clinical course, the differential diagnosis included infectious, congenital, and neoplastic causes. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a branchial cleft cyst and referred to a pediatric head and neck surgeon.
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16
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Major T, Szarka K, Nagy Z, Kovács I, Balog C, Karosi T. Inflammatory or malignant? Lessons from a cystic lateral neck lesion with a sudden onset. Orv Hetil 2021; 162:595-600. [PMID: 33798105 DOI: 10.1556/650.2021.32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Összefoglaló. A lateralis cysticus nyaki terimék két leggyakoribb oka a branchiogen cysta és a cysticus nyaki áttét. Az átfedő lokalizáció (a leggyakrabban a IIA nyaki régióban), a betegek életkora és az esetenként hirtelen kezdet alapján a két leggyakoribb ok differenciáldiagnózisa nagy kihívást jelenthet. Egy hirtelen fellépő fájdalmas, bal oldali nyaki duzzanattal, dysphagiával és lázzal jelentkező 72 éves férfi esetét ismertetjük. A nyak komputertomográfiás vizsgálata egy 6 cm legnagyobb átmérőjű, vastag falú, többrekeszes cysticus terimét igazolt. Infektív branchiogen cysta lehetőségére gondolva az elváltozást eltávolítottuk. A szövettan azonban p16-pozitív laphámrákot igazolt. A primer tumort végül az ipsilateralis tonsilla palatina állományában sikerült azonosítani. A beteg definitív radioterápiában részesült, és 18 hónappal a diagnózis után tumormentes. A nyaki cystákon, az infektív nyaki cystákon és a cysticus metastasisokon kívül a humán papillómavírussal összefüggő szájgarati laphámrákok infektív cysticus vagy necroticus metastasisait is figyelembe kell venni a lateralis cysticus nyaki terimék differenciáldiagnózisában. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(15): 595-600. Summary. Branchial cleft cysts and cystic neck metastases are the two most common causes of cystic lateral neck masses. Based on the overlapping location (neck level IIA), patient age at onset and the occasionally sudden onset, their differential diagnosis is challenging. We present a 72-year-old male presenting with a suddenly emerging painful, left-sided neck swelling, dysphagia and fever. Computed tomography showed a 6 cm thick-walled multicystic mass. With the suspected diagnosis of an infected branchial cleft cyst, the lesion was removed. Histology confirmed p16 positive squamous cell carcinoma. Primary tumor was identified in the ipsilateral palatine tonsil. Definive radiotherapy was performed and the patient is free of disease at the 18-month follow-up. Beyond pure and infected branchial cleft cysts and pure cystic metastases, infected cystic or necrotic metastasis of human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lateral neck lesions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15): 595-600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Major
- 1 Debreceni Egyetem, Klinikai Központ Kenézy Gyula Campus, Fül-Orr-Gége, Fej- és Nyaksebészeti Osztály, Debrecen, Bartók Béla út 2-26., 4031
| | - Krisztina Szarka
- 2 Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológia, Debrecen
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- 2 Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológia, Debrecen
| | - Ilona Kovács
- 3 Debreceni Egyetem, Klinikai Központ Kenézy Gyula Campus, Patológiai Osztály, Debrecen
| | - Csaba Balog
- 4 Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Központi Kórház és Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Klinikai Onkológiai és Sugárterápiás Centrum, Miskolc
| | - Tamás Karosi
- 5 Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Központi Kórház és Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Fül-Orr-Gége és Fej-Nyak Sebészeti Osztály, Miskolc
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17
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Talmor G, Nguyen B, Mir G, Badash I, Kaye R, Caloway C. Sclerotherapy for Benign Cystic Lesions of the Head and Neck: Systematic Review of 474 Cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 165:775-783. [PMID: 33755513 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of sclerotherapy for vascular lesions of the head and neck is well established. However, the efficacy of sclerotherapy for benign cystic lesions of the head and neck is less clear. The objective of this review is to determine the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy for benign cystic lesions of the head and neck. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase. REVIEW METHODS The PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Systems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) were followed for this systematic review. Studies of patients with benign head and neck cystic masses treated primarily with sclerotherapy were included. Thirty-two studies met criteria for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 474 cases of sclerotherapy were reviewed. Agents comprised OK-432, ethanol, doxycycline, tetracycline, and bleomycin. Lesions in the analysis were ranula, thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, benign lymphoepithelial cyst, parotid cyst, thoracic duct cyst, and unspecified lateral neck cyst. A total of 287 patients (60.5%) had a complete response; 132 (27.9%) had a partial response; and 55 (11.6%) had no response. OK-432 was the most widely utilized agent, with a higher rate of complete response than that of ethanol (62.0% vs 39.4%, P = .015). Fifty-three cases (11.2%) required further surgical management. One case of laryngeal edema was reported and managed nonoperatively. CONCLUSION Sclerotherapy appears to be a safe and efficacious option for benign cystic lesions if malignancy is reliably excluded. Efficacy rates are comparable to those of sclerotherapy for vascular malformations. The rate of serious complications is low, with 1 incident of airway edema reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Talmor
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brandon Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ghayoour Mir
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ido Badash
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel Kaye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christen Caloway
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Marotta DA, Morley TJ, Jabaay MJ, Grcevich LO, Gegg R. Branchial Cleft Cyst Harbors Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e13940. [PMID: 33880280 PMCID: PMC8051537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Branchial cleft cysts are congenital anomalies which develop in utero, most commonly arising from the second branchial cleft. They are often asymptomatic lateral neck masses but can enlarge and become symptomatic in the setting of infection. The cystic cavity can form a potential space which can harbor infection and, in rare cases, malignant spread of primary tumors. Herein, we present a rare case of a 28-year-old male with an enlarging branchial cleft cyst of six months duration following an upper respiratory infection. Routine post-surgical histopathological examination of the excised mass revealed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this case is one of five cases reported within the primary literature. This case draws attention to the occult nature of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the importance of routine histopathological examination of seemingly benign surgically excised lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario A Marotta
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Timothy J Morley
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Maxwell J Jabaay
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Leah O Grcevich
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Ryan Gegg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) South, Dothan, USA
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19
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Vancraeynest L, Van Slycke S. Lateral neck cyst as initial presentation of thyroid malignancy. Acta Chir Belg 2020; 120:413-416. [PMID: 31012377 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2019.1610261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A mass in the lateral aspect of the neck may cause a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Cystic lateral neck masses in young adults are most often benign as the most frequent cause is a branchial cleft cyst. However, this may be a pitfall as such a cystic mass can be a first presentation of occult malignancy. CASE REPORT Here we present a case of a 25-year-old female patient with a cystic mass in the right lateral neck. This lesion was eventually diagnosed as cystic degeneration within a metastatic invaded lymph node from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy with right central and lateral lymphadenectomy was performed. DISCUSSION The correct diagnosis risked to be missed as the initial appearance was mimicking a benign branchial cleft cyst. CONCLUSION We aimed to highlight the possibility of an underlying unsuspected thyroid carcinoma in young patients initially presenting with a neck mass mimicking the more common benign branchial cleft cyst. We underline the necessity of thoroughly examining suspected cysts as adequate diagnosis should avoid delayed treatment as it directly affects the tumor stage and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Vancraeynest
- University Hospital Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Van Slycke
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, OLV Clinic Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
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20
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Maksimoski M, Maurrasse SE, Purkey M, Maddalozzo J. Combination Surgical Procedure for Fourth Branchial Anomalies: Operative Technique and Outcomes. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 130:738-744. [PMID: 33158383 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420971674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branchial apparatus anomalies of the fourth cleft are the rarest subtype of anomaly and occasionally present with suppurative thyroiditis or thyroid abscess due to their relationship with the thyroid gland. Surgical approaches vary and some surgeons favor cauterization of associated pyriform sinus tracts alone versus complete surgical excision. Currently, the literature is scarce and there is limited data on surgical outcomes and procedural steps. Here we describe a combination surgical technique for fourth branchial anomalies including: (1) surgical excision of the cyst and any external pit, (2) hemithyroidectomy, and (3) direct laryngoscopy with cauterization of pyriform apex tract, if present. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent surgical excision of fourth branchial apparatus lesions (including fistulae, cysts, and sinus tracts) at an urban pediatric university hospital from 2000 to 2019. Data regarding demographics, medical history, surgical methods, complications, and surgical cure rates were collected. RESULTS A total of 16 patients (9 female, 7 male) underwent a combination surgical procedure for fourth branchial apparatus lesions. Success rate after primary surgery was 94%. One patient had residual disease requiring re-operation. Two patients had post-operative complications: 1 transient vocal fold paresis and 1 seroma, both managed conservatively. A consensus surgical algorithm was created based on operative steps present in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION A combination approach to fourth branchial apparatus lesions-including endoscopic cauterization, external excision, and hemithyroidectomy-is safe and provides a high rate of primary cure. Although less invasive options exist, remnants of the branchial lesion, especially in the thyroid, may remain and cause recurrent issues. Therefore, we advocate for complete surgical excision of this rare developmental anomaly, especially when obvious thyroid involvement exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Maksimoski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E Maurrasse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Purkey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Maddalozzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Miller AL, Abt NB, Zenga J, Richmon JD. Management of a Fourth Branchial Cleft Tract With Transoral Robotic Surgery in an Adult Patient. OTO Open 2020; 4:2473974X20951786. [PMID: 32923917 PMCID: PMC7457663 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20951786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas B Abt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Zenga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy D Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Shen LF, Chen YL, Zhou SH. Three unusual parapharyngeal space masses resected via the endoscopy-assisted transoral approach: case series and literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520936068. [PMID: 32865073 PMCID: PMC7469745 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the parapharyngeal space (PPS) are rare, most originate from salivary and neurogenic tissues, and most are benign. However, there are some rarer masses in the PPS, with just a few published reports in the literature worldwide, and we may not consider them in the differential diagnosis of PPS neoplasms. We report three cases of rare masses in the PPS: Warthin’s tumor, branchial cleft cyst, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. The three patients were admitted to our department with complaints of painless swelling in the lower side of the right face or a long history of snoring; diagnoses were confirmed histopathologically. An endoscopy-assisted transoral approach was used that allowed wide visibility for safe resection and resulted in a short hospitalization time and good functional and cosmetic outcomes. All patients have been followed to the current time, and there have been no recurrences. The transoral endoscopy-assisted approach appears to be safe, effective, and less invasive for excision of masses in the PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Ya-Lian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
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23
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Moroco AE, Saadi RA, Patel VA, Lehman EB, Wilson MN. Postoperative Outcomes of Branchial Cleft Cyst Excision in Children and Adults: An NSQIP Analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 162:959-968. [PMID: 32484763 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820915468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify risk factors and perioperative morbidity for patients undergoing branchial cleft cyst (BCC) excision. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program adult and pediatric databases (NSQIP and NSQIP-P). SUBJECT AND METHODS Patients who underwent BCC excision (Current Procedural Terminology 42810, 42815) were queried via NSQIP (2005-2016) and NSQIP-P (2012-2016). Outcomes analyzed include patient demographics, medical comorbidities, admission type, operative characteristics, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and readmission. RESULTS A total of 1775 children and 677 adults were identified. Mean age at time of surgery was 4.6 years for children and 38.6 years for adults. Outpatient procedures were performed in 87.1% of adults and 94.0% of children (P < .001). Postoperative complications were uncommon, occurring in <1% of adults and 3.9% of children (P < .001). Similarly, readmission occurred in 1.2% of adults and 1.1% of children. In adults, smoking status was shown to have a significant effect on postoperative complications (odds ratio, 6.25; P = .037). Age group did not have an effect on the complication rate in the pediatric population. Pediatric otolaryngologists had higher rates of postoperative complications (P = .001), prolonged operative times (P < .001), and fewer outpatient procedures (P < .001). Conversely, in adults, otolaryngologists had fewer postoperative complications. CONCLUSION Postoperative complications following BCC excision are relatively uncommon, demonstrating procedural safety when performed at any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie E Moroco
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A Saadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vijay A Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erik B Lehman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan N Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Eide J, Isaac A, Maddalozzo J. Facial Nerve Duplication and First Branchial Cleft Cysts: An Association in an Uncommon Pathology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 161:904-905. [PMID: 31262223 DOI: 10.1177/0194599819861341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Eide
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - André Isaac
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Maddalozzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Abstract
Clinically, it may be very difficult to differentiate between benign branchial cleft cyst (BCC) and malignant BCC with papillary carcinoma preoperatively. Radiological features were reviewed retrospectively between benign BCC and malignant BCC with papillary carcinoma using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. All patients had only a mass on the right upper lateral neck without lesion in the thyroid gland. Two patients had a mass in the upper medial part of BCC on CT images and one patient showed a well-circumscribed mass in the upper portion of BCC on MR image. Two patients received BCC removal only and one patient underwent total thyroidectomy including removal of BCC. As results, most cases of papillary carcinoma in the BCC were detected incidentally after surgical resection of BCC. However, we can differentiate between benign BCC and malignant BCC with primary papillary carcinoma by carefully reviewing radiologic images before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Hong
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Research Institute for Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Hong
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Research Institute for Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Korea
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of bilateral ear canal cholesteatomas in the setting of underlying first branchial cleft cyst anomalies and to review the pathophysiology underlying the development of external auditory canal cholesteatomas from branchial cleft cyst abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present a case study of a 61-year-old man who presented with chronic right-sided hearing loss and left-sided postauricular drainage. Clinical evaluation, radiographic work-up, and pathologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of bilateral ear canal cholesteatoma in the setting of underlying first branchial cleft cyst anomalies. The patient's clinical course, surgical treatment, and management considerations are discussed here. CONCLUSION: Ear canal cholesteatoma represents a rare clinical disease entity deserving a thorough initial assessment. Careful consideration of underlying diseases that result in chronic inflammation, such as branchial cleft lesions, should be included in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic canal cholesteatoma in the absence of prior otologic surgery or trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Banakis Hartl
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sherif Said
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,3 Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Scott E Mann
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,3 Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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27
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Meng F, Zhu Z, Ord RA, Zhang T. A unique location of branchial cleft cyst: case report and review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:712-5. [PMID: 30579743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Branchial cleft cysts (BCC) are benign lesions caused by anomalous development of the branchial apparatus. This case report describes a 63-year-old woman with a 12 cm×12cm sized cystic mass located anterior to the manubrium sternum and sternum. MRI revealed a cystic lesion with a sinus tracking to the piriform sinus. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst. Because of the course of the sinus track, it is believed that this was a fourth branchial cleft cyst. These are the rarest of the branchial anomalies, and extension below the peri-thyroid region is very infrequently described. When this extension occurs, it is always post-sternal into the mediastinum, and the pre-sternal presentation here appears to be unique. A review of the relevant literature was performed to summarize the clinical features of fourth branchial cleft cyst and to identify the best options for diagnosis and treatment.
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28
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Oh JH, Chang YW, Lee EJ. Sonographic diagnosis of coexisting ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft cyst. J Clin Ultrasound 2018; 46:582-584. [PMID: 30288756 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft anomaly are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. This is a case report of the coexistence of these two rare congenital anomalies in a 1-year-old girl. She had ectopic lingual thyroid and asymptomatic abscess in the fourth branchial cleft cyst, which was found in ultrasonography carried out to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ectopic thyroid coexisting with fourth branchial cleft anomaly in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Oh
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Woo Chang
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Kitagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Osafune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
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30
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Sivars L, Landin D, Rizzo M, Haeggblom L, Bersani C, Munck-Wikland E, Näsman A, Dalianis T, Marklund L. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is absent in branchial cleft cysts of the neck distinguishing them from HPV positive cystic metastasis. Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:855-858. [PMID: 29764277 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1464207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) from cystic metastases of a human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is challenging. Fine needle aspirates (FNAs) from cystic metastasis may be non-representative, while reactive squamous cells from BCC can be atypic. Based on cytology and with the support of HPV DNA positivity many centers treat cystic metastasis oncological and thus patients are spared neck dissection. To do so safely, one must investigate whether HPV DNA and p16INK4a overexpression is found exclusively in cystic metastases and not in BCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) surgically resected BCCs from 112 patients diagnosed 2007-2015 at Karolinska University Hospital and amplified by PCR. A multiplex bead-based assay used to detect 27 HPV-types and p16INK4a expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS All 112 BCCs were HPV DNA negative, and of 105 BCCs possible to evaluate for p16INK4a, none overexpressed p16INK4a. CONCLUSIONS HPV DNA and p16INK4a overexpression were absent in BCCs. Lack of HPV DNA and p16 protein overexpression in BCCs is helpful to discriminate benign BCCs from HPV+ OPSCC metastasis. HPV testing definitely has a role in the diagnostics of cystic masses of the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sivars
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Landin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzia Rizzo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Haeggblom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Bersani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Ikegami T, Uehara T, Deng Z, Kondo S, Maeda H, Kiyuna A, Agena S, Hirakawa H, Yamashita Y, Ganaha A, Suzuki M. Detection of human papillomavirus in branchial cleft cysts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1571-1578. [PMID: 30008839 PMCID: PMC6036516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been reported to be present in branchial cleft cysts, but further information is required to clarify the role of HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts. The presence of HPV, the viral load and the physical statuses in samples from six patients with branchial cleft cysts were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV DNA probes and p16INK4a immunohistochemical analysis. High-risk type HPV-16 DNA was identified in four of the six branchial cleft cysts analyzed. Of the HPV-positive branchial cleft cysts, three exhibited mixed-type integration of HPV. HPV DNA was distributed among the basal-to-granular layers of the cystic wall in ISH analysis, and p16INK4a was weakly expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the same layers in patients with integration. ISH revealed that one patient with episomal-type infection exhibited HPV DNA in the cyst wall and did not express p16INK4a. Two patients without evidence of HPV infection exhibited weak p16INK4a expression in the superficial cyst-lining cells of branchial cleft cysts. These results indicate that infection with high-risk HPV types may be common in branchial cleft cysts. In addition, p16INK4a is not a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ikegami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uehara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Zeyi Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Asanori Kiyuna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shinya Agena
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yukashi Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Ganaha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Mikio Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Rosenblatt SD, Wolter NE, Siegele B, Brodsky JR. Primary parotid lymphoma presenting as a recurrent cystic mass: A case report. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:998-1001. [PMID: 28771798 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old boy was diagnosed with a cystic parotid mass, which was initially thought to be a first branchial cleft cyst. The mass was treated with antibiotics and fully resolved on examination and imaging. The mass returned, and a superficial parotidectomy was performed to remove the suspected branchial cleft cyst. Final pathology demonstrated a B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Bilateral bone marrow biopsies and peripheral blood counts were negative for any malignancy. This case demonstrates a rare presentation of primary parotid B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma that began as a fluctuating cystic parotid mass consistent in appearance with a first branchial cleft cyst. Laryngoscope, 128:998-1001, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Rosenblatt
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradford Siegele
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob R Brodsky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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Abstract
Branchial cleft cyst, sinuses, and fistulae are among the most commonly encountered congenital anomalies in pediatric otolaryngic practice. They can present difficulty in diagnosis and surgical management. Here, I report a case of 14-year-old boy who presented with asymptomatic, congenital swelling located just below the jawline in the lateral part of the neck. The lesion was excised surgically. Histopathology showed the cyst lined by squamous as well as columnar ciliated epithelium, which was a characteristic finding of branchial cleft cyst. The aim of presenting this case is its rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Nahata
- Department of Consultant Dermatologist, Skin Care and Laser Clinic, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Branchial cleft cysts are common causes of congenital neck masses in the pediatric population. However, neonatal presentation of branchial cleft cysts is uncommon, but recognizable secondary to acute respiratory distress from airway compression or complications secondary to infection. We report a 1-day-old infant presenting with an air-filled neck mass that enlarged with Valsalva and was not associated with respiratory distress. The infant was found to have a third branchial cleft cyst with an internal opening into the pyriform sinus. The cyst was conservatively managed with endoscopic surgical decompression and cauterization of the tract and opening. We review the embryology of branchial cleft cysts and current management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminkumar Bharatbhai Patel
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Howard Kilbride
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lorien Paulson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Branchial cleft cysts rank among the most common differential diagnoses of cystic cervical masses. Rarely, classic cystic structures exhibit a squamous cell carcinoma differentiation that represents a bronchogenic carcinoma. The existence of bronchogenic carcinoma is controversial due to the lack of systematic immunohistologic workup. The present study aimed to identify the clinical and immunohistologic features of bronchogenic carcinoma to clearly distinguish this entity from other cystic cervical masses. METHODS Immunohistologic (epidermal growth factor receptor; cytokeratin 5, 6, 7, 13; and p16) and epidemiologic assessments were performed for branchial cleft cysts (n = 63), bronchogenic carcinomas (n = 5), cystic metastasized oropharyngeal carcinomas (n = 97), and carcinomas of unknown primary (n = 51). The study was conducted as a retrospective case series study with comparison. RESULTS The patients with bronchogenic carcinomas differed significantly in age and in the number of involved lymph nodes compared with the cystic metastasized oropharyngeal carcinoma (and carcinoma of unknown primary) patients. Regular histologic wall structures were only observed in the bronchogenic carcinomas and branchial cleft cysts. Solitary cytokeratin-7 staining was only observed in the bronchogenic carcinomas, and all of the bronchogenic carcinomas were p16 negative. CONCLUSIONS The existence of bronchogenic carcinoma seems to be plausible based on clinical findings. Cytokeratin-7 and p16 staining might be helpful in the diagnostic workflow. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 126:638-642, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Strassen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hofauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yumiko Matsuba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Naglaa Mansour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Knopf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Muller
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ashley Aiken
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kelly Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Amy Y. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Teng YS, Lin ZH, Li Y, Cao XL, Lin FC, Xiang JJ. Synovial sarcoma of the neck masquerading as a malignant second branchial cleft cyst. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:2257-2262. [PMID: 24133608 PMCID: PMC3796252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon, aggressive malignant tumor of the soft tissues primarily involving the extremities of young adults. Head and neck synovial sarcoma is rare, and its diagnosis and therapy are still challenging.We report a case of a young patient with synovial sarcoma, clinically masquerading as cystic mass of the neck and malignant second branchial cleft cyst. The pathological diagnosis of the sarcoma was confirmed by a multimodality diagnostic protocol, including histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. The patient underwent complete surgical excision followed by postoperative radiotherapy and recovered well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Shu Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou, 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou, 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou, 310006, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou, 310006, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Werner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA
| | - Jason W. Schroeder
- Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA
| | - James T. Castle
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA
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Sarioglu S, Unlu M, Adali Y, Erdag TK, Men S. Branchial cleft cyst with xanthogranulomatous inflammation. Head Neck Pathol 2012; 6:146-9. [PMID: 21850556 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a special type of inflammation presenting as mass lesions and mimicking malignant tumors. It is rarely described in the head and neck region, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no cases associated with branchial cleft cyst. A 39-year-old woman with an infiltrative cystic neck mass that radiologically mimicks a malignant tumor is herein presented. The histopathologic diagnosis was a branchial cleft cyst with XGI. XGI may be associated wih branchial cleft cysts. Patients may present with radiologic findings mimicking an invasive malignant tumor, and should be taken into account during the differential diagnosis with cystic squamous cell carcinoma.
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