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Alam I, Boonkoom T, Pitakjakpipop H, Boonbanjong P, Loha K, Saeyang T, Vanichtanankul J, Japrung D. Single-Molecule Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Double-Stranded Polynucleotides Using Solid-State Nanopore with AI-Assisted Detection and Classification: Implications for Understanding Disease Severity. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1017-1027. [PMID: 38194666 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized solid-state nanopores, combined with artificial intelligence (AI), to analyze the double-stranded polynucleotides encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, receptor-binding domain, and N protein, important parts of SARS-CoV-2 infection. By examining ionic current signals during DNA translocation, we revealed the dynamic interactions and structural characteristics of these nucleotide sequences and also quantified their abundance. Nanopores of sizes 3 and 10 nm were efficiently fabricated and characterized, ensuring an optimal experimental approach. Our results showed a clear relationship between DNA capture rates and concentration, proving our method's effectiveness. Notably, longer DNA sequences had higher capture rates, suggesting their importance for potential disease marker analysis. The 3 nm nanopore demonstrated superior performance in our DNA analysis. Using dwell time measurements and excluded currents, we were able to distinguish the longer DNA fragments, paving the way for a DNA length-based analysis. Overall, our research underscores the potential of nanopore technology, enhanced with AI, in analyzing COVID-19-related DNA and its implications for understanding disease severity. This provides insight into innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Alam
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Boonkoom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Harit Pitakjakpipop
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Poramin Boonbanjong
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kawin Loha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Thanaya Saeyang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Vanichtanankul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Deanpen Japrung
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Nguyen MP, Rivard RL, Blaschke B, Vang S, Schroder LK, Cole PA, Cunningham BP. Capturing patient-reported outcomes: paper versus electronic survey administration. OTA Int 2022; 5:e212. [PMID: 36349121 PMCID: PMC9580259 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the capture rates and costs of paper patient-reported outcomes (pPRO) administered in-clinic and electronic PROs (ePRO) collected through emails and texts. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients/Participants: The pPRO program enrolled 2164 patients for postsurgical follow-up in 4 fracture types: ankle, distal radius, proximal humerus, and implant removal from 2012 to 2017. The ePRO program enrolled 3096 patients in 13 fracture types from 2018 to 2020. Among the patients enrolled in the ePRO program, 1296 patients were matched to the 4 original fracture types and time points. Main Outcome Measures: PRO capture rates in 4 fracture types by matched time point and estimated cost of each program per enrolled patient. Results: At first follow-up, pPRO provided a higher capture rate than ePRO for 3 of 4 fracture types except for implant removal (P < 0.05). However, at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, ePRO demonstrated statistically significant higher capture rates when compared with pPRO for all applicable modules (P < 0.05). The average cost for the pPRO program was $171 per patient versus $56 per patient in the ePRO program. Patients were 1.19 times more likely to complete ePRO compared with pPRO (P = 0.007) after controlling for age, sex, fracture type, and time point. Conclusion: The electronic PRO service has improved long-term capture rates compared with paper PROs, while minimizing cost. A combined program that includes both in-clinic and out of clinic effort may be the ideal model for collection of PROs. Level of Evidence: Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai P. Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | | | - Breanna Blaschke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, MN
| | - Sandy Vang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Lisa K. Schroder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Peter A. Cole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
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Huang R, Song H, Fang Q, Qian J, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Laboratory and Greenhouse Performance of Five Commercial Light Traps for Capturing Mosquitoes in China. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2021; 37:250-255. [PMID: 34817610 DOI: 10.2987/21-7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito light traps for household use are popular because they are small, cheap, user friendly, and environment friendly. At present, there are many variations and specifications of mosquito traps intended for household use on the market. The light traps claim they are powerful, but research and evaluation are lacking. Key parameters such as capture rates in the laboratory and field of 5 popular mosquito traps were evaluated as intended for household use. This study found that in the laboratory experiments, the capture rate of the mosquito traps selected was between 34.7% and 65.0%. Field tests in greenhouses found that the 5 mosquito traps had high catch rates for Culex quinquefasciatus. The percentage of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and other flying insects captured was 51.76%, 25.29%, 14.12%, and 8.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the capture rate of Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis by the 5 mosquito traps in the greenhouse, but a significant difference in the catch rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The analysis showed that the fan speed and design of the air guide of the traps are important factors that affect the mosquito catch rate and that the ultraviolet wavelength (395-400 nm) used by the traps did not impact mosquito catch rates. Therefore, the mosquito traps intended for household use can be improved by adjusting the fan speed and optimizing the air guide.
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Danaci D, Bui M, Petit C, Mac Dowell N. En Route to Zero Emissions for Power and Industry with Amine-Based Post-combustion Capture. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:10619-10632. [PMID: 34241997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As more countries commit to a net-zero GHG emission target, we need a whole energy and industrial system approach to decarbonization rather than focus on individual emitters. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of monoethanolamine-based post-combustion capture to explore opportunities over a diverse range of power and industrial applications. The following ranges were investigated: feed gas flow rate between 1-1000 kg ·s-1, gas CO2 concentrations of 2-42%mol, capture rates of 70-99%, and interest rates of 2-20%. The economies of scale are evident when the flue gas flow rate is <20 kg ·s-1 and gas concentration is below 20%mol CO2. In most cases, increasing the capture rate from 90 to 95% has a negligible impact on capture cost, thereby reducing CO2 emissions at virtually no additional cost. The majority of the investigated space has an operating cost fraction above 50%. In these instances, reducing the cost of capital (i.e., interest rate) has a minor impact on the capture cost. Instead, it would be more beneficial to reduce steam requirements. We also provide a surrogate model which can evaluate capture cost from inputs of the gas flow rate, CO2 composition, capture rate, interest rate, steam cost, and electricity cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danaci
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Mai Bui
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 1NE, U.K
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Camille Petit
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Niall Mac Dowell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 1NE, U.K
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Abstract
The large-scale deployment of carbon capture technologies is expected to play a crucial role in efforts to meet stringent climate targets set forth by the Paris Agreement, but current models rely heavily upon carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies for which viability at the gigatonne scale is uncertain. While most 1.5 and 2 °C scenarios project rapid decarbonization of the energy sector facilitated by carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), they generally assume that CCS units can only capture ∼90% of the CO2 in coal and natural gas combustion flues because this was previously considered the optimal condition for aqueous amine scrubbers. In this Perspective, we discuss a small but growing body of literature that examines the prospect of moving significantly beyond 90% capture-a concept we term deep CCS-in light of recent developments in materials and process design. The low incremental costs associated with performing varying degrees of deep CCS suggest that this approach is not only feasible but may also alleviate burdens placed upon CDR techniques facing significant barriers to large-scale deployment. We estimate that rapid deployment of deep CCS in deep decarbonization pathways could avoid more than 1 gigatonne of CO2 globally each year. The principles of deep CCS could also be applied directly to the CDR strategy of employing bioenergy with CCS, which could lead to a significant alleviation of the land and freshwater burden associated with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Dods
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eugene J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon C Weston
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
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Stašiov S, Čiliak M, Wiezik M, Svitok M, Wieziková A, Diviaková A. Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9864-9875. [PMID: 34306669 PMCID: PMC8293776 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3 cm, 5 cm, and 12 cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70% ethanol and glycerol and 4% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45 days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d = 12 cm) and medium (5 cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3 cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d = 5 cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d = 5 and 12 cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomír Stašiov
- Department of Biology and General EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Department of Applied EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Michal Wiezik
- Department of Applied EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
- Parlement européenBrusselBelgium
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
- Department of Ecosystem BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceČeské BudějoviceCzechia
| | - Adela Wieziková
- Department of Biology and General EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Andrea Diviaková
- Department of Biology and General EcologyFaculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
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Zhang M, Ngampeerapong C, Redin D, Ahmadian A, Sychugov I, Linnros J. Thermophoresis-Controlled Size-Dependent DNA Translocation through an Array of Nanopores. ACS Nano 2018; 12:4574-4582. [PMID: 29648793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large arrays of nanopores can be used for high-throughput biomolecule translocation with applications toward size discrimination and sorting at the single-molecule level. In this paper, we propose to discriminate DNA length by the capture rate of the molecules to an array of relatively large nanopores (50-130 nm) by introducing a thermal gradient by laser illumination in front of the pores balancing the force from an external electric field. Nanopore arrays defined by photolithography were batch processed using standard silicon technology in combination with electrochemical etching. Parallel translocation of single, fluorophore-labeled dsDNA strands is recorded by imaging the array with a fast CMOS camera. The experimental data show that the capture rates of DNA molecules decrease with increasing DNA length due to the thermophoretic effect of the molecules. It is shown that the translocation can be completely turned off for the longer molecule using an appropriate bias, thus allowing a size discrimination of the DNA translocation through the nanopores. A derived analytical model correctly predicts the observed capture rate. Our results demonstrate that by combining a thermal and a potential gradient at the nanopores, such large nanopore arrays can potentially be used as a low-cost, high-throughput platform for molecule sensing and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Electrum 229 , 164 40 Kista , Sweden
| | - Chonmanart Ngampeerapong
- Department of Applied Physics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Electrum 229 , 164 40 Kista , Sweden
| | - David Redin
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-171 65 , Solna , Sweden
| | - Afshin Ahmadian
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-171 65 , Solna , Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Department of Applied Physics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Electrum 229 , 164 40 Kista , Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Electrum 229 , 164 40 Kista , Sweden
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Seyring N, Dollhofer M, Weißenbacher J, Bakas I, McKinnon D. Assessment of collection schemes for packaging and other recyclable waste in European Union-28 Member States and capital cities. Waste Manag Res 2016; 34:947-956. [PMID: 27357560 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16650516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Waste Framework Directive obliged European Union Member States to set up separate collection systems to promote high quality recycling for at least paper, metal, plastic and glass by 2015. As implementation of the requirement varies across European Union Member States, the European Commission contracted BiPRO GmbH/Copenhagen Resource Institute to assess the separate collection schemes in the 28 European Union Member States, focusing on capital cities and on metal, plastic, glass (with packaging as the main source), paper/cardboard and bio-waste. The study includes an assessment of the legal framework for, and the practical implementation of, collection systems in the European Union-28 Member States and an in depth-analysis of systems applied in all capital cities. It covers collection systems that collect one or more of the five waste streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source (including strict separation, co-mingled systems, door-to-door, bring-point collection and civic amenity sites). A scoreboard including 13 indicators is elaborated in order to measure the performance of the systems with the capture rates as key indicators to identify best performers. Best performance are by the cities of Ljubljana, Helsinki and Tallinn, leading to the key conclusion that door-to-door collection, at least for paper and bio-waste, and the implementation of pay-as-you-throw schemes results in high capture and thus high recycling rates of packaging and other municipal waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioannis Bakas
- Copenhagen Resource Institute (CRI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David McKinnon
- Copenhagen Resource Institute (CRI), Copenhagen, Denmark
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Freedman KJ, Haq SR, Fletcher MR, Foley JP, Jemth P, Edel JB, Kim MJ. Nonequilibrium capture rates induce protein accumulation and enhanced adsorption to solid-state nanopores. ACS Nano 2014; 8:12238-49. [PMID: 25426798 DOI: 10.1021/nn5062645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule capturing of analytes using an electrically biased nanopore is the fundamental mechanism in which nearly all nanopore experiments are conducted. With pore dimensions being on the order of a single molecule, the spatial zone of sensing only contains approximately a zeptoliter of volume. As a result, nanopores offer high precision sensing within the pore but provide little to no information about the analytes outside the pore. In this study, we use capture frequency and rate balance theory to predict and study the accumulation of proteins at the entrance to the pore. Protein accumulation is found to have positive attributes such as capture rate enhancement over time but can additionally lead to negative effects such as long-term blockages typically attributed to protein adsorption on the surface of the pore. Working with the folded and unfolded states of the protein domain PDZ2 from SAP97, we show that applying short (e.g., 3-25 s in duration) positive voltage pulses, rather than a constant voltage, can prevent long-term current blockades (i.e., adsorption events). By showing that the concentration of proteins around the pore can be controlled in real time using modified voltage protocols, new experiments can be explored which study the role of concentration on single molecular kinetics including protein aggregation, folding, and protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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Popescu VD, Valpine P, Sweitzer RA. Testing the consistency of wildlife data types before combining them: the case of camera traps and telemetry. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:933-43. [PMID: 24772272 PMCID: PMC3997311 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife data gathered by different monitoring techniques are often combined to estimate animal density. However, methods to check whether different types of data provide consistent information (i.e., can information from one data type be used to predict responses in the other?) before combining them are lacking. We used generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed-effects models to relate camera trap probabilities for marked animals to independent space use from telemetry relocations using 2 years of data for fishers (Pekania pennanti) as a case study. We evaluated (1) camera trap efficacy by estimating how camera detection probabilities are related to nearby telemetry relocations and (2) whether home range utilization density estimated from telemetry data adequately predicts camera detection probabilities, which would indicate consistency of the two data types. The number of telemetry relocations within 250 and 500 m from camera traps predicted detection probability well. For the same number of relocations, females were more likely to be detected during the first year. During the second year, all fishers were more likely to be detected during the fall/winter season. Models predicting camera detection probability and photo counts solely from telemetry utilization density had the best or nearly best Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), suggesting that telemetry and camera traps provide consistent information on space use. Given the same utilization density, males were more likely to be photo-captured due to larger home ranges and higher movement rates. Although methods that combine data types (spatially explicit capture–recapture) make simple assumptions about home range shapes, it is reasonable to conclude that in our case, camera trap data do reflect space use in a manner consistent with telemetry data. However, differences between the 2 years of data suggest that camera efficacy is not fully consistent across ecological conditions and make the case for integrating other sources of space-use data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel D Popescu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California, 94720-3114
| | - Perry Valpine
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California, 94720-3114
| | - Rick A Sweitzer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California, 94720-3114
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