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Gao S, Zhu Z, Fang H, Feng K, Zhong J, Hou M, Guo Y, Li F, Zhang W, Ma Z, Li F. Regulation of Coordination Chemistry for Ultrastable Layered Oxide Cathode Materials of Sodium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2311523. [PMID: 38193311 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Layered transition-metal (TM) oxide cathodes have attracted growing attention in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical implementation is plagued by Jahn-Teller distortion and irreversible cation migration, leading to severe voltage decay and structure instability. Herein, O3-Na0.898K0.058Ni0.396Fe0.098Mn0.396Ti0.092O2 (KT-NFM) is reported as an ultrastable cathode material via multisite substitution with rigid KO6 pillars and flexible TiO6 octahedra. The K pillars induce contracted TMO2 slabs and their strong Coulombic repulsion to inhibit Ni/Fe migration; and Ti incorporation reinforces the hybridization of Ni(3deg*)-O(2p) to mitigate the undesired O3-O'3 phase transition. These enable the reversible redox of Ni2+↔Ni3 . 20+ and Fe3+↔Fe3.69+ for 138.6 mAh g-1 and ultrastable cycles with >90% capacity retention after 2000 cycles in a pouch cell of KT-NFM||hard carbon. This will provide insights into the design of ultrastable layered cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Machuan Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Ma
- Shaoxing Institute of New Energy and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shaoxing, 312300, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Chuai M, Yang J, Tan R, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Sun J, Wang M, Zheng X, Chen N, Chen W. Theory-Driven Design of a Cationic Accelerator for High-Performance Electrolytic MnO 2 -Zn Batteries. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203249. [PMID: 35766725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytic MnO2 -Zn batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy-storage devices for their cost effectiveness, high output voltage, and safety, but their electrochemical performance is limited by the sluggish kinetics of cathodic MnO2 /Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. To overcome this critical challenge, herein, a cationic accelerator (CA) strategy is proposed based on the prediction of first-principles calculations. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is utilized as a model to testify the rational design of the CA strategy. It manifests that the CA effectively facilitates rapid cations migration in electrolyte and adequate charge transfer at electrode-electrolyte interface, benefiting the deposition/dissolution processes of both Mn2+ and Zn2+ cations to simultaneously improve kinetics of cathodic MnO2 /Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. The resulting MnO2 -Zn battery regulated by CA exhibits large reversible capacities of 455 mAh g-1 and 3.64 mAh cm-2 at 20 C, as well as a long lifespan of 2000 cycles with energy density retention of 90%, achieving one of the best overall performances in the electrolytic MnO2 -Zn batteries. This comprehensive work integrating theoretical prediction with experimental studies provides opportunities to the development of high-performance energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Chuai
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Zaichun Liu
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jifei Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Chai K, Zhang J, Li Q, Wong D, Zheng L, Schulz C, Bartkowiak M, Smirnov D, Liu X. Facilitating Reversible Cation Migration and Suppressing O 2 Escape for High Performance Li-Rich Oxide Cathodes. Small 2022; 18:e2201014. [PMID: 35373917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-capacity Li-rich Mn-based oxide cathodes show a great potential in next generation Li-ion batteries but suffer from some critical issues, such as, lattice oxygen escape, irreversible transition metal (TM) cation migration, and voltage decay. Herein, a comprehensive structural modulation in the bulk and surface of Li-rich cathodes is proposed through simultaneously introducing oxygen vacancies and P doping to mitigate these issues, and the improvement mechanism is revealed. First, oxygen vacancies and P doping elongates OO distance, which lowers the energy barrier and enhances the reversible cation migration. Second, reversible cation migration elevates the discharge voltage, inhibits voltage decay and lattice oxygen escape by increasing the Li vacancy-TM antisite at charge, and decreasing the trapped cations at discharge. Third, oxygen vacancies vary the lattice arrangement on the surface from a layered lattice to a spinel phase, which deactivates oxygen redox and restrains oxygen gas (O2 ) escape. Fourth, P doping enhances the covalency between cations and anions and elevates lattice stability in bulk. The modulated Li-rich cathode exhibits a high-rate capability, a good cycling stability, a restrained voltage decay, and an elevated working voltage. This study presents insights into regulating oxygen redox by facilitating reversible cation migration and suppressing O2 escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chai
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deniz Wong
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Christian Schulz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej Bartkowiak
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Yue Y, Ha Y, Huang TY, Li N, Li L, Li Q, Feng J, Wang C, McCloskey BD, Yang W, Tong W. Interplay between Cation and Anion Redox in Ni-Based Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes. ACS Nano 2021; 15:13360-13369. [PMID: 34347434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reversibility of the redox processes plays a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of lithium-excess cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the redox reactions in a representative Ni-based DRX cathode. The aim of this work is to elucidate the roles of multiple cations and anions in the charge compensation mechanism that is ultimately linked to the electrochemical performance of Ni-based DRX cathode. The low-voltage reduction reaction results in the low energy efficiency and strong voltage hysteresis. Our data reveal that the Mo migration between octahedral and tetrahedral sites enhances the O reduction potential, thus offering a potential strategy to improve energy efficiency. This work highlights the important role that the high-valence transition metal plays in the redox chemistry and provides useful insights into the potential pathway to further address the challenges in Ni-based DRX systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tzu-Yang Huang
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Linze Li
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Qingtian Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Feng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wei Tong
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Sharma A, Rajkamal A, Kobi S, Kumar BS, Paidi AK, Chatterjee A, Mukhopadhyay A. Addressing the High-Voltage Structural and Electrochemical Instability of Ni-Containing Layered Transition Metal (T M) Oxide Cathodes by "Blocking" the "T M-Migration" Pathway in the Lattice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25836-25849. [PMID: 34028254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
"Layered"/"cation-ordered"/O3-type Li-TM-oxides (TM: transition metal) suffer from structural instability due to "TM migration" from the TM layer to the Li layer upon Li removal (viz., "cation disordering"). This phenomenon gets exacerbated upon excessive Li removal, with Ni ions being particularly prone to migration. When used as cathode material in Li-ion batteries, the "TM migration" and associated structural changes cause rapid impedance buildup and capacity fade, thus limiting the cell voltages to ≤4.3 V for stable operation and lowering the usable Li-storage capacity (concomitantly, energy density). Looking closely at the "TM migration" pathway, one realizes that the tetrahedral site (t-site) of the Li layer forms an intermediate site. Accordingly, the present work explores a new idea concerning suppression of "Ni migration" by "blocking" the intermediate crystallographic site (viz., the t-site) with a dopant, which is the most stable at that site. In this regard, density functional theory (DFT)-based simulations indicate that the concerned t-site is energetically the most preferred and stable site for d10 Zn2+. Detailed analysis of crystallographic data (including bond valence sum) obtained with the as-prepared Zn-doped Li-NMC supports the same. Furthermore, the simulations also predict that Zn doping is likely to suppress "Ni migration" upon Li removal. Supporting these predictions, galvanostatic delithiation/lithiation studies with Zn-doped and undoped Li-NMCs demonstrate significantly improved cyclic stability, near-complete suppression of "cation mixing", and negligible buildup of impedance (as well as potential hysteresis) for the former, even upon being subjected to long-term cycling using a high upper cut-off potential of 4.7 V (vs Li/Li+). Accordingly, such subtle tuning of the composition and structure, in the light of electronic configuration of the dopant and specific crystallographic site occupancy, is likely to pave the way toward the development of Ni-containing stable high voltage O3-type Li-TM-oxide cathodes for the next-generation Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rajkamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sushobhan Kobi
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Bachu Sravan Kumar
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anil Kumar Paidi
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Kim D, Hwang C, Jeong J, Song WJ, Park S, Song HK. Bipolymer-Cross-Linked Binder to Improve the Reversibility and Kinetics of Sodiation and Desodiation of Antimony for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:43039-43045. [PMID: 31621283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the volume of antimony tremendously expands during the alloying reaction with sodium, it is considered a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Repeated volume changes along the sodiation/desodiation cycles encourage capacity fading by triggering pulverization accompanying electrolyte decomposition. Additionally, the low cation transference number of sodium ions is another hindrance for application in SIBs. In this work, a binder was designed for the antimony in SIB cells to ensure bifunctionality and improve (1) the mechanical toughness to suppress the serious volume change and (2) the transference number of sodium ions. A cross-linked composite of poly(acrylic acid) and cyanoethyl pullulan (pullulan-CN) was presented as the binder. The polysaccharide backbone of pullulan-CN was responsible for the mechanical toughness, while the cyanoethyl groups of pullulan-CN improved the lithium-cation transfer. The antimony-based SIB cells using the composite binder showed improved cycle life with enhanced kinetics. The capacity was maintained at 76% of the initial value at the 200th cycle of 1C discharge following 1C charge, while the capacity at 20C was 61% of the capacity at 0.2C, implying that the composite binder significantly improved the sodiation/desodiation reversibility of antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , UNIST , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Chihyun Hwang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , UNIST , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Jihong Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , UNIST , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Hyun-Kon Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , UNIST , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
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Harvey SP, Zhang F, Palmstrom A, Luther JM, Zhu K, Berry JJ. Mitigating Measurement Artifacts in TOF-SIMS Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:30911-30918. [PMID: 31373481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the few techniques that can specifically distinguish between organic cations such as methylammonium and formamidinium. Distinguishing between these two species can lead to specific insight into the origins and evolution of compositional inhomogeneity and chemical gradients in halide perovskite solar cells, which appears to be a key to advancing the technology. TOF-SIMS can obtain chemical information from hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in up to three dimensions, while not simply splitting the organic components into their molecular constituents (C, H, and N for both methylammonium and formamidinium), unlike other characterization methods. Here, we report on the apparently ubiquitous A-site organic cation gradient measured when doing TOF-SIMS depth-profiling of PSC films. Using thermomechanical methods to cleave perovskite samples at the buried glass/transparent conducting oxide interface enables depth profiling in a reverse direction from normal depth profiling (backside depth profiling). When comparing the backside depth profiles to the traditional front side profiled devices, an identical slight gradient in the A-site organic cation signal is observed in each case. This indicates that the apparent A-site cation gradient is a measurement artifact due to beam damage from the primary ion beam causing a continually decreasing ion yield for secondary ions of methylammonium and formamidinium. This is due to subsurface implantation and bond breaking from the 30 keV bismuth primary ion beam impact when profiling with too high of a data density. Here, we show that the beam-generated artifact associated with this damage can mostly be mitigated by altering the measurement conditions. We also report on a new method of depth profiling applied to PSC films that enables enhanced sensitivity to halide ions in positive measurement polarity, which can eliminate the need for a second measurement in negative polarity in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Harvey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Axel Palmstrom
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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Harvey SP, Li Z, Christians JA, Zhu K, Luther JM, Berry JJ. Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:28541-28552. [PMID: 30024148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origins and evolution of inhomogeneity in halide perovskite solar cells appears to be a key to advancing the technology. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the few techniques that can obtain chemical information from all components of halide organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics in one-dimension (standard depth profiling), two-dimensions (high-resolution 100 nm imaging), as well as three-dimensions (tomography combining high-resolution imaging with depth profiling). TOF-SIMS has been used to analyze perovskite photovoltaics made by a variety of methods, and the breadth of insight that can be gained from this technique is illustrated here including: cation uniformity (depth and lateral), changes in chemistry upon alternate processing, changes in chemistry upon degradation (including at interfaces), and lateral distribution of passivating additives. Using TOF-SIMS on multiple perovskite compositions, we show that the information regarding halide perovskite formation as well as inhomogeneity critical to device performance can be extracted providing one of the best proxies for understanding compositional changes resulting from degradation. We also describe in detail the measurement artifacts and recommend the best practices that enable unique insight regarding halide perovskite solar cell materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Harvey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Zhen Li
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | | | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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